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To achieve accurate positioning of autonomous underwater vehicles, an appropriate underwater terrain database storage format for underwater terrain-matching positioning is established using multi-beam data as underwater terrain-matching data. An underwater terrain interpolation error compensation method based on fractional Brownian motion is proposed for defects of normal terrain interpolation, and an underwater terrain-matching positioning method based on least squares estimation (LSE) is proposed for correlation analysis of topographic features. The Fisher method is introduced as a secondary criterion for pseudo localization appearing in a topographic features flat area, effectively reducing the impact of pseudo positioning points on matching accuracy and improving the positioning accuracy of terrain flat areas. Simulation experiments based on electronic chart and multi-beam sea trial data show that drift errors of an inertial navigation system can be corrected effectively using the proposed method. The positioning accuracy and practicality are high, satisfying the requirement of underwater accurate positioning. 相似文献
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基于多波束测深的地形定位是水下潜器导航技术研究和发展的重点,多波束测深数据的高精度快速重采样是水下地形匹配定位的前提。传统的实时抽稀方法因对多波束测深数据模型的过分简化而效果欠佳。参考Douglas-Peucker算法和点云数据抽稀方法,采用角度-弦高联合准则对多波束每ping数据进行抽稀处理,参考导航地形图对抽稀后的多ping数据基于点云离散度进行二次抽稀处理,从而实现多波束测深数据的高精度快速抽稀处理。典型的数学仿真地形和实测多波束条带数据实验表明:文中提出的抽稀方法数据抽稀率仿真地形在85%以上,实测地形在90%以上,数据抽稀前后点云构成的曲面DEM误差在3%以内,并且算法实时性较好。 相似文献
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多波束测深技术是目前水下地形测量的主要技术手段,测量平台的瞬时姿态及方位是影响多波束测深系统最终成果准确度的重要因素。GNSS方位辅助惯性导航系统,作为目前应用较为广泛的方位、姿态、及位置综合测量系统,不仅能够提供高精度位置信息,同时也能提供测量平台的瞬时姿态及方位数据,而且因为具有GNSS方位辅助测量,使得最终方位测量结果比传统方位测量精度大大提高,这对于多波束最终测量成果精度提高具有重要意义。文中从GNSS方位辅助惯性导航系统原理及技术优势出发,结合Trimble RTX后处理技术,从姿态测量、方位测量及辅助高程测量方面分析了在多波束水下地形测量中的应用,并以实际测量成果来展现其在水下地形精密测量技术方面的优势,结果显示,定位精度可以达到优于2 cm级别,方位精度可以优于0.01°(依赖于双GNSS天线之间的基线长度),该技术对水下地形测量准确度提升作用显著。 相似文献
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基于非线性滤波的水下地形辅助导航方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解决水下航行器惯性导航误差随时间积累问题,利用地形辅助导航技术进行导航位置修正。由于水下地形的非线性,对基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)、无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)和粒子滤波(PF)3种非线性滤波方法的水下地形辅助导航算法进行研究。针对传统基于单波束声纳量测模型在小起伏地形区域导航精度低、易发散问题,从提高量测地形信息量角度,建立了基于多波束测深声纳的量测模型。使用多波束实测地形数据进行仿真试验,结果表明:无论在粗糙地形区域还是较平坦地形区域,多波束量测模型有效缓解了3种方法易发散问题,提高了导航精度。 相似文献
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多波束测深边缘波束误差的综合校正 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
边缘波束误差是影响多波束测深数据精度的主要因素,数据精度影响其可信度和使用范围,也是进行相关研究的基础.多波束勘测系统声呐参数的精确校正、勘测区声场模型的建立以及实时勘测海洋噪声的合理剔除是影响边缘波束数据质量的关键因素,严重时甚至导致勘测数据出现沿测线方向的条带状假地形或地形位置偏移.上述因素对多波束勘测数据的影响是一个综合作用的过程,靠单一的校正或编辑方法很难提高采集数据的精度.以多波束勘测原理和声学理论为指导,以多波束实测数据为研究基础和分析对象,运用GIS面向对象方法,全面分析造成多波束勘测大误差边缘波束的原因,并探寻改善已勘测多波束大误差数据、提高数据精度的综合处理方法,最终以可视化的方式实现人机交互处理.该项研究成果已初步应用于海洋项目总图编绘工作,并取得了预期效果. 相似文献
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Underwater Navigation Based on Real-Time Simultaneous Sound Speed Profile Correction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Precise sound speed profile (SSP) information is critical when using sonar for underwater terrain navigation. Nevertheless, acquiring SSP information in real-time is difficult, especially in underwater navigation environment. To account for this problem, this paper presents an underwater navigation method that applies real-time SSP correction to the terrain measurements. The method uses a probe to measure the surface sound speed simultaneously. Meanwhile, redundancy of topographic measurement data is exploited to derive the equivalent SSP information. The acquired equivalent SSP is updated continuously with particle filter algorithm. The terrain measurements can be corrected in real-time with the equivalent SSP to improve the performance of underwater terrain navigation. By removing the impact of inaccurate SSP from the terrain measurements, the proposed method can achieve precise and robust underwater navigation result without using an underway-profiling instrument. Simulated results confirm the good performance of the proposed method. 相似文献
