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1.
本文在海面存在波动的情况下,讨论海面垂向水汽通量的物理过程及其参数化表示方法。首先,说明海面气层的分层状况,湍流和片流所具有的特征。其次,描述局地非定常的分子扩散过程,表述海面湍涡概率,以及加权给出海面水汽通量的表达式和相应的参数化公式。最后,利用渤海中部石油平台观测到的水文气象资料,对本模式进行验算且与已有模式作若干对比。结果证明本模式的理论分析可能更符合实际。 相似文献
2.
为了在考虑到(1)产生海流的大气作用;(2)湍流粘滞系量值是计算的而不是假设的;(3)海洋具有实际可变的而非常量的深度等情况下,较易地计算出特别是铅直坐标函数的海流速度,本文提出一种大气-海洋三层模式。近似中性层结状态的大气被考虑是两个层的组合,第一层是紧贴海面的湍流边界层,第二层是位于第一层之上的Ekman层。仅考虑铅直湍流的海洋,被看成是从海面到海底的一整层。海面风应力分布和海洋中海水密 相似文献
3.
建立二层非线性原始方程海洋模式，采用湍流动能收支参数化风应力产生的垂直混合（夹卷），研究海洋对不同强度和最大风速半径的静止热带气旋（ＴＣ）的响应。数值试验结果表明，由于科氏参数随纬度变化，海洋对热带气旋的响应具有不对称性。热带气旋强度对海流，上混合层（ＵＭＬ）深度和海表温（ＳＳＴ）变化量值产生重大影响，并对它们变化范围影响较大。热带气旋最大风速半径对海流、混合层深度和海表温变化量值的影响不明显，但对它们的变化范围有明显影响。 相似文献
4.
海洋对热带气旋响应的一种改进模式 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
建立一个改进的二层非线性原始方程海洋模式，研究海洋对热带气旋的响应。采用湍流动能收支参数化风应力产生的垂直混合（夹卷），其中考虑了盐度对层结强度的影响。通过海洋对７００２号台风响应的数值模拟，结果表明，在引起海表温度下降的各热通量分量中，夹卷约占了８３％，余下的海表面热通量占了１７％。在台风路径转向的右侧，海洋出现强烈的降温表现出明显的右偏性。降温的幅度、范围和形状均与观测结果较为一致。 相似文献
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吕宋冷涡的季节变化特征及其与风应力的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用AVISO提供的1993年1月至2007年5月的多卫星融合海面高度距平（SLA）数据，对研究区域（15°～20°N，113°～121°E）SLA的季节变化特征进行了分析．其结果表明：吕宋冷涡发生在冬、春季，且该冷涡的发生、发展与局地风应力具有较好的相关性；当SLA变化滞后于风应力1个月时，SLA与风应力的负相关系数达-0．78；且当出现西南风时，SLA为正值；而在东北季风期间，S／A为负值．对幽进行主成分分析得到的前2个模态反映了黝的季节变化特性，其中第一模态的贡献率为54．14％，表现为以18．5°N，119．5°E附近为中心的SLA同步涨落，对风应力的响应迟滞1个月，而且此模态与风应力模第一模态的空间分布十分相似；第二模态的贡献率则为14．54％，表现为季风作用下海面高度的Ekman调整． 相似文献
8.
通过求解海冷水团叶绿素一维模式控制方程，首次对风搅拌混合、潮混合和光衰减强度的影响机制进行了解析研究。结果表明，湍流湿合过程和光的衰减强度对叶绿素夏季垂向分布结构具有重要影响。增强海面风搅拌合作用的结果，导致叶绿素表层分布趋于均匀；增强潮温合，导致叶绿素最大值增加，最大值的位置向海面抬升；减少光的衰减强度，导致叶绿素最大值增加，最大值的位置下沉。 相似文献
9.
本文将海面上的大气边界层简化为水平平板上湍流边界层的混合对流问题,并考虑大气与海浪之间的动量交换,计算出海面上风速、海气温差和风区等诸因素对海气动量输运的影响.边界层计算需用的湍流模式采用包含浮力效应的混合长模式,在考虑海浪作用的计算中采用理论与半经验公式相结合的方法.我们发现在有限风区情况下(刮离岸风的近海区域),风区会显着影响不同海气温差下海气动量交换过程,这一点在以往的研究中从未涉及到. 相似文献
10.
海面阻力系数的流体力学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用相似理论的方法 ,把湍流问题的尼古拉兹曲线引入到风应力中 ,阐明了决定海面阻力系数的关键因素 ,并提出了阻力系数和有效波高的关系。 相似文献
11.
本文是文献[3]研究工作的继续。利用文献[3]中所用的海-气边界层模式,重点考虑海深和底坡的影响,将该文的研究成果直接推广到有限深海的情形,和无限深海情形下所获得的相应结果进行比较,简洁地阐明两者的异同,并就海底摩擦以及浅海风暴潮的估值和导致风暴潮的发生和发展的大气强迫力作一简短讨论。 相似文献
12.
