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1.
研究了台州湾海域海水和表层沉积物中15种多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度水平,评价了表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集规律,探讨其可能来源.结果表明,表层沉积物中PAHs的浓度范围为85.4 ～ 167.6 ng/g,平均值为138.62 ng/g,总多环芳烃的最大值是椒江码头.表层沉积物中二环、三环、四环、五环和六环多环芳烃占总多环芳烃的百分含量平均值分别为7.8 %,42.1 %, 33.3 %, 9.6 %和 7.2 %,三环多环芳烃的含量最高;表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集系数为532.7 ～ 1068.9,平均值为807.5,单组分菲的富集系数最高为122.7,最小的是苯并(a)芘为2.7;台州湾表层沉积物中的多环芳烃主要来源于燃煤污染,部分来源于石油烃类物质的直接污染. 相似文献
2.
长江口及废黄河口海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃分布特征和生态风险评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2015年10月采集长江口及废黄河口51个沉积物样品,对沉积物中的多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)的含量进行测定,探讨长江口及废黄河口海域表层沉积物中PAHs的分布组成、来源及潜在的生态风险评价。总PAHs的含量范围为4.23~292.39 ng/g,平均值含量为67.40 ng/g。研究区样品的PAHs含量呈现"北部低南部高"的空间分布特征,舟山群岛东部区域PAHs含量普遍偏高,长江口次之,废黄河口最低。与国内其他海区相比,研究区域PAHs总体处于中低等污染水平。运用统计分析和特征比值法对来源进行分析,研究区域沉积物中PAHs主要是以4环、5环为主,来源分析显示PAHs的主要来源为各类燃烧源及石油源的混合来源。根据效应区间低/中值法(ERL/ERM)评价结果显示,长江口及废黄河口海域的潜在生态风险很小,但对生态有一定的潜在威胁,也应该引起重视。 相似文献
3.
台州湾海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃的浓度水平、富集规律及来源 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
研究了台州湾海域海水和表层沉积物中15种多环芳烃(PAHs) 的浓度水平,评价了表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集规律,探讨其可能来源.结果表明,表层沉积物中 PAHs 的浓度范围为85.4～167.6 ng / g,平均值为138.62 ng/g,总多环芳烃的最大值是椒江码头.表层沉积物中二环、三环、四环、五环和六环多环芳烃占总多环芳烃的百分含量平均值分别为7.8 %,42.1 %,33.3 %,9.6 % 和 7.2 %,三环多环芳烃的含量最高;表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集系数为 532.7～1 068.9,平均值为 807.5,单组分菲的富集系数最高为 122.7,最小的是苯并(a) 芘为 2.7;台州湾表层沉积物中的多环芳烃主要来源于燃煤污染,部分来源于石油烃类物质的直接污染. 相似文献
4.
中国北部辽东湾表层沉积物中PAHs源解析和生态风险评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ZHANG Yufeng WU Jinhao SONG Lun SONG Yonggang YANG Meng WANG Nianbin HAN Jiabo GUAN Daoming 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(4):12-21
研究于2014年和2015年对辽东湾表层沉积物中16种多环芳烃（PAHs）的来源和生态风险状况进行了调查和评估。辽东湾表层沉积物中16种PAHs的含量范围为88.5-347 ng/g，高值区主要分布在辽东湾中部海域。对辽东湾各站位沉积物中多环芳烃的含量进行中聚类分析结果表明，辽东湾的采样站位可分为两类，一类站位主要分布在辽东湾沉积物中部海域，另一类站位主要分布在受陆源污染较为严重的近岸海域。辽东湾表层沉积物中PAHs的来源为燃烧源和石油源的混合来源，其中燃烧源为主要来源。萘、苊、苊烯、菲、二苯并[a,h]蒽可能偶尔会引发有害生物效应；辽东湾表层沉积物为低致癌风险；辽东湾中部海域表层沉积物中PAHs的生态风险和毒性污染水平高于辽东湾近岸海域。 相似文献
5.
2013年5月采集吕泗渔场海域15个站位的表层沉积物,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对样品中的多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)进行了测定,分析了该海域PAHs的分布特征及来源,并对其进行了生态风险评价。结果表明,吕泗渔场表层沉积物中优控的16种PAHs均有检出,PAHs的含量范围为31.5~109.6ng/g,平均值为54.5ng/g。PAHs的浓度整体上呈现由近岸到远海递减的趋势。与国内其他海区相比较,本研究区域的污染处于较低水平;通过特征组分比例确定吕泗渔场大部分站位表现为煤燃烧源、石油燃烧源的混合来源,LS13、LS14、LS15表现为以煤燃烧源为主的单一来源;生态风险评价显示,吕泗渔场表层沉积物中多环芳烃存在严重的生态风险的概率极小。 相似文献
6.
