共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 197 毫秒
1.
粗糙地形对内波生成影响的实验研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了研究粗糙地形对内波共振生成的影响,本文在实验中采用粒子图像测速法(PIV)对内波速度场进行测量。实验中设置了两种不同尺度的粗糙地形,其中一种地形的粗糙尺度大于黏性边界层厚度(δ),另一种地形的粗糙尺度小于δ。结果表明两种粗糙地形都使共振内波的能量减弱,粗糙地形一侧生成的内波强度约为光滑地形一侧生成内波强度的40%。当粗糙地形的尺度大于δ时,在粗糙地形一侧除了共振内波以外还有明显的内波射线生成,粗糙地形上的每一个凸形间断点都成为了一个新的内波源点,每条内波射线的强度约为共振内波强度的1/10,由新源点生成的内波射线相位基本一致,落后于正压潮3π/5个相位。当粗糙地形的尺度小于δ时,粗糙地形一侧仅有共振内波生成,共振内波的相位与正压潮相位十分接近。 相似文献
2.
在海洋内波多发区,海底地形变化是影响海洋内波生成、传播和演化的重要因素。本文基于不可压缩原始N-S方程,在非静压近似条件下,通过建立适应于非线性海洋内波研究的非静压海洋动力学模型,并将其应用于正压潮驱动下的内孤立波生成和传播的数值模拟研究。根据模拟结果,研究了一类单海脊地形拓扑结构变化对内孤立波生成和传播的影响;分析并讨论了地形拓扑结构参数变化与生成的内孤立波传播至特定位置的抵达时间、强度等特征参数之间的变化关系;提出内孤立波生成之前在海脊一侧形成"L-下陷"结构的观点,并揭示了与该观点相合的能量"积聚"和"释放"机制。 相似文献
3.
本文通过对卫星遥感图像中的内孤立波及相互作用现象进行统计分析,讨论了南海北部内孤立波及相互作用现象的时空分布特征,验证了利用卫星遥感图像反演内孤立波振幅和传播速度以及研究内波相互作用现象的可行性。统计结果表明,南海北部的内孤立波主要集中在东沙群岛以及海南岛南部,内波相互作用主要集中在东沙岛西北部以及海南岛南部。本文对此给出解释:内波传播至东沙岛附近发生绕射,绕射的内波分裂成两列后以不同的传播方向继续向西传播,相遇并发生相互作用;内波在海南岛浅滩处发生反射,与后续传来的内波发生相互作用。同时,本文利用Korteweg-de Vries (KdV)方程和Benjamin-One(BO)方程,结合观测数据,对内波振幅和传播速度进行了反演实验。反演所得的内波振幅和传播速度与南海北部实际内波振幅和传播速度相近。 相似文献
4.
本文基于2017年634幅MODIS影像分析了安达曼海3个典型区域的内波空间分布特征，定量统计了波峰线长度、波包面积等特征参数，利用射线追踪法探讨了内波的潜在激发源并推算了内波的生成周期。研究表明，安达曼海北部海域的内波空间尺度较小，前导波波峰线的平均长度约为107 km，平均波包面积约为1 860 km2，内波的传播方向主要为东向以及西南向。安达曼海中部海域内波前导波波峰线的平均长度约为133 km，平均波包面积约为3 503 km2，超过70%的内波沿东偏北方向传播。苏门答腊岛北部海域内波前导波波峰线的平均长度约为131 km，平均波包面积约为2 997 km2，内波的传播方向主要为东向、东北向及东南向。安达曼海共有7个潜在内波激发源，内波的生成时间间隔介于11.5～13 h，具有明显的半日周期特征。 相似文献
5.
针对传统内波重构是基于内波源基础,理论性限制太强,不适合实际应用。本文提出1种基于SAR图像反演内波参数并结合背景场密度剖面信息,对内波二维断面进行重构。在充分考虑到SAR图像反演的内波水平数据信息(数据信息均一化),垂向振幅以及垂向模态函数三者物理意义及相互关系后对内波二维断面重构,它具有物理意义清楚、实际可操作性强的特点。 相似文献
6.
