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1.
对虾养殖生态系不同粒级浮游生物呼吸率和初级生产率测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1997年6～8月于山东省海阳市黄海集团公司养虾场,用5个实验围隔研究了对虾池不同粒级浮游生物的呼吸率和初级生产率.结果表明:(1)小型、微型及超微型浮游生物的呼吸率平均分别为0.07,0.38及0.31mg/(dm3·d),占各粒级浮游生物总呼吸率的9%,50%及41%.小型、微型及超微型浮游植物的生产率平均分别为0.04,1.26及0.15mg/(dm3·d),占相应粒级浮游植物总生产率的3%,87%及10%.各粒级浮游生物呼吸率占相应粒级浮游植物生产率的比例为:小型浮游生物175%;微型浮游生物30%;超微型浮游生物207%.(2)小型浮游动物、超微型浮游动物(含细菌)的呼吸率显著高于相应粒级浮游植物呼吸率,微型浮游植物的呼吸率明显高于微型浮游动物呼吸率.不同粒级浮游植物呼吸率的大小顺序为微型、超微型、小型,不同粒级浮游动物呼吸率顺序为超微型(含细菌)、微型、小型. 相似文献
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长江口大型底栖动物群落的演变过程及原因探讨 总被引：16，自引：6，他引：10
根据近30年来的长江口大型底栖动物群落的历史资料,以及2009年和2010年的现场调查数据,从长江口底栖动物群落结构变化特征出发,分析了其长期演变的过程和规律,旨在阐明底栖动物群落的演变趋势,识别其重要演变时段。同时结合长江口海域近50~60年来的入海径流量和携沙量变化、营养盐和DO等水质特征变化,分析底栖动物群落的变化原因。分析结果表明,长江口底栖生物群落的变化可大体分为3个阶段,第一阶段是20世纪90年代之前,底栖生物群落无论物种数、生物量都维持相对较高的水平;第二阶段发生在20世纪90年代初至2005年,由于受到气候变化和人类活动的综合影响,底栖生物群落的上述指标都有所降低,表明受到自然和人为因素干扰的加剧;第三阶段是2005年之后至现在,由于长江口水域的各项生态环境保护措施加强,底栖生物群落得到一定程度的恢复。通过对长江口海域各种环境因素的分析表明,底栖生物群落变化受到长江口区域生物因素和非生物因素的共同影响,变化趋势也与环境因素的变化比较吻合。 相似文献
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While clastic mudstones and shale were traditionally interpreted to have been deposited in quiet water settings, recent flume experiments and studies have shown that mud can be transported in and deposited by traction currents as migrating ripples of mud aggregates. Despite these recent advances, mud aggregates have rarely been adequately described in the rock record.These mud aggregates and the sedimentary structures they form in mudstone successions are difficult to observe in the rock record due to compaction, which often obliterates the aggregates and flattens bedforms. This paper documents unambiguously identifiable sand sized mudstone aggregates in thin sections and SEM, transported in traction, and deposited in a series of prograding clinothems. These aggregates were sufficiently indurated to locally preserve shelter porosity, significantly improving the hydrocarbon reservoir properties.Grain size analysis of the aggregates was performed on thin sections, as well as disaggregated samples measured by a laser diffraction grain size analyzer for comparison. These analyses showed that sand sized aggregates often comprise more than half of the sediment volume. While the clay-rich composition of the Carlile Formation would suggest that it is a mudstone, statistical analysis of these grain size measurements show that it could alternatively be described as a silty sandstone. These findings potentially change how we think about mudstone classification, fine-grained sedimentation, and mudstone dominated petroleum reservoirs. 相似文献
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One-dimensional stock-cutting problem is a commonly encountered problem not only in shipbuilding and construction of coastal structures, but also in other engineering applications related to production and construction. The proposed approach achieves results using cutting patterns directly whereas analytical methods first need to establish a mathematical model. While obtaining ideal solutions of the analytical methods, the new approach limits the wastage to a minimum number of stock materials. In addition, the new approach allows the use of different sized stock materials while it creates various options for the use of single sized stock materials. Use of different sized stock materials broadens the point of view for the solution compared to the use of single sized stock material. Moreover, the new method yields integer results whereas the analytical methods using linear programming usually produce impractical non-integer results. To obtain integer results, the analytical methods need to solve the problem multiple times and screen the alternative solutions. 相似文献
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太湖水体光学衰减系数的特征及参数化 总被引：34，自引：3，他引：34
利用2001-2002年周年太湖全湖不同湖区湖泊光学及表层水样的实测资料，分析了太湖水体表层光学衰减系数与透明度、无机和有机颗粒物质及叶绿素a的相关关系，建立了表层水光学衰减系数与无机、有机颗粒物质及叶绿素a多元线性回归方程。结果表明，光学衰减系数与透明度的关系为：Kdg0.096 1.852/ST；表层水光学衰减系数与无机、有机颗粒物质及叶绿素a多元线性回归方程为：Kd=0.219 0.0768Ciss 0.214Cdet 0.006Cchl；光学衰减系数变化的主要影响因子是无机及有机颗粒物。 相似文献
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浮冰界面融化速率参数化方案的实验室研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
