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1.
利用流式细胞仪对南黄海秋季浮游病毒丰度在水平分布和垂直分布上的特征进行了研究,并分析了浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌、微微型浮游植物等宿主丰度以及环境因子的相关性.结果表明,该海区秋季浮游病毒丰度在(2.22×106)-(1.60× 107)ind/ml之间,平均值8.32×106ind/ml.病毒丰度在调查海域的东北和中南部海域出现高值区,在西南部出现低值区,且浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌丰度的平面分布趋势较一致.在表层、中层和底层水体,浮游病毒丰度平均值分别为8.63×106、7.83×106、8.49×106ind/ml,表层和底层丰度无显著差异,但均高于中层(P＜0.05).相关性分析表明,浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌丰度、VBR呈显著正相关(P＜0.01),与微微型真核浮游植物丰度呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),与聚球藻、水深、水温、盐度、溶氧、叶绿素a浓度无明显相关性(P＞0.05). 相似文献
2.
胶州湾冬季异养细菌与营养盐分布特征及关系研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
2003年12月、2004年1月和2月下旬进行了3个航次的现场调查,对胶州湾冬季异养浮游细菌和无机营养盐分布特征、相互关系及影响因素进行了探讨。胶州湾冬季异养浮游细菌数量的月变化与水温的变化趋势基本一致,分布特征为近岸高,离岸逐渐减少,最大值出现在湾东北部,为7.55×109个/dm3,最小值位于湾中央,为1.89×109个/dm3。水体PO3-,NO-和NH+等营养盐的分布同样具有近岸较高,离岸逐渐减少的特点,异养细菌数量分布与氨盐浓度呈高度显著性正相关,相关系数为0.73(P<0.01),与硝酸盐和磷酸盐浓度呈显著性正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.50和0.48(P≤0.05)。水温是影响胶州湾细菌季节变化的主要因素之一,冬季营养盐水平分布可能与异养浮游细菌矿化有机质产生营养盐有关。 相似文献
3.
2009年冬、夏季南海北部超微型浮游生物的分布特征及其环境相关分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2009年2月(冬季)和8月(夏季)在南海北部海域(nSCS)采用流式细胞术对聚球藻、原绿球藻、超微型光合真核生物3类超微型光合浮游生物和异养浮游细菌的丰度和碳生物量的时空分布特征进行了研究,并分析了其与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,夏季聚球藻和原绿球藻的平均丰度高于冬季,超微型光合真核生物和异养浮游细菌的丰度反之,为冬季高于夏季。聚球藻、超微型光合真核生物和异养浮游细菌在富营养的近岸陆架海域丰度较高,而原绿球藻高丰度则出现在陆坡开阔海域。在垂直分布上,聚球藻主要分布在跃层以上,跃层以下丰度迅速降低;原绿球藻高丰度主要出现在真光层底部;超微型光合真核生物在水层中的高值同样出现在真光层底部,且与Pico级份叶绿素a浓度分布一致;异养浮游细菌在水体中的分布与聚球藻类似。这些分布格局的差异,取决于环境条件的变化和4类超微型浮游生物生态生理适应性的差异。在超微型光合浮游生物群落中,各类群碳生物量的贡献因季节和海域类型的不同而发生变化:聚球藻在夏季近岸陆架区占超微型光合浮游生物总碳生物量的41%,原绿球藻在陆坡开阔海成为主要贡献者(50%),超微型光合真核生物碳生物量以冬季为高(在近岸陆架区占比68%)。冬、夏季异养浮游细菌碳生物量均高于超微型光合浮游生物碳生物量。 相似文献
4.
春秋季山东南部近岸浮游细菌生态分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别于2007年4月(春季)和10月(秋季),对山东南部近岸海域进行了现场调查,研究了该海区浮游细菌丰度、生物量分布特征,探讨了它们与温度、溶解氧(DO)、总氮(N)、总磷(P)、硝酸盐(NO-3)、铵盐(NH+2)及活性磷酸盐(PO4-P)的相关性.结果表明:浮游细菌生物量具有一定的时间、空间分布特征,春季浮游细菌丰度及生物量要高于秋季,2个季节近岸细菌数量高于远岸区域;浮游细菌丰度及生物量与温度、DO、总P、NO-3、NH+2及PO4-P均呈显著相关关系(P<0.01),表明上述因子可能是该海域浮游细菌数量分布的主要限制因子. 相似文献
5.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(10)
于2012年8月利用现场调查结合现场培养的方法研究了南海南部海域异养浮游细菌的生物量、呼吸速率、比生长速率和生长效率对外源营养物的响应。结果表明,南海南部海域异养细菌生物量低于北部海域;外源营养物可显著影响南海南部异养细菌生物量、比生长速率和细菌呼吸速率。在海盆区域S1站,异养细菌生长主要受DOC和氮限制,同时添加DOC、氮和磷会使细菌生物量、比生长速率和细菌呼吸速率明显增加;而在近海陆架S2站主要受磷限制,DOC和磷的添加会极大地促进异养细菌生长。分析发现,外源营养物在促进异养细菌生长的也同时也提高了异养细菌的物质转换效率,使异养细菌的异养程度进一步加大。 相似文献
6.