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Accurate Digital Elevation Model in intertidal zones (IZDEM) is crucial to coastal applications (e.g., coastal zone management and anti-flood directing systems). Considering the features of multisource data and the evident anisotropy in intertidal zones, we propose a method for IZDEM construction. The basic idea of the method is that the terrain of any area can be divided into two portions: the trend portion reflecting the overall trend of the changes of topography and the residual portion reflecting the local changes. Based on the idea, the proposed method includes three steps: (1) Considering the influence of both the distance and the data accuracy of different data sources on the interpolation, the optimal equivalent weight is adopted to create the trend surface, which fits better for the intertidal terrain. (2) Considering the anisotropy of the terrain changes, the residual surface is created by the Kriging interpolation method. (3) IZDEM is constructed by combining the trend surface and the residual surface. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the fitting accuracy of the trend surface by considering the accuracy differences of multi-source data, and also improve the accuracy of the residual surface by considering the anisotropy of the intertidal terrain changes, thus it makes the constructed IZDEM more accurate in the area where multi-source data exist and the anisotropy of the terrain changes is evident. 相似文献
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为提高多波束数据处理的准确性和简便性,研究了多波束水深点云处理的策略和关键算法,构建了kd-tree(k-dimensional tree)结构加速点云查找,针对大尺度噪点设计了半径滤波和统计滤波算法,针对小尺度噪点提出了双边滤波算法,并对以上算法的适用性进行了探讨分析。实验结果表明,当设置适合的滤波阈值,半径滤波和统计滤波能高效去除大尺度噪点,且保留地形特征,总误差分别为2.25%和2.76%。在大尺度噪点去除的基础上,改进的双边滤波可以实现地形平滑的同时,保持水深点云的有效数据量。研究成果为多波束点云数据的自动化处理提供了解决方案,对多波束测量工作的效果和效率提升做了有益尝试。 相似文献
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Automatic Registration of TOBI Side-Scan Sonar and Multi-Beam Bathymetry Images for Improved Data Fusion 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Deep towed side-scan sonar vehicles such as TOBI acquire high quality imagery of the seafloor with very high spatial resolution but poor locational accuracy. Fusion of the side-scan sonar data with bathymetry data from an independent source is often desirable to reduce ambiguity in geological interpretations, to aid in slant-range correction and to enhance seafloor representation. The main obstacle to fusion is accurate registration of the two datasets.The application of hierarchical chamfer matching to the registration of TOBI side-scan sonar images and multi-beam swath bathymetry is described. This matches low level features such as edges in the TOBI image, with corresponding features in a synthetic TOBI image created by simulating the flight of the TOBI vehicle through the bathymetry. The method is completely automatic, relatively fast and robust, and much easier than manual registration. It allows accurate positioning of the TOBI vehicle, enhancing its usefulness as a research tool. The method is illustrated by automatic registration of TOBI and multi-beam bathymetry data from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. 相似文献
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珠江口内伶仃洋水下地形地貌特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
夏真 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2005,25(1):19-24
珠江口海底管线、跨海大桥及港口码头堤坝等近岸海底工程构筑越来越多,为服务于当地的经济发展需要,广州海洋地质调查局使用数字测深仪、多波束水深测量系统和旁侧声纳扫描系统,对珠江口内伶仃岛以北水域(内伶仃洋)的水下地形地貌进行了调查。利用调查资料,分析了内伶仃洋的水下地形地貌特征,认为内伶仃洋水下格局总体上呈三滩两槽分布,发展趋势处于不断的淤浅和萎缩,但人为作用已对水下地形地貌产生了较大的影响,破坏了水下生态环境,应加强水域综合管理,加大环境保护力度。 相似文献
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多波束测深是一种广泛使用的水下地形探测方式。当前多波束数据处理技术日臻完善,但是多波束条带间自动匹配仍存在较多问题。针对水下复杂环境、多波束自动匹配效果不佳的问题,采用点云直方图 (point feature histograms,PFH)自动匹配算法,对条带点云进行自动匹配。因直方图所在的高维超空间为特征描述提供一类量化信息,对点云对应曲面的多维姿态具有鲁棒性和适用性。因此,在多波束自动匹配算法中采用PFH算法。实验数据由6205侧扫多波束测深系统获取,并对实验数据采用随机抽样一致算法(random sample consensus,RANSAC)进行定性定量分析,验证本文算法的优势,并分析相关不足。 相似文献
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超短基线定位解算中的距离观测值是指换能器与水下应答器之间的直线距离，而海水声速的不均匀分布导致声波在海水中的实际传播路径为连续弯曲的曲线，需要结合实测声速剖面进行声线修正。根据声速在分层介质中的传播特性，本文提出了一种基于二次多项式拟合的声线跟踪算法，采用线性插值方法对声速剖面数据进行合理加密并按等深度进行分层，设定每层声速梯度是不断变化的，用二次多项式拟合声速，基于运动学原理建立了完整的数学解算模型。仿真结果表明，该方法修正后的水下目标分布具有明显的收敛性，且优于等梯度声线跟踪算法和等效声速剖面法，显著提高了超短基线水声定位系统的定位精度。 相似文献
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基于ROV的近海底地形测量及其在马努斯盆地热液区的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对重点的特殊深海研究区（如热液冷泉、洋中脊区域）,在船载多波束数据获得研究区大面积地形资料的基础上,有必要选取典型深海小靶区进行高分辨率地形测量为进一步深入研究提供保障。根据船载多波束实测数据选取PACMANUS热液区作为靶区,基于长基线定位,利用“发现”ROV搭载多波束系统进行近海底全覆盖地形测量。结果表明,依托于船动力定位系统及差分GPS,长基线为ROV提供了可靠的高精度定位,使得近海底测量的地形数据分辨率数倍优于船载多波束测得的地形数据的分辨率。高分辨率地形清晰的显示了PACMANUS热液区锥形丘体等特殊微地形,与已发现的热液点和火山区有很好的对应。进一步分析发现,该区域活动的热液区主要发育于坡度大于30°斜坡上的地形突变区,其成因仍需深入研究。利用ROV搭载多波束近底测量是获取深海小靶区高分辨率地形的可靠途径和方法,有利于提高深海海底研究的针对性,将促进我国深海科学研究的发展。 相似文献