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1.
Solić M Krstulović N Vilibić I Kuspilić G Sestanović S Santić D Ordulj M 《Marine environmental research》2008,65(5):388-404
Month-to-month fluctuations in the abundance of bacteria and heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) and bacterial production, as well as various chemical (nutrients, oxygen) and physical (salinity, temperature) parameters were analysed at a station located in the open middle Adriatic Sea during one decade (1997-2006). Being influenced by both coastal waters and open Adriatic circulation in the surface layer, and by the deep Adriatic water masses in the deep layers (100 m), this station is quite suitable for detecting the environmental changes occurring in the open Adriatic Sea with respect to the circulation of its water masses and their long-term changes and anomalies. Multivariate methods were used to identify seasonal and inter-annual changes of the investigated parameters, associating observed changes to the changes in Adriatic water masses and circulation regimes. The analyses showed that bacterial abundance and production were controlled by different water mass dynamics during 1997-2001 compared to 2002-2006 period, particularly noticeable in different seasonal patterns of biological parameters. The interplay between North Adriatic Dense Water (NAdDW) and Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) resulted in a change in the available nutrients (NAdDW is poor in orthophosphates), and as a consequence different bacterial abundance and production. A few periods were examined in detail, such as 2004, when LIW inflow was particularly strong and was accompanied by an increase of bacterial and HNF abundances, as well as of bacterial production. 相似文献
2.
Seasonal changes in abundance, growth and mortality of heterotrophic bacteria were investigated monthly from collections and
dilution experiments in Kagoshima Bay, the southernmost of Japan. Bacteria occurred abundantly with considerable variation
in the surface layers where chlorophyll a concentrations were high, whereas seasonal variations were obscure below 100 m. Especially, bacteria showed a decline of
cell density toward summer when heterotrophic nano-flagellates increased their abundance. Seasonal and vertical variations
in bacterial cell number during the study period were positively correlated with those of water temperature and pico-sized
chlorophyll a concentration. Maximum growth and mortality rates showed positive correlations with water temperature but no positive relationships
to size-fractionated chlorophyll a. Net increase rate (i.e. in situ rate if abundance changes) was negatively correlated with cell density of heterotrophic nano-flagellates. It is concluded
that bacterial abundance is controlled by the resultant (i.e. net growth rate) of the balance between maximum growth and predatory
mortality by heterotrophic nano-flagelllates which are both dependent on ambient temperature. 相似文献
3.
N. D. Romanova Yu. A. Mazei D. V. Tikhonenkov A. F. Sazhin A. I. Azovsky 《Oceanology》2013,53(3):334-344
The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the heterotrophic microbial communities (bacteria, flagellates, and ciliates) in the thin water-sediment layer in the Kara Sea are analyzed. The bacterial abundance correlated with the concentration of organic matter, whereas their size depended on the abundance of heterotrophic flagellates. The number of species of heterotrophic flagellates increased with the increase in the bacterial number. A positive relationship between the bacterial abundance and the ration of heterotrophic flagellates was observed at the offshore stations, probably due to the grazing pressure. The density of the ciliates on the soft silty and sandy-silty sediments was extremely low. The share of upstream filter feeding ciliate species increased with the increase in the abundance of the flagellates, probably due to the shift to less selective feeding strategies at higher values of the food concentrations. The classification of the heterotrophic microbial communities in the surface sediment layer has revealed two distinct types of the communities. The river communities are rich in species and are characterized by the high abundance of microorganisms. They are gradually replaced by marine communities at the salinity of 9%. 相似文献
4.