持久性有机污染物因其与环境和人类健康息息相关而受到国内外研究学者的持续关注。本研究以类持久性有机污染物—多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)和新型持久性有机污染物—六溴环十二烷(hexabromocyclododecanes, HBCDs)为研究对象,于2019年1月和2月对九龙江河口表层水体进行了采样分析,采用固相萃取 气质联用(GC MS)方法,分析其表层水体中18种溶解态多环芳烃及3种六溴环十二烷的含量分布特征和组分特征,探究其来源并进行污染评价。结果表明,表层水体中溶解态多环芳烃ΣPAHs含量范围为38.49~256.00 ng/L,各组分以2环和3环为主,4环次之,5环及以上仅有个别站位检出,其来源以石油源为主,主要来源于石油类化石燃料燃烧。HBCDs的含量范围为ND~49.951 ng/L,以α HBCD为主,γ HBCD次之,β HBCD最少。与国内外其他港湾及流域相比,九龙江河口PAHs含量依然处于较高水平,HBCDs含量则处于相对较低水平。 相似文献
7.
《海洋地质前沿》2017,(8)
利用气相色谱/质谱方法对三沙湾表层沉积物中多氯联苯(PCBs)、多环芳烃(PAHs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)进行测定,结果表明,PCBs、PAHs和OCPs的含量均值分别为1.28、61.76和1.18ng/g。与早期研究结果相比,PCBs含量浓度明显降低,表明其污染已得到有效控制;PAHs中高分子量组分普遍存在,通过分析菲/蒽和荧蒽/芘比值,判断其主要来源为燃料的高温燃烧;HCHs和DDTs是主要的有机氯农药污染物,二者的残留特征表明其主要来源为早期历史残留,且表层沉积物受到厌氧微生物降解。总体而言,三沙湾表层沉积物中PCBs、PAHs和OCPs的污染程度及生态风险均处于较低水平。 相似文献
8.
厦门西海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃含量分布及生态风险评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2004年11月30日至12月1日连续两天采集厦门西海域10个站位表层沉积物样品,参照美国EPA标准方法及采用气相色谱与质谱联用(GC/MS)技术,对表层沉积物样品中的多环芳烃(PAHs)进行测定分析.结果表明,厦门西海域表层沉积物样品中16种PAHs的总含量为198.2-1061.6 ng·g-1,平均值为723.51 ng·g-1,能检出的PAHs均以2-4环的芳香物为主;10个站位中X1、X2、X3、X6及M2站位的PAHs主要来源于化石燃料的不完全燃烧,其他站位以石油泄漏为主要来源.对PAHs的生态风险评价结果表明,厦门西海域表层沉积物中PAHs的环境毒性相对较低,说明该海域表层沉积物中PAHs对生物的危害程度较轻. 相似文献
9.
大亚湾海域水体和沉积物中多环芳烃分布及其生态危害评价 总被引：26，自引：2，他引：26
1999年8月首次采集大亚湾海域14个站位的次表层水和表层沉积物样品,分析其中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)单体的含量,探讨其可能的来源,并进行典型有机污染物生态危害评价。结果表明,海水中PAHs平均含量为10984±8461ng·L-1,变化范围为4228—29325ng·L-1;表层沉积物中PAHs平均含量为481±316ng·g-1,变化范围为115—1134ng·g-1;大亚湾海域PAHs含量比其它近岸海区相对较高。PAHs的组成在水体中以3环为主,在沉积物中以4环为主。菲/蒽和荧蒽/芘比值显示沉积物中PAHs来自化石燃料的燃烧和成岩作用的输入。PAHs在沉积物/水中的富集系数平均值为72,变化范围为9—756。大亚湾海域水体PAHs污染严重而表层沉积物污染较轻,显示尚有较大量的PAHs输入。为保持大亚湾海洋生态系统的可持续发展,必须加强PAHs的监测,特别是生物体中PAHs含量的分析。 相似文献
10.
近岸海域是绝大数污染物的最终归宿,其中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染目前已成为国内外环境问题的焦点之一[1~3].20世纪80年代以来,国内外对河口湾、港湾、近岸海域等海洋环境中PAHs的含量、组成、分布、归趋及来源等做了大量的调查[4~15].比如,中国科学院广州地化所对珠三角水域和厦门大学对厦门港一带均做了大量的工作,结果发现表层沉积物中16种优控PAHs总量在珠江口达到156~9220 ng/g,闽江口为175~817ng/g,厦门西港则在196~675 ng/g之间,证明我国东南沿海主要河口及港湾沉积物中的PAHs污染已经达到中等水平[13~15]. 相似文献
11.