内波吸引子的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
密度稳定层结的流体中产生的内波沿着由内波固有频率、流体浮力频率等因素所确定的特征线(或内波射线)传播。边界上的反射不改变内波的频率,从而也不改变反射后的内波特征线与重力方向所成的夹角。侧边界倾斜的封闭容器内,内波能量沿特征线传播的过程中经侧壁、表面和底面的反射可能会集中在一个封闭的轨道上,形成内波吸引子。该现象已经得到水槽试验、线性理论和数值试验的验证。本文利用非线性非静压的环流模式MITgcm,模拟了二维封闭区域中(1,1)-吸引子和(2,1)-吸引子的形成过程,并讨论初值条件对它们的影响。稳定的(1,1)-吸引子其极限环两侧流速出现很强的剪切流。当减小地形的坡度时,由于线性因素的增加,吸引子的结构不变,但吸引子厚度在相空间中的收缩速度加快。对于(2,1)-吸引子,由于轨道所成的两个环中间的节点耗散了部分能量,吸引子的收敛速度较慢。节点处,流体速度始终为0,但存在强烈混合,流体浮力频率呈现振幅较大的周期变化。 相似文献
7.
缓坡地形上内孤立波的破碎及能量分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在大型重力式分层流水槽中对内孤立波沿缓坡地形的演化特征进行了实验研究,利用分层染色标识方法和多点组合探头阵列技术对其传播特性做了定性分析和定量测量。实验表明:下凹型内孤立波沿缓坡地形传播过程中的破碎先从波背部发生,继而演化出上凸型内孤立波;内孤立波破碎不仅与入射波波幅相关,而且受到地形坡度的强烈影响;入射波幅参数??0.4是内孤立波不稳定及破碎的实验判据,内孤立波能量损失出现跃升是其发生破碎的重要特征。研究进一步获得了内孤立波沿缓坡地形的三维演化结构、破碎发生条件和能量变化特性,对于复杂海洋环境中非线性内波传播特性认识及其动力学建模具有重要的科学意义。 相似文献
8.
机载超低频雷达探测海洋内波是海洋内波探测的新方法。海洋内波使海水电导率垂向分布发生扰动,当雷达发射的电磁波探测信号传播到内波扰动界面,电磁信号发生反射,部分反射信号再次穿透海面传播到空气中并被天线捕捉,雷达系统通过处理内波界面处的反射信号并抑制海面的反射信号实现对海洋内波的探测。根据麦克斯韦方程和海水的物理性质,推导出超低频电磁波在海水中的传播特性,研究海水温度、盐度变化对海水电导率的影响,根据KDV方程解和垂向特征函数解构造了海洋内波垂向结构,仿真了雷达接收到的海表面处、内波界面处的反射信号及其延迟时间,仿真结果表明,可以使用该方法探测海洋内波。 相似文献
9.
内波破碎引起的能量耗散和混合是海洋内部的重要物理过程。通过在二维内波水槽进行实验室实验,分析内波与地形的作用,探究内孤立波与平顶海山地形作用时波要素、能量以及湍耗散率的时空变化。本实验利用重力塌陷法在两层流体中制造第一模态内孤立波,通过粒子图像测速技术(particle image velocimetry, PIV)获得内孤立波与地形作用时的流场结构,定量分析整个作用过程。结果表明,地形会改变波形甚至引起破碎,内波与地形作用时,振幅和能量密度会在内孤立波爬坡时迅速增大,在地形前缘产生强烈能量耗散。入射波的能量与塌陷高度呈二次函数关系,透射波能量随地形升高减小,反射波能量随地形升高增大。地形前缘局地湍耗散率极值时间序列在部分实验中呈双峰结构,对应内孤立波界面处剪切加强引起湍流耗散和波后缘翻转破碎。破碎引起的地形前缘区域平均湍耗散率量级在10~(-5)m~2/s~3,局地湍耗散率极值与入射波振幅呈指数关系,所有实验中局地湍耗散率的最大值接近10~(-3) m~2/s~3量级。 相似文献
10.
11.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2007,54(4):533-556
ADCP measurements of the velocity structure in the permanent thermocline at two locations over the continental slope in the Bay of Biscay are presented. The vertical variation of the contribution of the inertia-gravity waveband to the kinetic energy, vertical motion, and current shear are analysed. The semi-diurnal tides together with near-inertial waves appear to provide over 70% of the high-frequency kinetic energy (>1/3 cpd). Over the vertical range of the ADCP observations the phase of the harmonic M2 tide changes up to 155°, while the kinetic energy varies in the vertical by a factor of 3.8, showing the importance of the contribution of internal waves to the observed tidal motion. Both semi-diurnal internal tidal waves and near-inertial waves have a vertically restricted distribution of the variance of the horizontal and vertical velocity, as in internal wave beams. The short-term 14-day averaged amplitude and phase lag of the M2 tide shows large temporal changes, with a characteristic 40–45 day time scale. These changes are probably related to variations in generation sites and propagation paths of the internal tide, because of changes in the temperature and salinity stratification due to the presence of meso-scale eddies. The relatively large shear in the inertia-gravity wave band, mainly at near-inertial frequencies, supports low-gradient Richardson numbers that are well below 1 for nearly half of the time. This implies that the large shear may support turbulent mixing for a large part of the time. 相似文献
12.