This study aimed to clarify the vertical differences in bacterial growth and grazing pressure on bacteria by heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) and to identify the controlling factors of bacterial growth in temperate coastal waters of Sagami Bay, Japan. In addition to environmental factors, the annual monthly variations in bacterial growth rate (BGR) and the relative abundance of bacteria to HNF (BA/HNFA) were investigated in the euphotic and disphotic layers between May 2012 and May 2013. Significant vertical differences in BGR and BA/HNFA were evident between the two layers during the thermal stratification times of May to October 2012 and April to May 2013. BGR indicated significantly stronger limitation of bacterial growth in the euphotic layer compared to the disphotic layer. In contrast, significantly lower BA/HNFA was observed in the euphotic layer, suggesting significantly higher grazing pressure on bacteria by HNF. However, significant differences in BGR and BA/HNFA were not observed between the two layers from November 2012 to Match 2013, when the water column was well-mixed vertically due to the cooling and wind-induced mixing of surface water. This study indicates that bacteria in the euphotic layer grow less actively and are more vulnerable to predatory grazing by HNF relative to the disphotic layer during the stratification period. Further, multiple regression analyses indicate that bacterial growth was most controlled by the concentrations of chlorophyll a and dissolved organic carbon in the euphotic and disphotic layers, respectively. 相似文献
5.
A study was carried out to investigate the grazing pressure of heterotrophic nanoflagellates(HNF) on bacteria assemblages in the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM) area in October, 2006. The results show that the HNF abundance ranges from 303 to 1 388 mL-1, with a mean of 884 mL-1. The HNF biomass is equivalent to 10.6%–115.6% of that of the bacteria. The maximum abundance of the HNF generally occurred in the upper 30 m water layer, with a vertical distribution pattern of surface layer abundance greater than middle layer abundance, then bottom layer abundance. The hydrological data show that the YSCWM is located in the northeastern part of the study area, typically 40 m beneath the surface. A weak correlation is found between the abundances of HNF and bacteria in both the YSCWM and its above water layer. One-way ANOVA analysis reveals that the abundance of HNF and bacteria differs between inside the YSCWM and in the above water mass. The ingestion rates of the HNF on bacteria was 8.02±3.43 h-1 in average. The grazing rate only represented 22.75%±6.91% of bacterial biomass or 6.55%+4.24% of bacterial production, implying that the HNF grazing was not the major factor contributing to the bacterial loss in the YSCWM areas. 相似文献
6.
北部湾北部海域水体异养细菌的时空分布特征研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探讨环境因素对异养细菌丰度的影响，2016年9月至2017年8月通过月度航次调查对北部湾北部海域异养细菌丰度的时空分布特征进行了系统研究。结果表明，调查海区异养细菌丰度介于（2.75~56.86）×105 cell/mL，平均值为（11.01±6.31）×105 cell/mL。各季节细菌丰度从高至低依次为:夏季、春季、冬季、秋季。异养细菌丰度由近岸海域向西南深水区方向逐渐降低，在近岸浅水区垂直分布均匀，在水深大于20 m的海区出现季节性分层现象:表层细菌丰度较高，底层细菌丰度较低。主成分分析显示温度对异养细菌时空分布有重要影响，秋、冬季异养细菌丰度与温度呈显著负相关，在春、夏季呈显著正相关。细菌丰度与盐度呈显著负相关，说明海水盐度变化是细菌时空分布重要影响因素。异养细菌丰度与叶绿素a和溶解氧含量呈显著正相关，表明浮游植物初级生产过程影响了异养细菌的时空分布。在秋、冬和春3季异养细菌丰度与营养盐水平呈显著负相关，二者关系受浮游植物生物量间接影响。异养细菌时空分布差异取决于环境条件的变化，温度、盐度、叶绿素a和溶解氧含量是影响异养细菌丰度分布的主要因素。 相似文献
7.