融冰季节时天然浮冰表面、底面和侧向融化共存,三者融化速率是底面大于侧向,侧向大于表面。而且浮冰尺寸越小,侧向速率占比越高。为了解决将小尺度浮冰块尺度指标计入融化参数化方案,在低温环境实验室无辐射、无流速、控制气温和水温条件下对天然海冰和人工冻结淡水冰的圆盘试样,开展了不同初始水温和不同初始直径的圆盘试样融化过程实验,获得了圆盘试样直径、厚度和质量融化过程。依据这些实验数据,构建试样直径厚度比这一新指标,通过物理分析和数学统计手段,建立了海冰和淡水冰试样表面、底面融化速率同温度梯度,侧向融化速率和温差以及直径厚度比的关系式。这些关系式能够应用于天然直径100 m范围内浮冰的融化参数化方案,期望能解决北冰洋海冰和入海口近岸淡水冰夏季融化季节能量和质量平衡数值模拟的需求。 相似文献
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In this paper, the interaction of flexural-gravity waves with a submerged disc is studied. The problem is solved by transforming it into a two-dimensional hypersingular integral equation. Initially, wave scattering problem is studied followed by radiation and radiation-diffraction problems. The effects of the rigidity of the ice cover and submergence depth of the rigid disc are investigated for all the three cases. It is observed that the submergence of a rigid disc causes significant changes in the scattered as well as radiated wave profiles. However, the presence of the rigid disc creates high-frequency resonance. The present study appears to be useful for understanding the nature of the flow physics in presence of a rigid disc beneath the ice-covered surface. 相似文献
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A. A. Fincham 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):1-14
Abstract The distributions of infaunal Peracarida (Crustacea) and their correlation with sediment type, tidal height, and degree of exposure were studied in winter (June) at five beaches on Stewart Island, New Zealand. The beaches were selected lo cover a range of exposures to wind and wave action and substrate sorting. Substrate and infauna samples were taken at four tidal levels from each, with a 0.0625 m2 quadrat. Sieve separation and statistical analysis of the substrate samples indicated predominantly sand‐sized particles from all beaches, with median diameters in the range +1.52 to +2.92 ? (phi) units. Substrates were well sorted throughout the size range: ? quartile deviation ranged from 0.26 to 0.71, skewness from —0.18 to +0.07 ?. Peracarid fauna was generally abundant, with a maximum of 29 136 per m2sampled in a more sheltered beach. Cumacea was the most abundant group, followed by Amphipoda, Isopoda, and Tanaidacea; dominance followed a similar sequence, being 78%, 19%, 2% and 1% respectively. Frequency of occurrence at the 19 stations was headed by Amphipoda (100%), with Isopoda 53%, Cumacea 32% and Tanaidacea 11%. 相似文献
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Average values of inherent optical properties for the 400–700 nm waveband were estimated from quantum irradiance measurements on 27 New Zealand lakes of diverse optical character, using published nomograms. Secchi disc depths, turbidity, algal pigment, non‐volatile suspended solids, and absorption by membrane‐filtered samples at 440 nm (g 440 ) were also measured. Turbidity (NTU) correlated closely with the scattering coefficient (m‐1) and these quantities were almost numerically equal, as found in other studies. The data were found to conform to an expression in the oceanographic literature relating Secchi disc depth to the beam attenuation and diffuse attenuation coefficients. Specific beam attenuation, scattering, and absorption coefficients were estimated from the coefficients of linear multiple regressions of the measured total coefficients on the variables: total pigment (chlorophyll a + phaeopigment), non‐volatile suspended solids, and g 440. The estimated values were in reasonable agreement with similar specific coefficients reported in the oceanographic literature. The coefficients provide a basis for predicting clarity in new impoundments or for predicting the effects of loading changes (e.g., of nutrients) on the clarity of existing lakes. The coefficients can be used for classifying lake waters into different optical types. 相似文献
