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应用能量色散X射线荧光光谱(EDXRF)分析了黄海潮间带繁茂膜海绵(Hymeniacidon perleve)和肾指海绵(Reniochalina sp.)的无机元素，其中硅是两种海绵中最多的无机元素。繁茂膜海绵较肾指海绵的锌含量高，参照文献数据推测这可能是该属海绵的特性。测定了2种海绵的含水量，有机碳、氮、氢元素和氯基酸在海绵干质量中的比例。分析了繁茂膜海绵在2002年8月到11月中主要无机元素的变化，发现繁茂膜海绵中的硅含量在降低。繁茂膜海绵的氨基酸总量远高于肾指海绵，2种海绵中含量较高的氨基酸是甘氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、亮氨酸、缬氨酸、赖氨酸等。元素与氨基酸分析将对海绵细胞培养基开发有帮助。 相似文献
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沉积物中重金属区域环境背景的构建——以广西潮间带为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于2007年采自广西潮间带的?6?根短柱样,在沉积物粒度、有机碳、常量元素（Al、Fe和Ti）、重金属元素（Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr和As）以及?210Pb?分析的基础上,利用深层“清洁”沉积物中重金属与归一化元素间的线性回归构建了广西潮间带区域环境背景线。本文选用?Al?元素作为广西潮间带沉积物中的归一化元素。并借助于富集系数清晰展现了近期人类活动对广西潮间带沉积物的影响程度,这对研究广西乃至全国临海陆域人类活动的排污史有着重要借鉴意义。 相似文献
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福建海岛潮间带底栖生物群落生态的研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
对福建海岛潮间带大型底栖生物共鉴定862种，其中动物为734种，藻类为128种。对11个主要海鸟的潮间带生物群落测定Jaccard群落系数，应用加权均值联结法聚类分析及极坐标排序分析，海岛潮间带生物群落可分为3个类型：（1）开敞海域群落，宏观上分布于地处远岸水域的海岛或近岸凸出部、开阔部水域的海岛；（2）近岸港湾群落，分布于近岸或港湾的海岛；（3）河口群落，分布于河口区的海岛。群落种类组成和海岛所在地理集团及其生境密切相关。盐度水扰动程度是影响群落分 布的主要因子。 相似文献
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海绵共附生微生物基因多态性的RAPD-PCR分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用传统分离手段对中国南海海域的细薄星芒海绵（Stelletta tenui（Lindgren，1897）1、皱皮软海绵（Halichondria rugosa（Ridley＆Dendy））、澳大利亚厚皮海绵（Craniella australiensis（Carter））、贪婪倔海绵（Dysidea avara（Schmidt））4种海绵体内的微生物进行了分离培养，随机挑选64株芽孢杆菌属细菌（每种海绵16株）进行了RAPD-PCR基因多态性分析。研究表明，一些海绵微生物是可以通过传统分离手段得到的，来自同一或者不同海绵的微生物均具有丰富的基因多态性。 相似文献
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Dong Shugang 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(Z1):65-70
对青岛市沿岸旅游区潮间带海水的营养状况和底栖 海藻的种类组成和生物量进行了调查。结果表明,青岛沿岸潮间带海水无机氮、磷的含量较 高,呈富营养状态。调查海区共发现底栖海藻51种,其中有红藻30种、褐藻11种和绿藻10种 。 相似文献
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螺旋藻对中老年保健的作用 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本文就螺旋藻在中老年医疗保健、防病治病等方面的作用进行阐述。１平衡营养，提高机体免疫力螺旋藻的化学组成［８，１９，２０］具有以下特点：（１）蛋白质含量比高蛋白代表食品──牛肉、鸡蛋分别高２．３和３．６倍［１２］；含有１８种氨基酸及人体全部必需氨基酸，其组成基本达到ＦＡＯ／ＷＨＯ确立的理想标准［２０］。（２）不饱和脂肪酸含量较多，其中亚油酸和亚麻酸含量最丰富［２２］。（３）矿质成分由多种常量元素（较丰富的有Ｆｅ，Ｋ，Ｍｇ等）和微量元素组成。（４）维生素种类多（十几种），含量丰富；含有植物中少见的Ｂ… 相似文献
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福建深沪湾潮间带全新世有孔虫及其环境意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文对深沪湾西部潮间带表层沉积物和两个钻孔岩芯共30个样品的有孔虫组成进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明，表层沉积物中有孔虫群分布规律明显，随着离岸向海越远，水深越大，有孔虫娄量从1倍数上升到5位数，种数为9-69种，多变度V31-44，复合分异度H（s)3.25-3.25。从钻孔岩芯中的全新世有孔虫群特征可看出，中全新世以来海面升降和海洋环境可分为2个阶段：（1）海水初到钻孔位置，有孔虫数量和种数较少，分异度不高，海相性程度较低。（2）后期（埋深1.8m和2.0m以浅），海面有所升高，变为潮间带（高潮位→中潮位→低潮位）环境。 相似文献
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基于主成分分析法的泉州湾表层沉积物中重金属污染可能来源分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过测定泉州湾潮间带表层沉积物中重金属含量,并用地质累积指数（Igeo）对各重金属元素的污染状况进行了评价,发现泉州湾表层沉积物中各重金属元素污染状况可分为4类：无污染（Igeo〈0）的元素为Co（Igeo=-0.67）;轻-中度污染（0〈Igeo〈1）的元素为Cr（Igeo=0.65）、As（Igeo=0.52）、Zn（Igeo=0.75）、Pb（Igeo=0.11）;中度污染（1〈Igeo〈2）的元素为Cu（Igeo=1.58）、Ni（Igeo=1.32）、Mn（Igeo=1.08）;极严重污染（Igeo〉5）的元素为Cd（Igeo=8.70）.通过主成分分析法（PCA）进一步研究了沉积物中重金属的来源,发现前3个主成分的贡献率分别为32.884%、31.676%、21.988%.这表明重金属污染主要有3个来源：即工业点源排污;矿物开采及农业化肥农药使用的非点源污染;岩石的自然风化侵蚀过程和有机质降解产生的内源释放.同时聚类分析结果表明,调查的9个站位根据其在重金属污染程度上的差异,可分为3个大类：2～7号站位为第1类;1号站位为第2类;8、9号站位为第3类.这反映了泉州湾潮间带表层沉积物中的重金属污染物空间分布特点即重金属污染物含量由湾内向湾外逐渐降低,同时也支持了晋江和洛阳江的工业点源排污、矿物开采和化肥农药残留的非点源污染是沉积物中重金属主要污染源的分析. 相似文献