《Marine Chemistry》2005,93(1):1-19
To examine microbially mediated degradation of algal fatty acids in marine environments, we conducted a series of microcosm experiments by incubating Emiliania huxleyi cells in simulated oxic/anoxic sediment–water interface systems. Variations in concentration of fatty acids, lipid-degrading enzyme (lipase) activity, and bacterial abundance over 2-month incubations were followed to determine degradation rate constants of major algal fatty acids and responses of bacteria. In the cell-spiked experiments, fatty acids bound in the membrane and intracellular components were separated to examine effects of structural association of fatty acids on their degradation. Experimental results showed that algal fatty acids generally degraded faster (2–4×) under oxic than under anoxic conditions. Most membrane fatty acids seemed to more readily degrade than intracellular ones under anoxic conditions but the two classes degraded at similar rates under oxic conditions. Ratios of oxic to anoxic degradation rate constants were generally higher for intracellular fatty acids than for membrane fatty acids, implying that oxygen might play a more critical role in intracellular fatty acid degradation. Most algal fatty acids degraded almost completely under oxic conditions while a significant fraction (10–40%) of initially added algal fatty acids remained after 2 months under anoxic conditions. By contrast, variations in bacterial abundance during incubations were apparently greater under anoxic conditions compared to oxic conditions, suggesting that the function and relative effectiveness of aerobic vs. anaerobic bacteria rather than total bacterial abundance control biochemical degradation of algal fatty acids. Variations in potential lipase activity followed the same pattern as bacterial abundance in oxic and anoxic systems, indicating that bacteria might be a major source for lipase in these experimental systems. Bacteria-specific fatty acids varied differently during incubations and were not directly linked to bacterial abundance. 相似文献
8.
To investigate the seasonal variation and community structure of nano- and microzooplankton in Gyeonggi Bay of the Yellow Sea, the abundance and carbon biomass of nano- and microzooplankton were evaluated at 10-day intervals from January 1997 to December 1999. Four major groups of nano- and microzooplankton communities were classified: heterotrophic ciliates, heterotrophic dinoflagellates (HDF), heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF), and copepod nauplii. The total carbon biomass of nano- and microzooplankton ranged from 10.2 to 168.8 μg C L−1 and was highest during or after phytoplankton blooms. Nano- and microzooplankton communities were composed of heterotrophic ciliates (7.4–81.4%; average 41.7% of total biomass), HDF (0.1–70.3%; average 26.1% of total biomass), copepod nauplii (1.6–70.6%; average 20.7% of total biomass), and HNF (0.8–59.5%; average 11.5% of total biomass). The relative contribution of individual components in the nano- and microzooplankton communities appeared to differ by seasons. Ciliates accounted for the most major component of nano- and microzooplankton communities, except during summer and phytoplankton blooming seasons, whereas HDF were more dominant during the phytoplankton blooming seasons. The abundance and biomass of nano- and microzooplankton generally followed the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton. The size and community distribution of nano- and microzooplankton was positively correlated with size-fractionated phytoplankton. The carbon requirement of microzooplankton ranged from 60 to 83% of daily primary production, and was relatively high when phytoplankton biomass was high. Therefore, our result suggests that the seasonal variation in the community and size composition of nano- and microzooplankton appears to be primarily governed by phytoplankton size and concentration as a food source, and their abundance may greatly affect trophic dynamics by controlling the seasonal abundance of phytoplankton. 相似文献
9.
珠江口异养细菌时空分布特征及其调控机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
河口是海陆相互作用的重要地带, 往往呈现出独特的生物地球化学过程, 是研究碳循环过程的重要场所。在春季(2015年5月)、夏季(2015年8月)和冬季(2016年1月)分别对珠江口海域异养附生细菌和游离细菌时空分布及其各自高核酸(HNA)、低核酸(LNA)类群的相对贡献进行了调查研究, 并对其调控因子进行了相应探讨。结果表明, 珠江口异养细菌分布具有明显的时空差异。空间分布上, 珠江口异养细菌丰度自河口上游至下游呈递减趋势, 主要与上游污水输入以及珠江径流与高盐外海水在河口内的混合有关; 在雨季, 河口中下游盐度锋面区出现异养细菌丰度和叶绿素a质量浓度的高值区, 锋面区使营养物质停留时间增加, 促进浮游生物生长。垂直方向上, 表层异养细菌丰度略高于底层。时间尺度上, 异养细菌总丰度在春季最高(表层均值为2.94±1.23×109个 •L-1, 底层为2.81±1.50×109个 •L-1), 夏季次之(表层均值为2.32±0.43×109个 •L-1, 底层为1.90±0.50×109个 •L-1), 冬季最低(表层均值为1.06±0.33×109个 •L-1, 底层为9.76± 3.44×108个 •L-1)。珠江口海域异养细菌以附生细菌为主, 占异养细菌总丰度的16.56%~96.19%, 整体分布较稳定, 冬季最高(平均78.65%)、夏季(70.32%)与春季相近(68.17%)。附生细菌以代谢活跃的HNA类群为主, 游离细菌则主要以LNA类群为主, 代谢活性整体相对较低。 相似文献
10.
