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1.
在室内可控条件下,比较和分析了青岛大扁藻Tetrasemis helgolandica、球等鞭金藻Isochrysis galbana、角毛藻Chaetoceros calcitrans、微绿球藻Nannochloropsis oculata和绿色巴夫藻Pavlovaviridis5种微藻对泥蚶Tegillarca granosa、缢蛏Sinonovacula constricta、青蛤Cyclina sinensis和彩虹明樱蛤Moerella iridescens4种滩涂贝类稚贝生长的影响。结果显示,在培养初期(5~6 d),投喂不同微藻的稚贝实验样品生长速度差异并不明显,但培养9~10 d后,各实验组稚贝实验样品的生长速度开始出现明显差异:投喂角毛藻、球等鞭金藻的泥蚶和缢蛏稚贝实验样品及投喂角毛藻、青岛大扁藻的青蛤和彩虹明樱蛤稚贝实验样品,运动能力强,生长迅速、整齐,经过15~18 d的培养,成活率达85%以上;投喂微绿球藻的4种稚贝实验样品,运动能力弱,生长缓慢、不整齐,成活率低于20%。投喂角毛藻的泥蚶、缢蛏和青蛤稚贝实验样品的生长速度最快;投喂青岛大扁藻的彩虹明樱蛤稚贝实验样品的生长速度最快,而投喂角毛藻的彩虹明樱蛤稚贝实验样品的生长速度与之非常接近。角毛藻对泥蚶、缢蛏和彩虹明樱蛤稚贝实验样品的饵料效果最好,球等鞭金藻次之;青岛大扁藻对青蛤和彩虹明樱蛤稚贝实验样品的饵料效果与角毛藻非常接近,而青岛大扁藻对泥蚶和缢蛏稚贝实验样品的饵料效果较差;绿色巴夫藻的饵料效果与球等鞭金藻类似但均比球等鞭金藻差;微绿球藻的饵料效果最差。用颗粒粒度计数分析仪分析泥蚶和青蛤稚贝实验样品对5种微藻的选择性滤食后发现,最先被泥蚶稚贝实验样品滤食干净的是角毛藻,其后是球等鞭金藻;泥蚶稚贝实验样品开始滤食青岛大扁藻时的速度较慢,但当角毛藻和球等鞭金藻被滤尽后,青岛大扁藻也被迅速滤食,泥蚶稚贝实验样品滤食微绿球藻的速度最慢;最先被青蛤稚贝实验样品滤净的也是角毛藻,其后是青岛大扁藻,在角毛藻和青岛大扁藻被滤尽后,球等鞭金藻也迅速被滤食干净,微绿球藻同样是最慢被滤食的。可见,贝类稚贝总是优先滤食饵料效果好的微藻,饵料效果最差的微藻被贝类稚贝滤食的速度最慢。 相似文献
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贝类的生长和代谢过程可能会受到高CO2浓度的影响。潜沙行为和酶活性是贝类响应环境变化的重要指标,但其对海水CO2浓度升高响应的研究鲜有报道。本文采用CO2加富培养实验的方法,研究了高CO2浓度条件对魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)稚贝潜沙能力和超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(Acetylcholinesterase,AChE)3种酶活性的影响。结果表明,CO2组(1 000μatm)培养水体中DIC浓度显著高于对照组,魁蚶稚贝初次潜沙时间((5.73±0.51)min)相比对照组((7.80±1.27)min)明显缩短,潜沙率((69.67±5.13)%)相比对照组((61.33±3.21)%)明显升高。实验开始时魁蚶稚贝壳长为(17.20±0.03)mm,实验结束时CO2组魁蚶稚贝壳未出现明显生长((17.24±0.02)mm),显著低于对照组魁蚶稚贝壳长(17.37±0.07)mm。CO2组魁蚶稚贝SOD活性在培养第2和第4天时显著高于对照组(P0.01),之后出现下降并与对照组无显著差异;CO2组和对照组魁蚶稚贝CAT活性在前4天均上升,之后CO2组魁蚶稚贝CAT活性基本不变,而对照组出现下降;两实验组魁蚶稚贝AChE活性在培养过程中无明显差异。高CO2浓度条件下魁蚶稚贝壳的生长受到影响,潜沙过程受到促进,3种酶活性在培养过程中的变化趋势存在差异,未来海洋酸化可能会影响魁蚶的养殖。 相似文献