Using a two-dimensional primitive equation model, we examine nonlinear responses of a semidiurnal tidal flow impinging on
a seamount with a background Garrett-Munk-like (GM-like) internal wavefield. It is found that horizontally elongated pancake-like
structures of high vertical wavenumber near-inertial current shear are created both in the near-field (the region over the
slope of the seamount) and far-field (the region over the flat bottom of the ocean). An important distinction is that the
high vertical wavenumber near-inertial current shear is amplified only at mid-latitudes in the far-field (owing to a parametric
subharmonic instability (PSI)), whereas it is amplified both at mid-and high-latitudes (above the latitude where PSI can occur)
in the near-field. In order to clarify the generating mechanism for the strong shear in the near-field, additional numerical
experiments are carried out with the GM-like background internal waves removed. The experiments show that the strong shear
is also created, indicating that it is not caused by the interaction between the background GM-like internal waves and the
semidiurnal internal tides. One possible explanation is proposed for the amplification of high vertical wavenumber near-inertial
current shear in the near-field where tide residual flow resulting from tide-topography interaction plays an important role
in transferring energy from high-mode internal tides to near-inertial internal waves. 相似文献
13.
Recent numerical studies (Hibiya et al., 1996, 1998, 2002) showed that the energy cascade across the internal wave spectrum down to small dissipation scales was
under strong control of parametric subharmonic instabilities (PSI) which transfer energy from low vertical mode double-inertial
frequency internal waves to high vertical mode near-inertial internal waves. To see whether or not the numerically-predicted
energy cascade process is actually dominant in the real deep ocean, we examine the temporal variability of vertical profiles
of horizontal velocity observed by deploying a number of expendable current profilers (XCPs) at one location near the Izu-Ogasawara
Ridge. By calculating EOFs, we find the observed velocity profiles are dominated by low mode semidiurnal (∼double-inertial
frequency) internal tides and high mode near-inertial internal waves. Furthermore, we find that the WKB-stretched vertical
scales of the near-inertial current shear are about 250 sm and 100 sm. The observed features are reasonably explained if the
energy cascade down to small dissipation scales is dominated by PSI. 相似文献
14.
2015年9月16日22时54分（当地时间）智利中部近岸发生Mw8.3级地震,震源深度25 km。同时,强震的破裂区长200 km,宽100 km,随之产生了中等强度的越洋海啸。海啸影响了智利沿岸近700 km的区域,局部地区监测到近5 m的海啸波幅和超过13 m的海啸爬坡高度。太平洋区域的40多个海啸浮标及200多个近岸潮位观测站详细记录了此次海啸的越洋传播过程,为详细研究此次海啸近场及远场传播及演化规律提供了珍贵的数据。本文选择有限断层模型和自适应网格海啸数值模型建立了既可以兼顾越洋海啸的计算效率又可以实现近场海啸精细化模拟的高分辨率海啸模型。模拟对比分析了海啸的越洋传播特征,结果表明采用所建立的模型可以较好地再现远场及近场海啸特征,特别是对近场海啸的模拟结果非常理想。表明有限断层可以较好地约束近场、特别是局部区域的破裂特征,可为海啸预警提供更加精确的震源信息,结合高分辨率的海啸数值预报模式实现海啸传播特征的精细化预报。本文结合观测数据与数值模拟结果初步分析了海啸波的频散特征及其对模型结果的影响。同时对观测中典型的海啸波特征进行的简要的总结。谱分析结果表明海啸波的能量主要分布在10~50 min周期域内。这些波特征提取是现行海啸预警信息中未涉及,但又十分重要的预警参数。进一步对这些波动特征的详细研究将为海啸预警信息及预警产品的完善提供技术支撑。 相似文献
15.