近十余年来,海洋和大气相互作用这一课题日益受到人们的关注。从海-气边界层结构以及通过海面的物理量和化学量输送机制的研究到大尺度海洋和大气相互作用的研究都取得了可喜的成果。此外,还从海洋和大气相互作用的观点探索了风暴潮预报的新的可能途径[2]。然而,由于问题的复杂性,通过海面以及海-气边界层的物理量的小尺度输送机制迄未得到澄清,企图从本质上改善大尺度海洋和大气相互作用的理论是不现实的。 相似文献
13.
A three-dimensional numerical model is developed and used to study the coastal upwelling processes and corresponding seasonal changes in the sea level along the west coast of India. The upwelling and associated sea level variations are seen as a response of coastal ocean to pure wind stress forcing. The model is designed to represent coastal ocean physics by resolving surface and bottom Ekman layers as realistically as possible. The prognostic variables are the three components of the velocity field, temperature, salinity and turbulent energy. The governing equations together with their boundary conditions are solved by finite-difference techniques. Experiments are performed to investigate sea level fluctuations associated with the thermal response and alongshore currents of the coastal waters. The model is forced with mean monthly wind stress forcing of January, May, July and September representing northeast monsoon and different phases of the southwest monsoon. It is known from the observational study that the upwelling process reaches to the surface waters by May along the coastal waters of the extreme southwest peninsular region. The process is more intense in July compared to May and September and its strength decreases from south to north. However, during the northeast monsoon season, which is represented by January wind stress forcing in the model, downwelling is simulated along the coast. The model simulations of the coastal response are compared with the observations and are found to be in good agreement. The maximum computed vertical velocity of about 2.0 ×10 -3 cm s -1 is predicted in July in the southern region off the coast. 相似文献
14.
A three-dimensional numerical model is developed and used to study the coastal upwelling processes and corresponding seasonal changes in the sea level along the west coast of India. The upwelling and associated sea level variations are seen as a response of coastal ocean to pure wind stress forcing. The model is designed to represent coastal ocean physics by resolving surface and bottom Ekman layers as realistically as possible. The prognostic variables are the three components of the velocity field, temperature, salinity and turbulent energy. The governing equations together with their boundary conditions are solved by finite-difference techniques. Experiments are performed to investigate sea level fluctuations associated with the thermal response and alongshore currents of the coastal waters. The model is forced with mean monthly wind stress forcing of January, May, July and September representing northeast monsoon and different phases of the southwest monsoon. It is known from the observational study that the upwelling process reaches to the surface waters by May along the coastal waters of the extreme southwest peninsular region. The process is more intense in July compared to May and September and its strength decreases from south to north. However, during the northeast monsoon season, which is represented by January wind stress forcing in the model, downwelling is simulated along the coast. The model simulations of the coastal response are compared with the observations and are found to be in good agreement. The maximum computed vertical velocity of about 2.0 2 10 -3 cm s -1 is predicted in July in the southern region off the coast. 相似文献
15.
数据同化反演风应力拖曳系数以及垂向涡动黏性系数的分布 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
所作的孪生实验表明:通过利用变分优化控制技术将气象学和海洋学(表层和次表层)的观测资料同化到海洋的埃克曼层模型中,可将未知的边界条件(风应力拖曳系数)和垂向涡动黏性系数的分布同时反演出来. 相似文献
16.
Zhaoyun Chen Xiao-Hai Yan Yuwu Jiang Lide Jiang Young-Heon Jo 《Journal of Oceanography》2013,69(4):443-450
Satellite images of sea surface temperature (SST) show that the location of cross-shore SST minimum (LCSM) stretches along the isobaths in the Northwest Africa Upwelling System. To understand and interpret these observations better, we set up a two-dimensional analytical model that takes into account the surface and bottom Ekman transport and the alongshore geostrophic current, as well as bottom friction and variations in bottom topography. The structure of vertical velocity with a realistic topography clearly illustrates the variations of SST drop in a sample cross-shore section. Some idealized theoretical model experiments are carried out to examine the effects of eddy viscosity, Coriolis force, and cross-shore wind on the location of the cross-shore maximum upwelling intensity. The results show that the cross-shore wind largely impacts on the location where the coldest water outcrops to the surface through an adjustment of the cross-shore pressure gradient. This is also verified by the remotely sensed data, which indicate that the maximum correlation coefficient between cross-shore wind stress and the depth of LCSM is ?0.65 with a lag of approximately 1 day. 相似文献
17.
G. T. Csanady 《Journal of Oceanography》1997,53(1):67-80
A “slip law” connects the excess velocity or “slip” of a wind-blown water surface, relative to the motion in the middle of
the mixed layer, to the wind stress, the wind-wave field, and buoyancy flux. An inner layer-outer layer model of the turbulent
shear flow in the mixed layer is appropriate, as for a turbulent boundary layer or Ekman layer over a solid surface, allowing,
however, for turbulent kinetic energy transfer from the air-side via breaking waves, and for Stokes drift. Asymptotic matching
of the velocity distributions in inner and outer portions of the mixed layer yields a slip law of logarithmic form, akin to
the drag law of a turbulent boundary layer. The dominant independent variable is the ratio of water-side roughness length
to mixed layer depth or turbulent Ekman depth. Convection due to surface cooling is also an important influence, reducing
surface slip. Water-side roughness length is a wind-wave property, varying with wind speed similarly to air-side roughness.