东海、黄海浮游病毒及异养细菌的分布研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用流式细胞仪对2009年春季东海、黄海浮游病毒和异养细菌的丰度进行了大尺度(119.5°—129°E, 25°—39°N)研究, 并分析了浮游病毒丰度、异养细菌丰度以及其与环境因子之间的相关性。结果表明, 研究海域浮游病毒、异养细菌的丰度范围分别为3.38×105—2.26×107个/mL(平均6.24×106个/mL)、5.83×103—1.23×106个/mL(平均1.22×105个/mL)。在水平分布上, 浮游病毒与异养细菌的变化趋势基本一致, 且均在山东半岛周边养殖海域、浙江东南沿海养殖区及舟山渔场北部形成明显的高值区; 黄海浮游病毒与异养细菌的丰度平均值均高于东海。在垂直分布上, 东海浮游病毒与异养细菌丰度值随水深呈明显下降趋势, 表层丰度值与30m以下各层差异显著(P<0.05); 在黄海, 二者丰度随水深降低趋势不明显。Pearson相关性分析显示: 调查海域浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌丰度显著正相关(r =0.288, P<0.01), 浮游病毒丰度与温度显著负相关(r = -0.243, P<0.05), 异养细菌丰度与盐度显著负相关(r = -0.245, P<0.05)。 相似文献
7.
渤海湾海域硝化、亚硝化细菌的生态研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
于2004年8月和10月对渤海湾海域进行了两次硝化菌群的生态学调查。结果显示,在渤海湾水体中,8月份硝化细菌的数量在(1.6~300)×104个/L之间,10月份硝化细菌的数量在(0.5~30)×104个/L之间;8月份亚硝化细菌的数量在(1.1~160)×104个/L之间,10月份亚硝化细菌的数量在(0.5~30)×104个/L之间。8月份硝化细菌与磷酸盐有高度明显的相关性(0.01水平),与氨氮、水温、溶氧量都有较明显的相关性(0.05水平);10月份细菌数仅与溶氧量有较明显的相关性(0.05水平)。8月份亚硝化细菌数与各环境因子相关性不明显;10月份亚硝化细菌数与磷酸盐、pH值及溶氧量的相关性都是在0.01水平上;而且与亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、氨氮有明显的相关性,都在0.05水平上。 相似文献
8.
粤东深澳湾养殖区域异养细菌和弧菌的动态分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
调查于2007年1月至2008年12月进行,对异养细菌和弧菌丰度的时间和空间分布开展了相关的研究,结果显示深澳养殖海湾水体中以上2种被调查菌类的丰度全年变化范围分别为1.20×105―1.27×108cfu·L-1和1.00×103―3.90×105cfu·L-1;底质中的丰度变化范围分别为2.73×104―4.06×107cfu·g-1和3.25×102―7.23×104cfu·g-1.从时间上来看,营养盐类与异养细菌的相关性要强于温度、盐度、pH值和溶氧等物理因素的相关性;而弧菌与物理因素的相关性要强于与营养盐类的相关性.从空间分布来看水体环境的变化要比底质的大,水体中经常出现异养细菌和弧菌丰度的剧烈变化,变化程度也远远高于底质中细菌的变化.而且不同的养殖活动也会很明显地影响异养细菌和弧菌的丰度:S3站位水体中异养细菌的丰度比底质中的高;S5站位的底质中异养细菌和弧菌的丰度都是较高的.龙须菜的养殖可以很明显地改善底质环境,特别是降低底质中对养殖和水质环境有很大负面影响的生物和非生物因子如硫化物和弧菌等. 相似文献
9.
秋季东、黄海异养细菌(Heterotrophic Bacteria)的分布特点 总被引：27，自引：1，他引：27
2000年10-11月,乘"北斗号"考察船进行秋季"东、黄海生态系统动力学与生物资源可持续利用"大面调查,研究秋季东、黄海异养细菌的分布.结果表明,异养细菌在黄海和东海的丰度分别在(2.37-13.33)×108 cell/L和(3.05-13.62)×108 cell/L之间.细菌丰度最高值出现在长江口附近,且断面E和断面F各站位的细菌丰度明显高于其他断面.异养细菌丰度大小以长江口为中心向外海依次递减.东、黄海水体异养细菌生物量分别在244.45-1812.90mgC/m2和100.60-940.87mgC/m2之间.东、黄海异养细菌丰度无显著差异,但是东海海域水体异养细菌生物量高于黄海海域.异养细菌空间分布与浮游植物叶绿素在东海有一定的相关性,黄海异养细菌与硝酸盐浓度的相关性极显著. 相似文献
10.
通过以海水养殖动物病原菌为靶细菌在象山港养殖水域成功诱导分离到各种蛭弧菌,开展了蛭弧菌、弧菌、异养细菌季节生态分布特征研究。研究结果表明,不同种类或同种不同菌株宿主所对应的敏感蛭弧菌数量呈现明显差异,付溶血弧菌敏感蛭弧菌检出率(数值)最高。同一宿主检测出的敏感蛭弧菌在近岸海水、池塘水及底泥中的分布呈现差异,其分布特征与异养细菌、弧菌的分布特征呈正相关。近岸海水中异养细菌和弧菌总数均高于塘内海水;虾塘表泥中异氧细菌和弧菌总数均高于近岸海水和池塘海水中细菌数量;夏季各种细菌数量最高,冬季最低。蛭弧菌的最适生长温度为25~30℃。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献