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It is well known that marine sponges harbor large numbers of bacteria, some of which have been proved to be sponge-specific. The diversity of bacteria in marine sponges distributed along the coast of South China Sea has been previously studied but that of bacteria in sponges inhabiting the open sea has been rarely investigated. In this report, the diversity of bacteria associated with the marine sponge Agelas robusta from a remote coral reef in the South China Sea was documented employing 16S rDNA library construction, amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and phylogenetic analysis. A total of 32 phylotypes were finally categorized in nine phyla including Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes and Gemmatimonadetes. The dominant phylum was Proteobacteria whereas the dominant genus was Synechococcus in Cyanobacteria. Some spongespecific bacteria were also found in the bacteria population, but the proportion (5 OTUs/32 OTUs) was much lower than other sponges. This study reveals the phylogenetic diversity of bacteria in A. robusta and confirms the presence of some sponge-specific bacteria in the South China Sea. Understanding the diversity of sponge-associated bacteria in China assists to exploit the bacteria resources for biotechnology. 相似文献
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Yalan Chou Jiann Yuh Lou Chen-Tung Arthur Chen Li-Lian Liu 《Journal of Oceanography》2012,68(6):905-912
Biogenic silica (BSi) in marine sediments is an important indicator of siliceous organism distributions and paleoproductivities. Organisms that have BSi skeletons include diatoms, silicoflagellates, radiolarians and sponges. This study presents, for the first time, the distribution of biogenic siliceous fragments in shallow water sediments around Taiwan and the Sunda Shelf, which belong to this rarely studied region of the South China Sea (SCS). Thirty-one surface sediment samples were collected from intertidal to depths of 1,100?m. Only sponge spicules were found in this study and the abundance varied in the range of 3?C7,910?n?g?1 sediment. Combining previous studies with ours, from shallow to deep, it was observed that BSi composition in the surface sediment of this area changed from sponge spicules in the Sunda Shelf, followed by sponge spicules and radiolarians in the southwestern SCS, to sponge spicules, radiolarians and diatoms in the southern SCS. Based on this study, the abundance of sponge spicules correlated positively and negatively with water depth and sediment grain size when coral reef sites were excluded. The low spicule abundance in shallow waters may have resulted from local current conditions and the dilution effect through riverine input of terrestrial sediment. Other possible explanations for the varying spicule abundance among sites are the difference in local fauna, such as coral reefs which usually have high diversity and abundance of sponges. The findings provide additional information on the process of recent BSi deposition which may help future studies in sedimentology, paleogeography and paleoenvironments. 相似文献