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本文研究了小刀蛏(Cultellus attenuatus)室内人工育苗技术。在繁殖季节选择壳长7.5 cm亲贝,采用铺泥沙蓄养培育,以阴干+维生素浸泡刺激法获得精、卵,幼虫培育中人工控制幼虫密度,D形幼虫到壳顶幼虫前期为5～6个/mL,壳顶幼虫后期为1～2个/mL。进行了不同运输方式和不同底质亲贝蓄养比较试验、不同底质附着基采苗方法试验以及稚贝无底质上升流培育和不同盐度培育试验。研究表明,采用铺细沙加冰的运输方法亲贝成活率最高,干露9 h成活率可达90%;以纯海泥底质蓄养的亲贝肥满度和成活率最高;无底质采苗和铺泥采苗对幼虫变态率的影响没有差异;无底质采苗的稚贝,其生长速度明显慢于铺泥采苗;小刀蛏稚贝不宜用上升流进行培育,宜采用铺泥培育的方法;盐度为15时,稚贝培养效果最好,生长速度快、成活率高,盐度为35时培养效果最差。采用上述技术,成功培育出3 mm以上的商品苗2 000万粒,育苗效果显著。 相似文献
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魁蚶生产性间断升温育苗技术的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文介绍魁蚶间断升温育苗方法，从改善亲贝蓄养条件入后，促使亲贝快速成熟自然产卵，并进行洗卵。在幼虫培育时，加强营养，加大换水，及时筛选不同大小的幼虫分池培养。严格海上中间培养管理，使每立方水体出苗量达３１万个，取得了明显的经济效益。 相似文献
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大型藻酶解单细胞用于贝类育苗的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用海藻工具酶将紫菜和裙带菜解离成单细胞作为饵料对海湾扇贝亲贝和幼体、魁蚶亲贝和皱纹盘鲍稚鲍进行了研究。结果表明：(1)海湾扇贝亲贝全喂紫菜细胞其效果与喂全微藻的效果相近，亲贝都能成熟，排放精卵和正常胚胎发育。微藻与紫菜细胞混合投喂可加速性腺发育，性腺指数较高。全喂紫菜细胞能够满足幼体的生长发育和变态。但变态率、生长率较全喂微藻和混合投喂的低。(2)紫菜细胞和微藻分别或混合投喂魁蚶亲贝，都能满足亲贝的性腺发育，进行正常受精、孵化和变为D形幼体。(3)用裙带菜细胞投喂稚鲍与人工配合饵料比较，能显著提高稚鲍的存活率。研究表明。由大型藻生产单细胞饵料，在海产动物育苗中具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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海水温度和盐度对泥蚶幼虫和稚贝生长及存活的影响 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
1996～1997和1999年在浙江省乐清市东发水产育苗场和福建省宁德市四海水产育苗场分别研究了海水温度和盐度对泥蚶浮游幼虫和稚贝生长及存活的影响,结果表明,泥蚶浮游幼虫的适宜温度为25～33℃,最适生长温度为28～30℃.稚贝的适宜温度为15～35℃,最适生长温度为25～30℃.浮游幼虫的适宜盐度为16.54～30.02,最适生长盐度为1654～23.38;稚贝的适宜盐度为10.01～30.02,最适生长盐度为10.01～23.38.泥蚶幼虫和稚贝对高温和低盐海水有较强的适应能力,这与它们夏季的繁殖期和自然分布于内湾河口区是相适应的. 相似文献
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泥蚶人工育苗高产技术的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究泥蚶人工育苗的若干技术。提出一些高产措施：如优选亲蚶；高密度来卵再分地洗卵、孵化，高密度培育面盘幼虫；无“底质”采集眼点幼虫，细砂（含极少量泥质和有机质）底质培育稚蚶，加大投饵量和换水量；严格防病等。在生产中取得一定的效果，平均单产稚蚶（壳长0．9±0．2mm）32．90万粒／m2，最高单产59．44万粒／m2。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
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This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
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Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献