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以载人深潜器的各种水动力参数和实际尺寸为基础,根据几何空间坐标方程建立了其运动学模型,采用MultiGen公司的Creator建模工具和Vega视景环境完成了在深海虚拟环境下的系统仿真。该系统可以实现深海机器人的可视化,更加直观、生动和实时的反映其位姿状态和水面、水下巡航过程。该系统实际应用在中国科学技术馆深海机器人展馆项目上,一方面展示载人深潜器的水下工作过程,同时也使得观众有机会亲身体验潜水器的操纵与驾驶。实际运行结果表明,该系统逼真地演示了载人深潜器水面备航、无动力下潜以及近海底巡航等仿真过程,能够满足系统仿真的实时性要求。该系统还可以应用到深海环境模拟研究、水下机器人运动仿真、控制系统调试以及操纵驾驶训练等中。 相似文献
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针对水下机器人作业过程中的近距离引导水下对接问题,以自治缆控水下机器人(ARV)为研究对象,为实现快速、高精度的水下对接,设计了基于反射光源识别的单目视觉辅助水下对接方法。通过在对接口布置反光带并将其作为目标图像,设计了图像处理和特征点提取的算法,经过图像特征信息的分析处理,优化算法的时间复杂度,提高了特征点提取的准确率和识别效率。最后设计了传统的引导灯方案与反光带方案的对比试验,验证算法的可行性,证明在水下环境下识别反射光源的方法极大提升了位置估计的准确率,同时在计算速度上也有显著提高,弥补了传统水下对接方法中精度不足或计算量大的缺陷,更好地满足了ARV水下对接的需求,能为潜水器实现水下自主对接提供参考依据。 相似文献
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以欠驱动自主水下机器人(Autonomous Underwater Vehicle,AUV)为试验平台,提出了一种水平面动力定位控制方法。根据自研 AUV 平台的运动执行机构配置,针对其欠驱动特性设计运动控制器,控制纵向推力与转艏力矩,经过路径跟踪与区域镇定两个阶段,使航行器先沿预设路径快速接近目标点,再低速逐渐调整水平位置,最终在该点附近小范围内保持悬停。结合试验数据证明：航行器可抵达并稳定在目标点附近 2 m 范围内,并且在受到外力扰动偏离后能够重新返回,从而验证该动力定位控制方法的有效性。 相似文献
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基于罗经/DVL/水声定位系统的水下组合导航方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对基于罗经/DVL航位推算系统位置误差积累的问题,研究基于罗经/DVL/水声定位系统的水下运载体组合导航定位方法,设计了组合导航方案,建立了基于航位推算系统的误差方程,在此基础上引入水声定位系统的位置量测信息,设计了卡尔曼滤波器,实现了罗经/DVL/水声定位系统的信息融合。最后对研究的方法进行了计算机仿真和半物理仿真实验。实验结果表明,该方法抑制了航位推算系统位置误差发散,且减小了水声定位数据波动幅度,实现了水下运载体的高精度导航定位。 相似文献
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为保证正常的海洋航运生产和作业，提出多功能的水下安防智能机器人技术。突破该机器人的系统集成技术，实现自主导航高精度定位与目标的识别处理任务，为水下安防智能机器人的试验工程应用提供技术支撑和可行性方案参考。 相似文献
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针对水下机器人操纵性优化设计中水动力系数预报问题,在水下机器人水动力预报中引入艇体肥瘦指数概念,确定了水下机器人艇体几何描述的五参数模型。提出采用小波神经网络方法预报水下机器人水动力,确定了神经网络的结构,利用均匀试验设计方法,设计了神经网络的学习样本。研究结果表明,只要确定适当的输入参数,选择适当的学习样本和网络结构,利用小波神经网络方法对水下机器人水动力进行预报可以达到较好的精度。 相似文献
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介绍一种新研制的用于近海海洋环境检测的轻型机器人,该机器人由智能检测控制台、水下检测器和控制电缆三部分构成;水下检测器由6个独立密封舱室和尾翼组成,具有一个主推进器和两个侧向推进器。特点是采用了潜艇式ROV结构,大幅降低了成本,适度增大了负载,可以满足一般工程检测的需要。通过在控制台上发出指令,可控制ROV完成前进、后退,上浮、下沉、左右转弯等动作;可以实现一定流速下的动力悬停,可以使ROV保持一定的倾角,以配合实现检测作业。该水下机器人可以检测腐蚀电位、温度、深度等最多16个参数,设计深度为40m。 相似文献
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水声通信和测距能力是实现水下航行器准确定位的重要技术手段。当前基于水声定位的方法主要有利用测距和测向功能的水声定位技术以及水声测距辅助导航技术，二者的系统物理复杂度都比较高。本文提出了一种基于单水声信标距离量测的匹配定位方法，航行器在水声信标测距覆盖范围内，利用航行过程中多次测距信息构建测距圆序列形成位置约束，基于航位推算导航信息，将航行器在连续测距时间段内的相对航迹在圆序列上进行最优匹配，从而获得位置估计，通过对测距误差进行补偿可进一步提升定位精度。本方法所需物理系统结构复杂度低、可操作性强，仿真实验表明，该方法可以独立实现较高精度的定位。 相似文献
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Currently, most submerged bodies use the long-baseline acoustic position system (LBL) to identify the navigation position for submerging. A precise navigation position is always the target pursued by underwater technology. The conventional long-baseline acoustic position systems normally use Kalman filter correction to handle the problem of positional errors. This article proposes a new modification, which is based on the periodically measured actual navigation distance, and associated with the three-dimensional geometrical relations between the transponder on the seabed and the navigation distance. This new modification employs the iterative approximation to modify the errors of the measured navigation position from the conventional long-baseline acoustic position system. In order to verify the availability of the modified model by the essay, the study uses the navigation position for an underwater surveying submerged body as the study object. After the numerical simulation analysis, the result shows that the modification was presented by the article can only use very few iterations to precisely modify the errors of the measured navigation position from the conventional long-baseline acoustic position system, which is highly applicable for positioning in long-term and long-distance submersion. Moreover, the modification method proposed by the paper can also help submersion positioning for the underwater vehicle, as well as the military submerged body. 相似文献