东海表层水体中的多环芳烃及其沉积通量估算 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以东海陆架水体中溶解态多环芳烃(PAHs)含量为基础,引入颗粒相-水相间的物质吸附系数(Koc)计算悬浮颗粒物中PAHs有机碳归一化含量,结合陆架沉积物有机碳的年埋藏通量,估算东海陆架沉积物中PAHs沉积通量。结果显示:水体中溶解态的15种PAHs总含量为(701±392)ng/L,变化范围为412~1 032ng/L,PAHs组成以3环为主。计算得到的悬浮颗粒物中15种PAHs有机碳归一化含量为20~28μg/g,对应的PAHs沉积通量为150~210t/a。估算结果与实测沉积物中PAHs含量和沉积通量结果基本吻合,表明实验室模拟实验获取的化合物Koc值适用于东海颗粒相-水相间的分配模型,证实悬浮颗粒物有机碳含量在控制PAHs两相分布过程中起着重要作用。同时,该方法为海洋沉积物中PAHs沉积通量的估算提供一种新途径。 相似文献
12.
Seven stations were established in the Quanzhou Bay (24.73°-24.96°N, 118.50°-118.70°E) in China on three cruises to determine the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the numbers of PAH-degrading bacteria in surface sediments. Assessing the biodegradation poten- tial of indigenous microorganisms by measuring the respiratory intensity with the addition of PAHs in sediment samples was also one of the aims of this study. The results show that the total PAH concentrations of the sedimen... 相似文献
13.
夏季珠江口水体中多环芳烃的分布、组成及来源 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1999年7月对珠江口海域的调查资料,对该区表层海水中优控多环芳烃的分布、组成及来源进行了分析和讨论,结果表明:(1)夏季珠江口海域表层海水中14种溶解态多环芳烃[苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、艹屈、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)艹北、茚并(1,2,3-cd)艹比]的质量浓度为63.8~171.7 ng/L,且沿着冲淡水流向呈降低趋势;(2)颗粒态中15种多环芳烃[萘、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、艹屈、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)艹北、茚并(1,2,3-cd)艹比]的质量浓度为60.7~186.7 ng/L,其分布与水体载沙量及悬浮颗粒物的性质、粒径有关,具有从河口内向外海降低的分布特征;(3)多环芳烃组成和特征参数比值的分析表明,珠江口海域高温裂解来源的多环芳烃在伶仃洋海区输入最多,且主要为人类活动中煤燃烧排放的,而在香港岛周围海区的输入则相对较少,且主要为油燃烧排放的;(4)与法国塞纳河及长江口等河口相比,珠江三角洲海域水体中存在高菲含量排放源。 相似文献
14.
Terry L. Wade Yousra Soliman Stephen T. Sweet Gary A. Wolff Bobby J. Presley 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2008,55(24-26):2585
The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace elements were determined for surface (top 2 cm) sediment samples collected during the deep Gulf of Mexico benthos (DGoMB) study .These elements and compounds are known to be toxic to organisms at high concentrations and may affect biological communities. There is no indication of major anthropogenic input of the elements Be, Co, Cr, Fe, Si, Tl, V, K, Mg, Ca, Sr and Zn, based on normalization to Al. The concentrations of these metals in the sediment are a function of the relative amounts of trace-metal-rich Mississippi River-derived silicate material and trace-metal-poor plankton-derived carbonate. This is not true for the elements Ba, Ni, Pb, Cd, As, Cu and Mn, whose concentrations show considerable scatter when normalized to Al and a general enrichment. On a normalized basis, Mn is enriched 5–10 fold, Cu and Ni 2–3 fold and Pb 2 fold over Mississippi River-derived material. These enrichments are likely the result of remobilization of metals from depths in the sediment column where reducing conditions exist. The Ba concentrations at selected sites are higher than those of average clay-rich sediments, but are typical of sediments from near oil well platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico. In the case of Ba, it seems likely that the enrichments, as high as a factor of 10, are due to disposal of oil well drilling mud. The Ba-enriched samples are from the three shallowest water sites in the Mississippi Trough (sites MT1, 2 and 3) and from site C1 and WC5. All are in an area of intense petroleum exploration and development. PAH concentrations are also elevated at MT1, MT3 and C1. The total PAH concentration ranged from not detected (ND) to 1033 ng/g with a mean of 140 ng/g. Even at the sites most enriched in PAHs and trace elements, the concentrations are not at the levels expected to adversely affect the biota. However, these predicted non-effects are based on research using mostly near-shore estuarine species, not on the indigenous species at the sampling sites. 相似文献
15.
