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1.
David Bukry 《Geo-Marine Letters》1981,1(1):57-63
Cretaceous silicoflagellate assemblages from Arctic Ocean USGS Core 437 showVallacerta siderea the most abundant species; most species ofLyramula disappear halfway up the core; onlyL. burchardae, n. sp., persists into the upper sections. These occurrences are untypical of the few documented Cretaceous assemblages from
other areas. A Campanian or Maestrichtian age is suggested by correlation, but the uniquely high abundance ofV. siderea and lack ofCorbisema suggests that a difference in both age and general environment could be involved. If Core 437 is latest Maestrichtian, then
the evidence from this core would constrain the timing of the ocean-freshening model for the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary
extinctions. 相似文献
2.
I. I. Mokhov M. G. Akperov V. E. Lagun E. I. Lutsenko 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2007,43(3):259-265
Characteristics of polar mesoscale cyclones (PMCs) over the North European Basin are analyzed using cloud cover distribution data for 1981–1995. Special features of the annual cycle and interannual variations in characteristics of Arctic mesocyclones with a spiral and comma-shaped cloud structure are discussed. Against the background of large interannual variations, no statistically significant trends were found in the characteristics of Arctic mesocyclones over the North European Basin in the late 20th century. It is shown that the cumulative frequency distribution of PMCs is well approximated by an exponential function in a size range for Arctic mesocyclones from 50 to 400 km. The applicability of the Weibull distribution as an approximation of the PMC size distribution of the number of cyclone days is analyzed. It is shown that the correspondence between the real distribution and the Weibull distribution became worse in the 1990s than in the 1980s, especially the first half of the 1980s. Much of this was due to an increased local maximum in the 1990s in the distribution of polar mesocyclones with diameters about 400 km. This local maximum was found for all types of mesoscale vortices and for all analyzed five-year subperiods during 1981–1995. A large discrepancy between the frequency distribution functions for PMCs depending on their diameters was shown to exist for different types of Arctic mesocyclones. 相似文献
3.
北极河流径流是北冰洋淡水的最大来源，其变化会对北冰洋中的诸多过程有重要影响。本文基于全球高分辨率海洋?海冰耦合模式的模拟结果，研究北冰洋温盐、海冰以及环流对北极河流径流的敏感性。通过对比有气候态北极河流径流输入的控制实验结果和径流完全关闭的敏感性实验结果，研究发现北极径流对北冰洋温度、盐度、海冰以及海洋环流等有显著的影响。关闭北极河流径流后，在河口附近的陆架上温度降低、盐度升高，且导致500 m深度处温度下降以及盐度升高；河口附近的陆架处，海冰密集度与海冰厚度增加。关闭北极河流径流也对北冰洋内的环流有影响:由于缺少来自欧亚大陆的北极径流的输入，穿极漂流与东格陵兰流流速减小且盐度增加；关闭北极径流导致近岸海表面高度降低，沿欧亚陆架的北冰洋边界流减弱，白令海入流增强。通过对比关闭北极径流实验与控制实验的温度和盐度剖面，发现关闭北极径流后大西洋层温度降低，各陆架海盐跃层的梯度减小，盐跃层厚度减小。 相似文献
4.
北极放大的时空变化特征及其与北极涛动的联系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The Arctic near-surface air temperatures are increasing more than twice as fast as the global average–a feature known as Arctic amplification(AA).A modified AA index is constructed in this paper to emphasize the contrast of warming rate between polar and mid-latitude regions,as well as the spatial and temporal characteristics of AA and their influence on atmospheric circulation over the Northern Hemisphere.Results show that AA has a pronounced annual cycle.The positive or negative phase activities are the strongest in autumn and winter,the weakest in summer.After experiencing a remarkable decadal shift from negative to positive phase in the early global warming hiatus period,the AA has entered into a state of being enlarged continuously,and the decadal regime shift of AA in about 2002 is affected mainly by decadal shift in autumn.In terms of spatial distribution,AA has maximum warming near the surface in almost all seasons except in summer.Poleward of 20°N,AA in autumn has a significant influence on the atmospheric circulation in the following winter.The reason may be that the autumn AA increases the amplitude of planetary waves,slows the wave speeds and weakens upper-level zonal winds through the thermal wind relation,thus influencing surface air temperature in the following winter.The AA correlates to negative phase of the Arctic oscillation(AO) and leads AO by 0–3 months within the period 1979–2002.However,weaker relationship between them is indistinctive after the decadal shift of AA. 相似文献
5.
I~IOXSea fog is a kind of dangerous weather. Chinese sea fog experts, Wang Binhua (1983),Hu Ruijin and Zhou Faxiu (1998) and Hu Jifu et al. (1996) studied sea fog rather Systematically. FOreign Experts also Paid great attention to sea fog. Ernlnons and Montgomery(1974), chipper (1994) and Rayrnond et al. (1989) have studied sea fog thorOUghly.HOwever, studies on Arctic sea ice have rarely been carried Out becauSe of the sever environment and less htnnan activity in the region. There … 相似文献
6.