Slip velocity is typically 20 times water-side friction velocity or 3% of wind speed, varying within a range of about 2 to
4.5%. A linearized model of turbulent kinetic energy distribution shows much higher values near the surface than in a wall
layer. Nondimensional dissipation peaks at a value of about eight, a short distance below the surface. 相似文献
18.
A three-dimensional model study on ocean dynamic response to traveling cyclone over the Huanghai Sea
On the basis of numerical simulation of the mean circulation and relevant thermal-salinity fields in June with a three-dimensional ocean model (ECOM-si), the model outputs are used as first guess of initial fields for numerical integration of the model equations and the numerical results are applied to investigating the dynamical responses of the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea (HECS) in the course of a weak land-to-sea cyclone‘s passage over the Huanghai Sea on 15-16 June 1999. Predominance of the dynamic impact of cyclone over the thermal one in June in the HECS is justified using observations and model simulations.The cyclone and its surrounding weather system, i.e,, subtropical high ridge to its south could influence current and thermal fields in the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea and the northern East China Sea even though the intensity of cyclone was rather weak. The response of oceanic currents to the wind stresses driven by the cyclone and its southern subtropical high were strongly characterized by the wind drift with its extent of equivalent scale of cyclone in the horizontal and of Ekman layer in the vertical. The sea response at a given site was closely related to the transient local wind speed and direction,especially was sensitive to the local wind direction,which is demonstrated at three points locating at the southern and western Huanghai Sea and the northern East China Sea. So the sea responses at locations differed considerably from one another. Current responded to the wind stress in a simple way:directly to the wind-driven current and subsequent gradient current and slope current, etc., whereas sea temperature responded to the wind stress in two ways: directly to the cyclone-induced cooling and indirectly to water movements both in the horizontal and the vertical by the cyclone‘ s wind stress. So the sea temperature variation under the influence of cyclone was more complicate than the current. The HECS in response to the cyclone and its ambient weather system was likely to be a fast process and such a response could last at least for more than 1d. Current increased with the duration of wind stress exerted on the surface and decreased with the increasing depth. Affected by the cyclone, the maximum sea surface temperature decreased by almost 1.6℃ during the 24h cyclone. 相似文献
19.
Effects of Stokes production on summer ocean shelf dynamics 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A two-dimensional numerical model,which is configured on the basis of Princeton ocean model（POM）,is used to study the effect of Stokes production（SP） of the turbulent kinetic energy on a density profile and Ekman transport in an idealized shelf region in summer.The energy input from SP is parameterized and included into the Mellor-Yamada turbulence closure submodel.Results reveal that the intensity of wind-driven upwelling fronts near the sea surface is weakened by the SP-associated turbulent kinetic energy input.The vertical eddy viscosity coefficient in the surface boundary layer is enhanced greatly owing to the impact of SP,which decreases the alongshore velocity and changes the distribution of upwelling.In addition,the SP-induced mixing easily suppresses the strong stratification and significantly increases the depth of the upper mixed layer（ML） under strong winds. 相似文献
20.
Jin-Bao Song 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(5):659-671
The response of near-surface current profiles to wind and random surface waves are studied based on the approach of Jenkins [1989. The use of a wave prediction model for driving a near surface current model. Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z. 42, 134–149] and Tang et al. [2007. Observation and modeling of surface currents on the Grand Banks: a study of the wave effects on surface currents. J. Geophys. Res. 112, C10025, doi:10.1029/2006JC004028]. Analytic steady solutions are presented for wave-modified Ekman equations resulting from Stokes drift, wind input and wave dissipation for a depth-independent constant eddy viscosity coefficient and one that varies linearly with depth. The parameters involved in the solutions can be determined by the two-dimensional wavenumber spectrum of ocean waves, wind speed, the Coriolis parameter and the densities of air and water, and the solutions reduce to those of Lewis and Belcher [2004. Time-dependent, coupled, Ekman boundary layer solutions incorporating Stokes drift. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans. 37, 313–351] when only the effects of Stokes drift are included. As illustrative examples, for a fully developed wind-generated sea with different wind speeds, wave-modified current profiles are calculated and compared with the classical Ekman theory and Lewis and Belcher's [2004. Time-dependent, coupled, Ekman boundary layer solutions incorporating Stokes drift. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 37, 313–351] modification by using the Donelan and Pierson [1987. Radar scattering and equilibrium ranges in wind-generated waves with application to scatterometry. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 4971–5029] wavenumber spectrum, the WAM wave model formulation for wind input energy to waves, and wave energy dissipation converted to currents. Illustrative examples for a fully developed sea and the comparisons between observations and the theoretical predictions demonstrate that the effects of the random surface waves on the classical Ekman current are important, as they change qualitatively the nature of the Ekman layer. But the effects of the wind input and wave dissipation on surface current are small, relative to the impact of the Stokes drift. 相似文献