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为了获取准确的海冰信息，利用高空间分辨率和高时间分辨率数据相结合的方法来测算海冰面积，在假设TM海冰面积是比较准确的前提下，用TM海冰面积来订正MODIS和NOAA／AVHRR海冰面积，以提高这两种高时间分辨率遥感资料对海冰面积的判别精度。选取2003年2月5日的TM、MODIS和NOAA／AVHRR数据，在这3个图像上分别选择20个样本，然后进行了海冰面积的线性回归分析，得到的海冰面积提取订正模型。并分别以此两种模型为基础，对2002年12月8日至2003年2月26日和2005年2月1日至2月11日冬季渤海海冰面积进行修正，并将由MODIS和NOAA／AVHRR提取的海冰面积、用模型订正后和国家海洋环境预报中心给出的海冰面积做了详细的比较。结果表明：线性回归可以提高海冰信息的提取精度。此研究为海冰防灾减灾和海冰资源量估算提供依据。 相似文献
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卫星记录以来,南极海冰范围发生5次快速下降事件,研究这5次事件的时空特征,对进一步认识海冰快速下降事件的物理机制具有重要意义。基于海冰范围和海冰密集度的卫星数据,从时间和空间两个维度总结5次南极海冰快速下降事件的特征,再结合大气和海洋各项环境因素的再分析数据,探讨海冰快速下降的影响因素及其驱动过程。结果显示:南极海冰快速下降的空间分布存在季节性差异, 2021年8～12月以及2016年8～12月的春季南极海冰快速下降由别林斯高晋海、威德尔海、印度洋和西太平洋区域的海冰减少所主导; 2010年12月至2011年4月以及1985年12月至1986年4月的夏季南极海冰快速下降由威德尔海、罗斯海沿岸和西太平洋区域的海冰减少所主导;2008年4～8月的冬季南极海冰快速下降则由别林斯高晋海和西太平洋的部分区域的海冰减少所主导。探究影响海冰的环境因素发现,海表面温度和海表面净热通量对海冰减少的热力效应影响具有区域性差异。此外,南极海冰快速下降受阿蒙森低压的影响,相应的海表面风异常既通过经向热输运的热力效应导致海冰减少,也通过风的动力效应驱动海冰漂移使得海冰密集度降低。 相似文献
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北极气候系统正在发生显著变化,其中,海冰面积和厚度的减小是其最主要的特征.楚科奇海是海冰面积变化最有代表性的区域.文章利用积累了9a的高分辨率海冰分布数据研究海冰面积的多年变化特征.结果表明,各年的冰情有显著的季节内变化,海冰面积距平曲线体现了不同时期海冰面积变化的动态过程.在1997~2005年间,楚科奇海海冰面积经历了轻(1997年)-重(2000~2001年)-轻(2002~2005年)的变化过程.9a的数据总体上体现了海冰面积减小的趋势,2005年的冰情呈现了历史新低.每年融冰期的长短与冰情轻重有密切的关系,冰轻年份融冰开始时间早,冻结结束时间晚.各年海冰面积最小值发生在9月下旬至10月初,各个年份海冰最小面积差别很大.有的年份只有4%,而重冰年可以大于50%.文章采用4个重要参数表达海冰多年变化.其中海冰面积指数反映了当年总体平均的海冰面积距平;海冰最小面积反映了融冰期海冰的极限情况;上一个冬季的气温积温也与翌年海冰面积有良好的关联;分析了风场对海冰的影响,表明风场在融冰期能够在短时间内改变海冰的覆盖面积. 相似文献
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利用NASA的北极海冰密集度资料(分辨率1.0°×0.25°,时间1979.10-2002.8)对冬季(12-2月)鄂霍次克海到白令海(42°-66°N、131°-158°W)的海冰场进行EOF分解,得到特征向量的空间分布及时间系数.利用NCEP再分析月资料(分辨率2.5°×2.5°,时间1979-2002年),采用合成分析的方法,分别对该区域海冰分布第一特征向量时间系数超过+0.5和低于-0.5年份做冬季500hPa高度、l000hPa高度、1000hPa气温的合成距平场.分析结果表明该区域的海冰分布与北半球中高纬度的大气环流和气温有显著的关系,同一模态下的海冰分布反位相时对应的大气状况也有明显的相反趋势. 相似文献
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北极冬季季节性海冰双模态特征分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
近年来北极海冰快速变化,北极中央区边缘正由以多年冰为主转为季节性海冰为主。通过对北极冬季季节性海冰的EOF分解发现,2002-2012年期间北极季节性海冰变化的前两模态主要体现为2005年和2007年的季节性海冰距平。其中第二模态主要体现了北极海冰在2005年的一种极端变化,而第一模态不仅体现了北极海冰在2007年的变化,还体现了北极季节性海冰的从负位相到正位相的转变。通过比较发现,在研究时段北极季节性海冰最主要的变化发生在北极太平洋扇区,在2007年,冬季季节性海冰距平发生位相转变,2007-2010年一直维持正位相,北极太平洋扇区冬季季节性海冰保持显著正距平。太平洋扇区表面温度最大异常也发生在2007年,从大气环流来看,2007年之后波弗特海区异常高压有利于夏季太平洋扇区海冰的减少,而西风急流的减弱有利于夏季波弗特海区异常高压的维持,结合夏季海冰速度,顺时针的冰速分布有利于海冰离开太平洋扇区,因而会导致冬季太平洋扇区季节性海冰转为正距平并且从2007年一直维持到2010年。 相似文献
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《海洋预报》2018,(6)
评估了我国自主研发的海洋二号卫星(HY-2)海冰密集度产品在北极地区的适用性。与8种国际同类产品相比,HY-2产品的分辨率为25 km,属于低分辨率产品。HY-2产品2012年夏季的空间分布特征和其他产品差别不大,但在低密集度冰区和边缘区域的差异可达0.15～0.25。HY-2产品可以反映2012年7—10月海冰面积先减小后增大的规律,但最小海冰范围的出现时间比其他产品偏早,且平均值偏小。利用北极海冰数值预报系统进行的同化试验显示,HY-2产品可以有效改善海冰密集度的模拟结果,将平均偏差从控制试验的0.18～0.24减小为同化试验的0.05～0.08,改善效果和国际认可和常用的AMSR2/ASI产品相当。 相似文献
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在回顾海冰监测研究进展及其存在问题的基础上,提出基于卫星遥感资料获取海冰面积的重要性,以第四代可视化计算机语言IDL和MapBasic语言为工具研制并开发了海冰面积信息提取监测系统.整个系统由解译系统和统计分析系统两部分组成.利用1996-2005年渤海NOAA/AVHRR数据和MODIS数据,在该系统的支持下进行了海冰面积信息的提取实例,得到渤海海冰面积解译图和面积数值统计表,结果表明:1996年至2005年,渤海海冰面积(相对最大面积)的变化范围为6 173.34～36 928.00 km2,其中1999年海冰面积最小,2001年海冰面积最大.该系统可为海冰资源的开发利用及海冰监测等工作提供帮助. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献