Laura McFarlane Tranquilla April Hedd Chantelle Burke William A. Montevecchi Paul M. Regular Gregory J. Robertson Leslie Ann Stapleton Sabina I. Wilhelm David A. Fifield Alejandro D. Buren 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
Ocean climate change is having profound biological effects in polar regions. Such change can also have far-reaching downstream effects in sub-polar regions. This study documents an environmental relationship between High Arctic sea ice changes and mortality events of marine birds in Low Arctic coastal regions. During April 2007 and March 2009, hundreds of beached seabird carcasses and moribund seabirds were found along the east and northeast coasts of Newfoundland, Canada. These seabird “wrecks” (i.e. dead birds on beaches) coincided with a period of strong, persistent onshore winds and heavily-accumulated sea ice that blocked bays and trapped seabirds near beaches. Ninety-two percent of wreck seabirds were Thick-billed Murres (Uria lomvia). Body condition and demographic patterns of wreck murres were compared to Thick-billed Murres shot in the Newfoundland murre hunt. Average body and pectoral masses of wreck carcasses were 34% and 40% lighter (respectively) than shot murres, indicating that wreck birds had starved. The acute nature of each wreck suggested that starvation and associated hypothermia occurred within 2–3 days. In 2007, first-winter murres (77%) dominated the wreck. In 2009, there were more adults (78%), mostly females (66%). These results suggest that spatial and temporal segregation in ages and sexes can play a role in differential survival when stochastic weather conditions affect discrete areas where these groups aggregate. In wreck years, southward movement of Arctic sea ice to Low Arctic latitudes was later and blocked bays longer than in most other years. These inshore conditions corresponded with recent climate-driven changes in High Arctic ice break-up and ice extent; coupled with local weather conditions, these ice conditions appeared to be the key environmental features that precipitated the ice-associated seabird wrecks in the Low Arctic region. 相似文献
7.
Arctic climate changes and possible conditions of Arctic navigation in the 21st century 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Assessments of current and expected climatic changes in the Arctic Basin are obtained, including ice-cover characteristics
influencing the duration of the navigation season on the Northern Sea Route (NSR) along Eurasia and the Northwest Passage
(NWP) along North America. The ability of modern climate models to simulate the average duration of the navigation season
and its changes over recent decades is estimated. The duration of the navigation season for the NSR and NWP in the 21st century
is estimated using an ensemble of climate models. The assessments differ significantly for the NSR and NWP. Unlike the NSR,
the NWP reveals no large changes in the navigation season in the first 30 years of the 21st century. From the multimodel simulations,
the expected duration of the navigation period by the late 21st century will be approximately 3 to 6 months for the NSR and
2 to 4 months for the NWP under the moderate anthropogenic SRES-A1B scenario. 相似文献
9.
10.
LIU N KONG Bin LIN Lin HE Yan LIU Yanguang LIN Longshan ZHANG Tao CHEN Jianfang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(3):115-116
<正>Chinese seventh Arctic scientific expedition began from Shanghai on July 11,2016,journeying through the Bering Sea—Chukchi Sea—Canada Basin area—submarine plateau of the Chukchi Sea—high latitudes Arctic Ocean—Mendeleyev Ridge and covered more than 13 000 n mile in 78 days.The distance travelled in floating ice area is more than 2 800 n mile and the northernmost point of the 相似文献
11.
《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》1999,46(6-7):1023-1062
The main water transformations in the Arctic Mediterranean take place in the boundary current of Atlantic Water, which crosses the Greenland–Scotland ridge from the North Atlantic into the eastern Norwegian Sea. It enters and flows around the Arctic Ocean before it exits the Arctic Mediterranean as the East Greenland Current, primarily through Denmark Strait. On route, it experiences numerous branchings and mergings. By examining how the properties of this “circumpolar” boundary current evolve, it is possible to identify and describe the processes causing the water mass transformations in the Arctic Mediterranean. It is also possible to follow the Arctic Ocean deep waters as they spread into the Nordic Seas and eventually provide 40% of the overflow water supplying the North Atlantic Deep Water. 相似文献
12.
冰雪覆盖的北冰洋，在阻挡考察者数十年后，将成为最后一个被科学钻探组织征服的大盆地。对高纬度北极地区钻孔进行成功的再现将是可与人类登月相比拟的海洋盛事。仍覆盖着神秘面纱的这片冰冻的海洋，将是首次开展的综合大洋钻探计划(IODP)最先涉足的地方之一，将宣告科学探索新时代的到来。 相似文献
13.
The Arctic Ocean-Nordic Seas thermohaline system 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
14.
The results of satellite monitoring of the environmental state of impact Arctic regions subjected to heavy anthropogenic influence are given. We analyze arrays of vegetation indices and complex spectral transformations derived from processed long-term (1973–2013) satellite data for areas around the cities of Arkhangelsk and Zapolyarny (Murmansk oblast). These data have been used to evaluate the changes in the state of the environment and reveal areas of peak anthropogenic impacts causing significant morphologic changes in all kinds of geosystems and strongly affecting the Arctic natural ecosystems. We have identified the impact regions that are subjected to peak anthropogenic impact and found that these areas are associated with specific industrial facilities. 相似文献
15.