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Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon composition of cultured two different sized phytoplankton common species of Thalazsiosira rotula and Skeletonema costatum from the Jiaozhou Bay were measured. Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon contents in cell were obvious higher in T. rotula than in S. costatum, but the percents of nitrogen, phosphorus, sihcon contents in cell dry mass in T. rotula were lower than those in S. costatum. The dry mass concentrations of nitrogen,phosphorus, silicon in S. costatum were much higher than those in T. rotula, particularly silicon, the former was 6. 4 times of the latter, showing that S. costatum could more assimilate these elements. Especially, S. costatum had competitive dominance for assimilating silicon, which is beneficial to its becoming a major dominant species in relative short silicon of the Jiaozhou Bay. There were some differences in numerical value of nutrient ratios both laboratory-cultured phytoplankton and different sized suspended particulates （ mainly phytoplankton） in the Jiaozhou Bay, which was caused by the changes of environment. High contents of carbon, nitrogon and relative low phosporus, sil- icon, high molar ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus （far higher than Redfield value） and low ratio of silicon to phosphorus and silicon to nitrogen （far lower than Redfield values） in the two diatoms and different sized suspended particulates were consistent with those in the seawater. Relative short silicon in the seawater and phytoplankton showed that silicon was possibly affectting phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay. 相似文献
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鳗鲡气单胞菌引起的烂尾病病原菌抑菌药物的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
应用药敏纸片法研究了三株烂尾病病原菌（气单胞菌）对３１种药物及不同配合药物的敏感性，测定了４种药物及配合药物ＨＰ对三株菌的最低抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）及最低杀菌浓度（ＭＢＣ）。结果表明，配合药物ＨＰ具较强的抑菌能力。 相似文献
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Reproductive aspects of the golden ling, Genypterus blacodes, from the southern Chilean fishery are presented. Gonad samples were obtained from commercially caught fish between September 1999 and October 2000. Stage of sexual maturity, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and size of females at 50% maturation determined by logistic methods and by plotting the mean GSI by total length, are presented for both years. Batch fecundity was calculated from subsampling mature ovaries containing oocytes in advanced stages of maturity. Changes in GSI and monthly diameters of oocytes showed that ling had a spawning season which extended between August and November. The sizes at first maturity in 1999 and 2000 were 86.6 and 84.8 cm total length (TL), respectively, using the logistic model, and 84 cm for both years using the mean GSI‐size plotting method. The mean batch fecundity was 333 330 oocytes per individual for fish sized 85–120 cm TL. Fecundity increased with increasing weight and total length. 相似文献
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Towards a standard measure of sea anemone size: assessing the accuracy and precision of morphological measures for cantilever‐like animals 
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下载免费PDF全文 Our capacity to detect and interrogate patterns in nature depends on the use of standard methods for measuring biological units. Consensus methods to quantify the size of individual animals and characteristics of biological communities are critical for comparisons across time and space. Nowhere is this more important than when dealing with organisms such as sea anemones that display high plasticity in body shape. Despite the need for accurate measures of anemone size for ecological comparisons, there is little consensus on the accuracy and precision of size inferences for these animals. We assessed several morphological parameters to determine which in‐field measure accurately and reliably reflects the reference size of an anemone measured in the laboratory: (i) column height, (ii) column diameter, (iii) limbus diameter, (iv) pedal disc diameter, (v) pedal disc area or (vi) pedal disc perimeter. The results revealed large variability in the accuracy and precision amongst measures, which have implications for their suitability as a standard method for in situ measurements. In general, measures of diameter were preferable to those of height, area and perimeter; and those associated with attachment (i.e. the limbus and pedal disc diameter) performed the best. Overall, considering concurrence with measures obtained from two differing but useful reference states, pedal disc diameter was the most accurate parameter (mean percentage difference = 0.6) with which to estimate the size of sea anemones in the field, and we thus recommend its use as an effective, non‐destructive means of gaining insights into their behavioural and evolutionary ecology. 相似文献