常规异养细菌监测方法精度高但费时费力且不能连续观测, 而卫星遥感成本低、可以大面积同步、长时间周期观测, 可与常规方法互补。文章利用南海北部10个航次采集的表层异养细菌丰度和卫星遥感反射率, 采用统计回归的方法建立了异养细菌丰度的遥感模型, 其模型决定系数为0.81, 均方根误差为2.44×108个·L-1, 平均相对误差为21%, 具有较好表现。利用该模型估算南海北部表层异养细菌丰度, 结果显示: 从珠江河口到南海北部开阔海域, 异养细菌丰度逐渐减小。夏季河口地区平均异养细菌丰度最高, 春季最低; 近岸海域靠近珠江河口西侧的平均异养细菌丰度高于东侧; 冬季陆架地区平均异养细菌丰度最高, 夏季最低; 开阔海域的异养细菌丰度变化幅度较小。 相似文献
11.
1Introduction Heterotrophicmicrobesarenowconsideredtobe significantcomponentsofthestructureandfunctionof marinepelagicecosystems.Heterotrophicbacteriacon- stituteamajorpoolofbiomassinopenecosystem (WilhelmandSuttle,1999).Theyconsumealargepor- tionofprimaryproduction(Li,1998;Sherryetal., 2002;Lietal.,2004),andtheymineralizemostofthe dissolvedorganiccarbonthattheyconsume(Azamet al.,1983;Richetal.,1997;Azam,1998).Therolesof planktonicprotists,suchasheterotrophicflagellates andciliates,inmicro… 相似文献
12.
《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2010,57(15):1336-1345
Observations of the ultraplankton (<5 μm) are presented from a 4 day mesoscale survey centred on the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP) study site (49°00’N 16°30’W), in July 2006. The organisms enumerated include two groups of phytoplankton, Synechococcus cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, large viruses, and two size classes of heterotrophic protist. The dataset comprises over 400 samples from the mixed layer taken over a 100 × 100 km2 area at a spatial resolution of typically 2-3 km.For phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria there is a clear bimodal structure to the histograms of abundance indicative of two distinct communities in the region. Using the strong bimodality of one of the phytoplankton groups’ histogram as a basis, the dataset is split into two subsets, with roughly 200 points in each, corresponding to the two histogram peaks. Doing so provides evidence that Synechococcus and viruses may also have a bimodal structure. Correlations between all pairings of these five organisms (both phytoplankton groups, Synechococcus, heterotrophic bacteria and viruses) are positive and quite high (r>0.7). The two communities can therefore be characterised as high and low abundance. Although there is a coincidence of low abundances with high temperatures in the southwest corner of the region, where there was known to be an eddy present, the spatial distributions of these organisms over the whole region is poorly predicted by temperature (or salinity or density). Furthermore, the spatial distributions of heterotrophic protists are found to differ strongly from those of the other organisms, having a unimodal structure and no obvious large scale structure. The more random structure of the heterotrophs’ spatial distribution compared to their prey is consistent with previous results from the continental shelf, but is demonstrated for the open ocean here for the first time.Spatial variability is a large potential source of error in point samples, such as those comprising time series or transect cruises, unless a sufficient number of samples are taken. This large dataset is further used to provide guidance on the number of samples that would be required to estimate the mean abundance for the organisms accurately in this spatially variable region. Even if the bimodal structure was known initially, many of the organisms would require 10 or more samples to estimate the mean with 25% accuracy. 相似文献
13.