Dominant climate factors influencing the Arctic runoff and association between the Arctic runoff and sea ice 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了星载雷达波谱仪的观测原理及误差分析模型,并在Hauser等提出的SWIM(sea wave investigation and monitoring by satellite)的基础上分析了波谱仪反演海浪谱的波长分辨率和角度分辨率。为了减小反演调制谱的波动,在数据处理过程中时域和波数域相邻单元的平均个数分别为10和8个。系统在不同的模式下工作,为了获取20°的角度分辨率,对调制谱平均次数分别取3次(模式1)、7次(模式2)、10次(模式3)。使用解析法和仿真法分析了SWIM工作在模式2时海浪谱观测的能量误差,两种方法的结果一致。对于给定的海浪条件,能量误差小于20%。 相似文献
16.
By using the Arctic runoff data from R-ArcticNET V4.0 and ArcticRIMS, trends of four major rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean, whose climate factor plays an important role in determining the variability of the Arctic runoff, are investigated. The results show that for the past 30 years, the trend of the Arctic runoff is seasonally dependent. There is a significant trend in spring and winter and a significant decreasing trend in summer, leading to the reduced seasonal cycle. In spring, surface air temperature is the dominant factor influencing the four rivers. In summer, precipitation is the most important factor for Lena and Mackenzie, while snow cover is the most important factor for Yenisei and Ob. For Mackenzie, atmospheric circulation does play an important role for all the seasons, which is not the case for the Eurasian rivers. The authors further discuss the relationships between the Arctic runoff and sea ice. Significant negative correlation is found at the mouth of the rivers into the Arctic Ocean in spring, while significant positive correlation is observed just at the north of the mouths of the rivers into the Arctic in summer. In addition, each river has different relationship with sea ice in the eastern Greenland Sea. 相似文献
17.
Short-lived halocarbons were measured in Arctic sea–ice brine, seawater and air above the Greenland and Norwegian seas (~81°N, 2–5°E) in mid-summer, from a melting ice floe at the edge of the ice pack. In the ice floe, concentrations of C2H5I, 2-C3H7I and CH2Br2 showed significant enhancement in the sea ice brine, of average factors of 1.7, 1.4 and 2.5 times respectively, compared to the water underneath and after normalising to brine volume. Concentrations of mono-iodocarbons in air are the highest ever reported, and our calculations suggest increased fluxes of halocarbons to the atmosphere may result from their sea–ice enhancement. Some halocarbons were also measured in ice of the sub-Arctic in Hudson Bay (~55°N, 77°W) in early spring, ice that was thicker, colder and less porous than the Arctic ice in summer, and in which the halocarbons were concentrated to values over 10 times larger than in the Arctic ice when normalised to brine volume. Concentrations in the Arctic ice were similar to those in Antarctic sea ice that was similarly warm and porous. As climate warms and Arctic sea ice becomes more like that of the Antarctic, our results lead us to expect the production of iodocarbons and so of reactive iodine gases to increase. 相似文献
18.
Typification of the northern coasts of Russia is performed. The spatial distribution and quantitative relations of different types of coasts along the entire Russian Arctic seaside are considered. The types of coasts cover the situation existing over the entire World Ocean. A short-term forecast of the evolution of different coast types under the conditions of climate changes is formulated. 相似文献
19.
《Marine Geodesy》2012,35(1):23-43
AbstractRemote sensing is becoming common in the estimation of bathymetry for navigational charting through a process known as Satellite Derived Bathymetry (SDB). Most SDB techniques currently used by hydrographic offices employ an empirical approach, requiring the use of in-situ data to calibrate a relationship between spectral information and coincident depths. This article reports on a multi-site test of an alternative SDB method which uses photogrammetry to extract depths from stereo WorldView-2 imagery. In areas with heterogeneous seafloors, the empirical approach faces difficulties in establishing the relationship between colour and depth, while the photogrammetric approach uses the contrasting seafloor features for triangulation. Additionally, the photogrammetric method may be applied in areas lacking previous survey data. Five study areas in Nunavut, Canada were selected to test the robustness of the method in different environments and under different imaging conditions. Study areas were (with resulting RMSE/Bias given in metres) Coral Harbour (0.84/?0.47), Cambridge Bay (1.16/?0.15), Queen Maud Gulf (0.97/0.06), Arviat (0.99/?0.009), and Frobisher Bay, where extraction largely failed due to environmental conditions. Accuracies demonstrated here are similar to those seen using the empirical approach, suggesting that these two methods may be used in conjunction, each applied to regions where they are better suited. 相似文献
20.
北极海冰变化特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文利用NASA的海冰密集度资料(时间为1978年10月～2002年9月,分辨率为1.0×0.25),计算并分析了1978～2002年的北极海冰面积、范围的时间变化趋势以及变化的空间分布。 相似文献