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南海中部晚更新世以来沉积物常量元素组分含量分布特征及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究南海中部沉积物中常量元素组分含量的分布特征及其影响因素,对南海中部中沙以南陆坡一深海盆区的表层沉积物和2根柱状样进行了Si02、A1：O。、Fe：03、TiO：、K：O、MnO、P：O,、CaCO,等常量元素组分及生物硅（BSi）含量的分析．结果显示,南海中部表层沉积物中SiO：、A1：03、Fe：O3、TiO小K：O等与陆源碎屑矿物有关的常量元素组分含量的变化主要受生源CaCO,含量的控制,而CaCO,的含量,则受水深的控制．CaCO,含量与水深的关系表明,研究区CaCO。临界补偿深度约为3800m．受底层洋流的控制,研究区海山附近硅质生物碎屑局部富集,并稀释其他元素含量．研究区表层沉积物中的MnO和P：O,含量的分布规律不同于其他常量元素组分,其中,Mn可能部分交代CaCO,中的Ca,P,O,部分可能为海底超基性岩海解来源的．2根柱样的地球化学变化特征显示,晚更新世以来,南海中部CaCO,临界补偿深度以浅海底沉积物中除Mn和P以外的其他各常量元素含量受生源CaCO,含量的影响,而在CaCO。临界补偿深度以深的海域,则受BSi含量的影响．南海中部沉积物柱样中的CaCO,和BSi含量变化与全球变化有关,可作为古气候环境变化研究的代用指标．摘要：为研究南海中部沉积物中常量元素组分含量的分布特征及其影响因素,对南海中部中沙以南陆坡一深海盆区的表层沉积物和2根柱状样进行了Si02、A120。、Fe20。、TiO：、K20、MnO、P20,、CaCO,等常量元素组分及生物硅（BSi）含量的分析．结果显示,南海中部表层沉积物中SiO：、A1：03、Fe20¨TiO小K：O等与陆源碎屑矿物有关的常量元素组分含量的变化主要受生源CaCO,含量的控制,而CaCO,的含量,则受水深的控制．CaCO,含量与水深的关系表明,研究区CaCO,临界补偿深度约为3800m．受底层洋流的控制,研究区海山附近硅质生物碎屑局部富集,并稀释其他元素含量．研究区表层沉积物中的MnO和P：O,含量的分布规律不同于其他常量元素组分,其中,Mn可能部分交代CaCO,中的Ca,P,O,部分可能为海底超基性岩海解来源的．2根柱样的地球化学变化特征显示,晚更新世以来,南海中部CaCO,临界补偿深度以浅海底沉积物中除Mn和P以外的其他各常量元素含量受生源CaCO,含量的影响,而在CaCO,临界补偿深度以深的海域,则受BSi含量的影响．南海中部沉积物柱样中的CaCO,和BSi含量变化与全球变化有关,可作为古气候环境变化研究的代用指标. 相似文献
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中国海域固体矿产资源分布及其区划——砂矿资源和铁锰(微)结核-结壳 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
综述和研究了我国海域砂矿资源和(微)结核—结壳的分布及其区划。我国的滨海砂矿广泛分布于渤海、黄海、东海和南海,但各省区的砂矿资源分布不同。近年来在我国海域新发现和圈定了多处砂矿品位异常区和矿物高含量区,可分为3个成矿带和24个成矿远景区,资源储量可观。在黄海、东海仅分布铁锰结核,没有发现铁锰结壳,但它们的金属元素含量低,没有潜在资源意义。南海东北陆坡、中央海盆西部和中部是(微)结核、结壳分布较多的区域。南海东北陆坡、海山及其周缘坡脚处的(微)结核、结壳其稀土元素含量较高,可能具有一定的潜在经济价值,今后调查中应引起重视。 相似文献
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Despite the wide range of functional roles performed by marine sponges they are still poorly represented in many research, monitoring and conservation programmes. The aim of this review is to examine recent developments in our understanding of sponge functional roles in tropical, temperate and polar ecosystems. Functions have been categorised into three areas: (a) impacts on substrate (including bioerosion, reef creation, and substrate stabilisation, consolidation and regeneration); (b) bentho-pelagic coupling (including carbon cycling, silicon cycling, oxygen depletion and nitrogen cycling); and (c) associations with other organisms (facilitating primary production, secondary production, provision of microhabitat, enhanced predation protection, survival success, range expansions and camouflage though association with sponges, sponges as a settlement substrate, disrupting near-boundary and reef level flow regimes, sponges as agents of biological disturbance, sponges as releasers of chemicals and sponges as tools for other organisms). The importance of sponges on substrate, sponge bentho-pelagic coupling, and sponge interactions and associations is described. Although the scientific evidence strongly supports the significance and widespread nature of these functional roles sponges still remain underappreciated in marine systems. 相似文献
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南海铁锰结核(壳)的地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了南海中部铁锰结核(壳)的地球化学特征。南海铁锰结核(壳)以高Mn富Ni为特征。但不同沉积部位的铁锰结核(壳),化学成分也有一定的差异,这是受不同沉积区的物源特性,地化环境差异和沉积成矿过程中环境的变化所影响的结果。 相似文献
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Eleni Voultsiadou Marianthi Kyrodimou Chryssanthi Antoniadou Dimitris Vafidis 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