The analysis of 103 samples collected quantitatively from the southern Taiwan Strait (22°4'-24°3'N, 117°5'-119°9'E), China, in August 1997 indicates that the abundance of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) ranges from 391 to 1 846 ×103 cell/dm3, with an average of 949 × 103 cell/dm3, and 96.2% of cells are in size of 2-22 μm in all HNF met in the samples. The HNF cells are 9.83-45.79 μg/dm3 after conversion from cell number to carbon content, with an average of 22.82 μg/dm3 . The HNF abundance is relatively low in comparison with other areas. The nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients of the water are lower than previous investigations, which may be caused by the El Nino. The biomass of HNF is higher in southern waters, where cell concentration is 3-5 folds higher than that in other waters, and nearly 2-fold as high as the average of the investigated areas. The HNF is mainly habitat in 0-30 m water layer. Both horizontal and vertical HNF distribution must be influenced by hy-drographical dynamic pro 相似文献
14.
Heterotrophic bacteria in the northern Adriatic Sea: seasonal changes and ectoenzyme profile 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A seasonal study of the quantitative and qualitative distribution of heterotrophic bacterial community was carried out in the Adriatic Sea between April 1995 and January 1996, in order to evaluate its spatial and temporal variability and metabolic potential in the degradation processes of organic matter. The culturable bacteria (CFU) ranged between 0.1 and 22% of total bacterioplankton with a maximum percentage in surface samples of coastal zones. Their distribution was generally affected by the prevailing hydrological conditions. At the coastal stations about 44-75% of CFU variance could be explained by river runoff. The changes in the composition of heterotrophic bacterial community showed a seasonal succession of main bacterial groups, with a prevalence of Gram negative, non fermenting bacteria in the cold period (April-January) and an increase of Vibrionaccae and pigmented bacteria in summer. The seasonal variations were more important at the stations influenced by rivers than offshore. The bacterial community showed a greater versatility for organic polymers hydrolysis in the offshore station than in the coastal areas. Over 60% of all isolated heterotrophic bacteria expressed peptidase, lipase and phosphatase ectoenzymes activities, in all seasons and showed an increasing trend in warm period (in July October). The alpha- and beta-glucosidase potentials of bacteria were lower (20% on average) and showed different pattern during the year. These results suggest different role of the bacterial community in the decomposition of organic matter in the Adriatic Sea. Since only 20% of bacterial strains expressed glucosidase activity, carbohydrate-rich polymers such as mucilage might accumulate. 相似文献
15.
16.
- Abundance of total bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, coliform and oil degradable bacteria and their relations with salinity and suspended matter in the frontal waters in the Hangzhou Bay are described. The results obtained show that the highest abundances of total bacteria , heterotrophic bacteria are encountered around the front and near the northern shore of the Hangzhou Bay, where a positive correlation ( r =0. 70) between the total bacteria abundance and the total suspended matter (TSM) is persent. Moreover,the abundance of oil degradable bacteria being an indicator of oil pollution, is also high in that region. 相似文献
17.
国内外关于好氧不产氧光合异养细菌(AAPB)和上升流之间关系的研究甚少。本文采用“基于蓝细菌校正的时序红外显微技术”研究了台湾海峡南部近岸上升流中心区AAPB对上升流变化的响应。研究结果发现,在上升流涌升的初始阶段,AAPB和总异养细菌丰度较低;随着上升流的发展,两者丰度均增加并在上升流的成熟期达到最高值;而当上升流衰退时,AAPB和总异养细菌丰度开始下降。在上升流发展过程中,AAPB丰度与叶绿素a浓度在一定范围内呈显著正相关,但同时受环境低磷浓度的限制,总异养细菌丰度与氮、磷、硅营养盐均有显著正相关,表明叶绿素a指示的浮游植物所释放的溶解有机碳和环境中的磷限制可能对AAPB起着更为直接和重要的作用,而营养盐则可能在总异养细菌对上升流的响应中起着重要作用。本研究有助于我们理解AAPB在碳及其他生源要素循环中的作用及其调控机制。 相似文献
18.