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A comparison of the contribution of zooplankton and nekton taxa to the near-surface acoustic structure of three Turkish seas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Erhan Mutlu 《Marine Ecology》2005,26(1):17-32
The bioacoustics of upper waters of the Black Sea, the Sea of Marmara, and the Mediterranean Sea were studied in October 1999 with an echosounder with 120 and 200 kHz dual‐beam transducers. Net tows were taken to ground‐truth the acoustic volume backscattering. A forward solution was applied to determine significant scatterers of the three seas with regard to detection limits of the frequencies and background noise measured in each sea. The noise was 4 dB higher in the Sea of Marmara than in the other two seas. 200 kHz data showed significant correlation between measured and calculated volume backscattering strength, and density (biomass and abundance) of the taxa. Large‐sized copepods and chaetognaths in the Black Sea, Aurelia, Beroe, chaetognaths and large‐sized and abundant appendicularians in the Sea of Marmara, and fish larvae in the Mediterranean Sea contributed most to the volume backscattering. 相似文献
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Anil B. Valsangkar 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2016,34(6):542-549
Regional scale morphological studies on different-sized polymetallic nodules from the Central Indian Basin show that only 2–5 cm sized nodules have highest occurrence per station (92–94% along latitudes; 88–94% along longitudes). A nodule size shows an inverse relationship with the nodule distribution, grade, and abundance. Interestingly, only 3–4 and 4–5 cm sized nodules have highest grade, abundance, and distribution percentages along longitudes in P1, first generation mine site and relinquished area, which further implies that the nodule mining along the longitude would be beneficial. Different-sized nodule groups suggest their formation under variable environmental conditions that existed in the Central Indian Basin. The coexistence of different-sized nodules suggests different environmental conditions existed in the Central Indian Basin. 相似文献
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21世纪是海洋的世纪,海洋经济发展与海洋科技创新紧密相联,创新的本质是技术创新。文章结合文献总结法、企业访谈法和会议研讨交流等方法,对海洋科技中小企业的概念进行了界定;并通过研究海洋产业发展现状以及海洋科技中小企业的技术创新现状,发现海洋科技中小企业技术创新发展存在的问题;最后,根据实际问题提出建立海洋科技园区,带动海洋科技中小企业快速发展;政府做好海洋产业引导,加快海洋科技创新步伐;政府适当减免企业税收,鼓励中小企业技术创新;企业应当将财务分类系统化,减少财务混乱现象等对策建议。 相似文献
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GUPTA Pratibh BALAJI Raju PARANI M CHANDRA T S SHUKLA P KUMAR Anil BANDOPADHYAY Rajib 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(8):73-82
Fifty-seven bacteria were isolated from Southern Ocean(Indian sector) water samples which were collected from different latitude and longitude of the ocean. All the isolates were able to grow at 4°C, 20°C, 37°C and tolerable Na Cl concentration up to 13.5%(w/v). 29 out of 57 isolates were identified using 16 S rDNA amplification and the sequences were submitted to National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI). All the isolates were classified by using Ribosomal Database Project(RDP) and found that isolates belongs to Proteobacteria and Bacteriodes. The average G+C content was 56.4%. The isolates were screened for the presence of extracellular enzymes, viz. amylase, catalase, urease, esterase, lipase and protease. The disc diffusion method is used to screen antibiotic production by the isolates against four pathogenic bacteria, viz. Salmonella typhimurium(NCIM 2501),Staphylococcus aureus(NCIM 2122), Bacillus subtilis(NCIM 2193), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(NCIM 2036).Nine out of 29 were found to be antibiotic producer. 相似文献