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Development of real-time acoustic image recognition system using by autonomous marine vehicle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Automation of complicated underwater tasks require acoustic image based object recognition. This paper presents an acoustic image based real-time object recognition system. We proposed an acoustic image predictor to estimate an object's shape in advance. Depending on the acoustic camera's position, the predictor generates optimal template for recognition. The proposed method is implemented in our autonomous marine vehicle. For real-time processing, efficient recognition strategies are addressed. The vehicle detects an object and localizes it for recognition. In the detection process, the acoustic image's specific characteristics are used as the detection cues. In the localization process, the vehicle's horizontal and vertical positioning strategies are described. Efficient template generation method to minimize computing power is addressed. This realizes real-time recognition using the vehicle. To estimate the proposed system's accuracy and reliability, a recognition test was carried out in the field. The vehicle successfully recognized two different objects with high accuracy. 相似文献
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The formulation of the dynamic coupling between a manipulator and an underwater vehicle is presented. Results from a simulation of a particular manipulator-vehicle configuration illustrate the nature and extent of the dynamic coupling. The modeling processes for the underwater vehicle and the manipulator are described with an evaluation of the simple hydrodynamic effects that can be incorporated in the dynamic equations of the manipulator. The equations are formulated for the combination of a 6-degrees-of-freedom vehicle and a 3-degrees-of-freedom manipulator. The effect of the manipulator motion, assuming perfect manipulator joint angle tracking, on the vehicle's position/orientation and consequently the manipulator end-effector position is investigated assuming no vehicle control. Slotine's sliding mode approach has been used to reduce the effect of the manipulator disturbances. This technique allows the expressions developed for the manipulator disturbances to be incorporated in the control law. Control of the vehicle's yaw angle, in this particular manipulator-vehicle configuration, has been determined to be the single most important factor in reducing the end-effector error variation. This is shown to be beneficial in the regulation of the vehicle's yaw angle and offers improved performance compared to a sliding mode controller that does not incorporate the manipulator disturbances. This technique also demonstrates superior performance and insensitivity to parameter variations compared to a fixed-gain controller 相似文献
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针对海洋测量水下拖曳设备位置确定问题,综合考虑拖缆受力、海流影响以及水下拖体的运动性质,建立了水下拖曳设备的位置计算模型,并仿真计算分析了测量船在不同航行状态下拖曳设备位置确定的规律,探讨了不同海流效应对拖曳设备位置确定的影响。仿真计算结果表明,在海洋动态环境作用下,拖缆各方向的偏移明显呈曲线形状,非简单几何运算所确定。测船各方向的运动均可对水下拖体的位置在相应方向产生一定影响,而水下拖体位置的变化量小于测船拖点位置的变化量。海流对水下拖曳设备定位可造成数米的偏差,需进行相应改正。建议可考虑采取船载式ADCP实时测流辅助水下拖曳设备定位的工作模式。 相似文献
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Jenhwa Guo Sheng-Wen Cheng Cheng-Yang Ying Te-Chih Liu 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2003,28(1):55-61
Describes an image registration method for underwater inspection tasks. A remotely operated vehicle equipped with a video camera and a scanning sonar is used as the testbed vehicle. Each image of the underwater scene is saved along with the video camera's position and orientation. The images are then combined to create a large composite picture of the underwater structure being inspected. This method is based upon a maximum a posteriori estimation technique and provides smooth and robust estimates of image shifts. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of this highly promising underwater inspection procedure. 相似文献
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水下拖体声学超短基线定位测量及其卡尔曼滤波技术 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
水声超短基线定位技术是探测水下目标的有效手段。超短基线定位测得的原始数据具有不同程度的随机离散性。为了得到能够真实反映目标运动轨迹变化的坐标数据 ,本文应用了卡尔曼滤波技术来处理定位原始数据 ,取得了良好的结果 相似文献
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An adaptive control scheme for dynamic positioning (DP) of remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROV) is proposed based on a recently developed output feedback variable structure control (VSC) algorithm named VS-MRAC. Only position measurement is required. Precise modeling of the ROV is not needed and unmodeled perturbations can be effectively rejected. A simple method for discretizing the original continuous-time VS-MRAC is proposed based on dead-beat response. Other important practical implementation issues are considered. The performance is evaluated by simulation with a realistic ROV model and by full-scale experimental pool tests with an actual ROV 相似文献
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论述了纵倾控制律设计及自航模试验。首先选择一系列深度，对同一深度采用频域校正法单独设计控制律，使之对不同的速度和漂角具有足够的稳态精度和抗干扰性，这些控制律被集成统一为纵倾控制器，并根据潜深变化进行切换，对于其它深度采用同样的方法设计。控制器首先通过计算机仿真，然后进行自航模试验验证。设计的纵倾控制系统同时在其他试验项目中(水下管线跟踪和动力定位)发挥了重要的作用。 相似文献