The study of epibionts on habitat engineering ascidians is of increasing interest because changes in the population structure of the latter may affect associated communities, especially in the case of commercially exploited species. The solitary ascidian Microcosmus sabatieri lives on rocky cliffs in the Eastern Mediterranean and is harvested in certain Aegean areas. Its hard, wrinkled tunic is usually fouled by various epibionts both sessile and motile. Sponges are an important component of this complex and their biomass may be higher than that of the ascidian itself, strongly affecting diversity and abundance of the motile epifauna. The aim of this study was to examine in detail the structure of the epibiotic sponge assemblage on ascidians collected from their main fishing grounds in the South Aegean Sea. A rich (41 species) and taxonomically diverse sponge assemblage was found, while only eight species contributed 80% of the total sponge cover. Most of the epibiotic sponges commonly grow on the surrounding sublittoral cliffs. The encrusting sponge growth form prevailed in cover of the ascidian tunic, while two massive species dominated in terms of frequency of appearance and abundance. Ascidian dimensions, weight and volume were significantly correlated with sponge diversity, abundance and cover area, thus structuring the epibiotic sponge assemblage. Spatial patterns in sponge cover were not clear, but a general declining NW to SE trend in sponge richness, abundance and cover appeared in accordance with previous records. Sponge distribution on the ascidian tunic presented a clear pattern related with characteristic features of the ascidian: the posterior zone supported the richest and most expansive sponge fauna. The ecosystem-engineering process performed by the ascidian is enhanced by the diverse epibiotic sponge assemblage, thus further increasing habitat complexity in this space-limited, temperate, sublittoral, rocky environment. 相似文献
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本研究发现了采集于南海北部湾和琼州海峡的一个海绵新记录种,白银拟族海绵。该种是丛生薄管状,具有很多分叉的树枝状结构,同一根独立的管粗细均匀。标本在酒精中的颜色为淡褐色,出水口处颜色稍浅。海绵坚硬且脆度大,一层大二辐骨针在海绵表面构成致密的骨架结构,有少量骨针的辐会伸出表面。骨针分为三类:大二辐骨针和小二辐骨针;成对辐与无对生辐长度及形态差异非常明显的四种羽状三辐骨针;基辐与顶辐差异不明显且均与三辐骨针的辐相似的四辐骨针,这三种骨针按照固定的方式组合在一起构成骨架结构。水沟系是双沟型。领细胞室没有关节结构。 相似文献
19.
The Sponge Community of a Semi-Submerged Mediterranean Cave 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Giuseppe Corriero Lidia Scalera Liaci Daniela Ruggiero & Maurizio Pansini 《Marine Ecology》2000,21(1):85-96
Abstract. The sponge fauna of a semi-submerged cave from the Tremiti Archipelago (Adriatic Sea) was studied, and its distribution was analyzed in relation to abiotic (water-movement and light gradients) and biotic (algae and anthozoan substrate cover) ecological factors. Fifty-five species of sponges were recorded. The number of species and the abundance values of sponges increase in the first part of the cave, then progressively decrease, with a sharp fall at the end of the cave. The quick disappearance of algae along the light gradient allows sponges to thrive in the first portion of the cave. The subsequent, progressive decrement of sponges could be the result of food depletion phenomena due to a long persistence of the water body in this long cavity. A high water-turbulence, due to the peculiar morphology of the cave and indicated by the recorded values of water-movement, occurs at the end of the cavity and probably determines the sharp decrement of sponges in the inner portion of the cave. This turbulence may also explain the absence of typical still-water cave species and probably affects the type of development (shape, overgrowth) of the sponges in the community. 相似文献