本文选取了辽宁省盘锦市红海滩6个采样点的沉积物,通过测定其中重金属和石油各组分的含量,调查盘锦红海滩的重金属和石油的污染情况。结果表明,各采样点中除退化区的Cu和茂盛区的Pb含量高于《海洋沉积物质量标准》(GB18668-2002)Ⅰ类标准外,其他各区域重金属含量均低于(GB 18668-2002)Ⅰ类标准。茂盛区的植物必需金属Fe、Mg、K含量在36.9～46.1 g/kg之间,高于退化区和光滩区的30.7～38.0 g/kg;退化区和茂盛区的土壤样品含油浓度较高,在1.6～5.2 mg/kg之间,光滩区的土壤样品含油浓度较低,为2.5mg/kg,均远低于(GB18668-2002)Ⅰ类标准500mg/kg;退化区的土壤中多环芳烃各组分含量在0.4～51.8ng/g之间,相比于其他地区的0.2～25.0ng/g较高,而光滩区土壤中多环芳烃各组分含量在0.2～3.8 ng/g之间,相比于其他地区的0.3～51.8 ng/g较低;不同区域土壤正构烃的组成(C10～C35)基本相同,但是分布特征存在较大差别。 相似文献
16.
The scope of this work was to evaluate the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their possible sources in two shallow sediment cores from an estuarine area located in the south region of Brazil, the Guaratuba Bay. The estuary is encompassed by an Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of 1306 km2, which is still considered to be pristine, despite recent urban growth. To assess levels of 14 selected PAHs in the sediments, among those listed as “priority pollutants” by the US Environmental Protection Agency, the cores were divided in several sections, followed by extraction, clean-up, fractionation and subsequent analysis using HPLC coupled to a fluorescence detector. Among the PAHs detected, phenanthrene and fluoranthene showed the highest concentrations. PAHs with more than four rings were usually present in low concentrations or were undetectable. To assist in the identification of possible sources, the ratios An/(An + Phe) and Flt/(Flt + Py) (anthracene to anthracene plus phenanthrene and fluoranthene to fluoranthene plus pyrene) and a PCA model were also used. Total concentrations of PAHs ranged between 1.5 and 3130 ng/g (mean 495) dry weight for the core collected in the inner part of the estuary, and between 78.5 and 3270 ng/g (mean 899) dry weight for the other core, collected in the outer part. Compared to values found in other studies in coastal zones along South American eastern margin, this area can be considered to range from low polluted to moderately polluted. From the data, it was also possible to conclude that there is predominance of petroleum sources, and essentially close to the more urbanised areas. Combustion sources have only minor contribution and are episodic, when compared to the latter. 相似文献
17.
2007年11-12月采集福建和粤东近岸海域的沉积物样品,对沉积物中的PAHs含量、组成进行研究,分析了研究海域沉积环境中PAHs的分布特征、来源,并利用Long等人建立的评价模式对PAHs的生态风险进行了评价.研究结果为深入研究海域沉积环境中PAHs的地球化学行为提供了科学依据.结果表明：研究海域PAHs的含量范围为52.93-398.50 ng/g,平均值为170.30 ng/g,研究发现闽江径流是影响海区沉积物中PAHs含量分布的重要因素之一.通过不同环数PAHs的相对丰度和异构体比值分析,对研究海区沉积物中PAHs进行了溯源分析,发现厦门以北海域沉积物中的PAHs主要来自化石燃料燃烧,而厦门以南海域则主要来源于石油污染.生态风险评价结果显示,研究海域PAHs对生物体极少产生负面生态效应,潜在生态风险很小. 相似文献
18.
南大西洋沉积物中多环芳香化合物的组成特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
10 samples of sediments obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were measured for the abundances and distributions of polycyclic aromatic compounds(PAHs). The total concentrations of PAHs(∑PAHs) ranged from 2.768 to 9.826 μg/g dry sediment. The ∑PAHs was higher in sample 22V-TVG10 and sample 26V-TVG05 which were close to hydrothermal fields, with the lowest value in sample 22V-TVG14 which was farthest from hydrothermal fields, suggesting a probable hydrothermal origin of ∑PAHs of samples. Approximately nine kinds of PAHs were identified, and low molecular mass tricyclic and tetracyclic aromatic compounds were predominant in the samples. The concentrations of fluoranthene which were typical as hydrothermal alteration compounds were the highest among PAHs with dry weight between 0.913–3.157 μg/g. The phenanthrene homologue was most abundant in the samples, and the ratios between parent phenanthrene and methylphenanthrene which probably reflected the degree of hydrothermal alteration ranged from 0.097 to 1.602. The sample 22V-TVG10 possessing a maximum ratio value showed the intense influence of the hydrothermal alteration on this sample, which might further imply that PAHs in sediments were mainly derived from the hydrothermal alteration. 相似文献