河口区海域是河川径流与海水交汇混合的地带，水环境各要素的变化相当复杂，构成了一个特殊的生态系统。
河口水的盐度因径流量的变化和潮汐的作用而具明显的季节变化和日变化。丰富的有机碎屑和各种营养物质随着河川径流不断地汇入河口水域，为浮游生物的大量繁殖提供了有利条件，使河口海域成为不同营养级生物生产过程极其强盛的区域；同时，大量有机碎屑和生物尸体的存在也使得河口海域微生物的生命活动异常活跃。
然而另一方面，随着近代工业的发展，城市规模的扩大，注入河口水域的工业废水和生活污水不断增多，对河口生态系统形成了与日俱增的威胁和冲击。海河口区就是其中比较突出的一个。
尽管近年来，对区域性海洋异养细菌的生态分布的调查研究国内外已有不少报道(陈騳、钱振儒等， 1982 ；张景镛、李士荣等， 1984; Ishida， Y. & H. Kadota,. 1974; Austin, B.& S. Garges et al., 1979; Simida, U., N. Taga et al., 1980; Sugita, H., H. Tanami et al., 1981; Simida, U., K. Tsukamoto et al., 1982; Sugahara, L, L. C. Lim et al., 1984)，但是有关河口水域海洋异养细菌的生态分布及其菌群组成特点的调查研究报告，在国内则尚未见到。
调查了解海河口区有机污染水域中海洋异养细菌的分布规律和菌群的组成特点，不仅有助于阐明富营养化与海洋微生物间的关系，而且对于河口生态系统的深人研究也是有意义的。 相似文献
19.
Christine Dupuy Agathe Talarmin Hans J. Hartmann Daniel Delmas C. Courties Elise Marquis 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
In order to investigate the parameters controlling the heterotrophic protists (nano-microzooplankton) on the continental shelf of the southern Bay of Biscay, plankton communities and their physico-chemical environment were studied 4 times in February, April, June and September–October 2004 at three stations in the euphotic zone in the Bay of Biscay. The abundance and carbon biomass of heterotrophic protists (ciliates, heterotrophic dinoflagellates and nanoflagellates) as well as all the others groups of plankton (picoplankton, nanophytoplankton, diatoms, autotrophic dinoflagellates, metazoan microzooplankton and mesozooplankton), the environmental parameters and the primary and bacteria production were evaluated at each sampling period. Microzooplankton grazing experiments were undertaken at the same time. Ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates accounted for the main major component of nano- and microzooplankton communities in term of biomass. The total carbon biomass of heterotrophic protists was highest in spring and lowest at the end of summer. The development of heterotrophic protists started after a winter microphytoplankton bloom (principally large diatoms), the biomass was lower in June and was low in September (through inappropriate prey). The carbon requirement of microzooplankton ranged from 50 to more than 100% of daily primary, bacterial and nanoflagellate production. The heterotrophic protist community was predominantly constrained by bottom-up control in spring and at the end of summer via food availability and quality. 相似文献
20.
Licciano M Terlizzi A Giangrande A Cavallo RA Stabili L 《Marine environmental research》2007,64(4):504-513
The present study investigates the effect of the filtering activity of Sabella spallanzanii on the culturable heterotrophic bacterial community through the comparison of the bacterial diversity in transplanted polychaetes and the surrounding seawater. For isolation of culturable heterotrophic bacteria, seawater samples as well as polychaete homogenates were plated in triplicates onto Bacto Marine Agar 2216 (Difco). All the colonies grown were isolated, subcultured and identified by several morphological, biochemical and cultural methods. Some bacterial genera showed higher average abundances in polychaetes than in seawater (i.e. Lucibacterium and Photobacterium). Aeromonas represented a conspicuous component of the bacterial community both in S. spallanzanii and seawater. The presence of Cytophaga and Pseudomonas was also relevant in the examined seawater samples. The selective concentrations of some bacterial genera inside S. spallanzanii either by grazing on bacteria or their capability as bacterial reservoirs, provides evidence for the role of macrobenthic invertebrates as key determinants for microbial diversity. 相似文献