LIAO Guanghong YANG Chenghao XU Xiaohu SHI Xingang YUAN Yaochu HUANG Weigen 《海洋学报(英文版)》2012,31(5):26-40
The mesoscale eddy and internal wave both are phenomena commonly observed in oceans. It is aimed to investigate how the presence of a mesoscale eddy in the ocean affects wave form deformation of the internal solitary wave propagation. An ocean eddy is produced by a quasi-geostrophic model in f-plane, and the one-dimensional nonlinear variable-coefficient extended Korteweg-de Vries (eKdV) equation is used to simulate an internal solitary wave passing through the mesoscale eddy field. The results suggest that the mode structures of the linear internal wave are modified due to the presence of the mesoscale eddy field. A cyclonic eddy and an anticyclonic eddy have different influences on the background environment of the internal solitary wave propagation. The existence of a mesoscale eddy field has almost no prominent impact on the propagation of a smallamplitude internal solitary wave only based on the first mode vertical structure, but the mesoscale eddy background field exerts a considerable influence on the solitary wave propagation if considering high-mode vertical structures. Furthermore, whether an internal solitary wave first passes through anticyclonic eddy or cyclonic eddy, the deformation of wave profiles is different. Many observations of solitary internal waves in the real oceans suggest the formation of the waves. Apart from topography effect, it is shown that the mesoscale eddy background field is also a considerable factor which influences the internal solitary wave propagation and deformation. 相似文献
16.
In this paper, a modified dynamic coherent eddy model (DCEM) of large eddy simulation is applied to study internal solitary waves in a numerical flume. The model was verified by physical experiment and applied to investigate the potential influence factors on internal wave amplitude. In addition, we discussed the energy loss of internal solitary wave as well as hydrodynamics in the propagation. The results of our study show that (1) Step-depth is the most sensitive factor on wave amplitude for the “step-pool” internal wave generation method and the wave amplitudes obey a linear increase with step depth, and the increase rate is about 0.4. (2) Wave energy loss obeys a linear decrease with the propagation distance and its loss rate of large amplitude waves is smaller than that of small amplitude waves. (3) Loss of kinetic energy in wave valley is larger than that near the interface due to relative high fluctuating frequency. (4) Discovered boundary jet-flow can intensify the bottom shear, which might be one of the mechanisms of substance transportation, and the boundary layers of jet flows are easily influenced by the adjacent waves. 相似文献
17.
Acoustic signal parameter estimation is important for diverse marine geodesy surveys and several other applications. However, the received signal from a far-field target characterized by planar wavefront propagation is frequently affected by strong nearby interfering signals. Their presence deteriorates the performance of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for far-field target. In order to enhance the reception of signal from far-field target, the near-field/far-field (NFFF) beamformer is proposed. Such a beamformer optimizes beam pattern for far-field detection by maximizing beamformer output in the direction of the far-field target with the imposed condition to eliminate interfering signals generated in near-field locations. As the interference suppression only occurs at the position of near-field interference, a possible blind zone for far-field detection in conventional methods is not created. The NFFF beamformer is applicable for coherent signals and the scenario with multi interferences. For stationary situation where interferers locations are fixed, the NFFF beamformer computations do not require time updates with associated computational load. Furthermore the proposed method can be extended to several new situations such as acoustic monitoring performed from a stationary platform subjected to water currents, waves, winds and other variables, all of them generating nearby interferences and also to different array configurations including 2D and 3D arrays. 相似文献
18.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2007,54(9):1486-1508
The generation of internal tidal wave fields by barotropic tidal flow past a representative seamount is computed by modelling the seamount as a pillbox, and linearising the equations for internal wave dynamics. This is justifiable for mid-ocean seamounts, which constitute steep topography for internal waves of tidal frequency. For linearly polarised barotropic tidal flow, the resulting flow field consists of conical beams radiating from the region above the seamount, with largest velocities aligned with the barotropic flow. These beams vary with azimuthal angle but resemble the corresponding beams from two-dimensional steep topography, particularly in the barotropic flow direction. They are primarily forced by the barotropic flow over the seamount, which is amplified by the topography and is independent of the stratification if the radius of the seamount is sufficiently large. In a barotropic tidal flow of 1 cm/s amplitude, energy fluxes from individual seamounts are of order 106 W. Summing this over all seamounts higher than 1 km gives baroclinic energy generation of order 5.109 W, a number that is less than estimates of baroclinic energy flux from the continental slopes and the Hawaiian ridge, but is comparable with them. 相似文献