共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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三维荧光谱参量化方法及其在油种鉴别中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
荧光光谱分析方法是溢油油种分析鉴别中一种较为有效的方法。荧光光谱的定性和定量化分析方法是其中的一个重要环节。我们针对油种鉴别的特点,提出了油样三维荧光谱的参量化方法： 相似文献
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用荧光光谱和毛细管GC—FID法鉴别海面溢油 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用荧光光谱和高效毛细管ＧＣ－ＦＤ两种鉴别方法,对发生在秦皇岛东山浴场的一起溢油油样进行了分析鉴定。可靠地查明了溢油源。文中较详细地介绍了溢油特征“指纹”识别技术和特征“指纹”信息点相对峰高比值法相结合的溢油鉴别方法。 相似文献
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通过对具有代表性的两种原油和两种船用燃油进行340 d的室外模拟风化模拟实验,运用GC-FID法和同步荧光光谱法对海水中风化的漂浮油和沉底油的特性进行分析,为沉底油溯源提供相关依据,以此完善海上溢油事故的监管工作。结果表明:4种实验油品的漂浮油和沉底油荧光光谱差别不大,因此可以用荧光光谱法初步测定沉底油的风化时间;沉底油受蒸发、光解等影响弱于漂浮油,其GC可保持低碳组分峰形,并且由于生物降解,沉底油的气相谱图中均出现不可分辨的复杂混合物(UCM)的特征图谱,可以作为判断是否沉底的判据;两种方法相结合,可以建立一种确定溢油时间、风化经历及方法,以便对溢油进行更准确的溯源。 相似文献
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对两种原油进行混合配比实验,将混合后油样置于人工气候箱进行风化模拟实验,采用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)检测风化样品中的生物标志化合物,短期风化作用对混合溢油的油指纹、生物标志化合物诊断指标等的影响。结果表明,混合溢油的正构烷烃总质量变化与单一原油油品的变化规律相近,即前期风化较快,质量减损较多,而后期风化趋缓,不同混合比例的溢油表现差异不明显。常用于短期风化的诊断比值对各混合油样的风化具有指示意义,但难以定性鉴别油品是否发生混合。重复性限法检验只能判定短期风化过程前后的油样为同一油源,而难以反映油样是否为混合油源的特征,各诊断比值的RSD%值较大可能是混合溢油的一个表现。 相似文献
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多环芳烃油指纹应用于船舶溢油鉴别研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
溢油种类主要包括船舶燃料油和原油,二者性质的差异决定了鉴别方法也相应不同,寻求适合于船舶溢油的鉴别方法具有重要意义。在使用柱色谱层析方法对样品进行分离前处理的基础上,以气相色谱/质谱方法(GC-MS)为主要分析手段,对溢油样品和可疑船舶溢油源样品的多环芳烃油指纹特征进行对比,并在多环芳烃油指纹参数的基础上进一步进行多环芳烃内组成三角图分布特征与聚类分析研究,成功为珠江口水域某船舶溢油事故追踪到肇事溢油源。结果表明:取自丁船的油样和现场溢油样芳烃油指纹特征最为相近,是此次溢油事故的溢油源。受风化作用后的船舶燃料油中饱和烃类化合物数量稀少,且含量极低,不适合用于溢油鉴别,而多环芳烃类化合物较饱和烃类化合物而言具有含量高、种类丰富的特点,是该类溢油鉴别的主要油指纹依据。使用油指纹参数进行可疑溢油源识别时,充分考虑油品中有机分子所受风化影响程度的不同是风化条件下溢油鉴定的关键。因此,多环芳烃油指纹可以有效应用于船舶燃料油溢油的鉴别。 相似文献
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荧光光谱向量空间距离模式识别法鉴别海面溢油源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用向量空间距离模式识别法鉴别海面溢油源,研究出4个激发波长和4个发射波长用作数据处理的信息点.对未风化的和风化过的原油,燃料油和润滑油数据进行了研究.并采集了十多条船上的油品验证了方法的可靠性.给出了实验条件下的最小向量空间距离,建立了荧光光谱鉴别海面溢油源的新技术. 相似文献
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一、前言激光荧光法是以激光为激励光源的荧光光谱分析方法。机载激光荧光传感器是海洋环境石油污染航空监测的有效手段。它不仅能用来发现海面上的溢油及其范围,而且能鉴别溢油的种类。 Fantasia,J.F.等人,1970年就着手研究用激光激励油荧光的方法来发现海洋环境中的溢油、确定溢油种类和数量的可行性。随后,各种以337.1nm氮分子激光为激励光源、采用距离选通接收技术、用光学多通道分析仪作讯号处理和记录的机载激光荧光传感器试验系统相继出现。实验室和现场飞行试验都取得良好效果。近来,已将实验室测得的各种油样的荧光发射光谱储存到计算机里,再与输入的现场获得的溢油荧光谱相比较,从而能很快地识别现场溢油的种类。但是,由于海洋环境的复杂性,有 相似文献
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本文对渤海海上 2个不同区块所产原油的红外光谱进行小波分析 ,分别获得不同尺度下的光谱信息。通过观察比较不同尺度下的光谱信息 ,包括谱图的大体形状 (谱图的低频部分 )和特征峰信息 (谱图的高频部分 ) ,更好地对 2种原油进行了分辨 ,为提高用红外光谱法进行海上溢油鉴别的准确度探索出 1种新的方法 相似文献
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目前,针对港口溢油巡航监测缺乏行之有效的技术手段。为探索激光诱导荧光光谱技术应用于港口溢油监测的可行性,以微型光纤光谱仪搭建小型激光荧光遥测实验系统,并对其性能进行测试分析。结果发现,在光谱仪曝光时间设为最小(1.11 ms)的情况下,环境光对荧光测量仍会产生影响,利用减背景法可以有效去除溢油荧光信号中环境光的影响;在相同条件下,系统测得不同油质溢油样品的荧光光谱表现出不同的光谱特征,轻质油较重质油的荧光峰蓝移、荧光更强;在上述环境光背景影响和光谱测量分析的基础上,进一步测试了系统的信号探测稳定性,结果显示,系统重复测量的相对标准偏差RSD=2.54%,表明该系统具有较好的信号探测稳定性。综上,基于微型光纤光谱仪的小型溢油激光荧光遥测系统可望在近岸港口溢油巡航监测中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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In the identifying process of an oil spill accident, manual integral and artificial visual comparison are commonly used at present to determine the oil spill sources, these methods are time-consuming and easily affected by human factors. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of rapid identification of an oil spill accident. In this paper, an intelligent method of automatic recognition, integration and calculation of diagnostic ratio of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) spectrum are established. Firstly, four hundreds of samples collected around the world were analyzed using a standard method and Retention time locking technology (RTL) was applied to reduce the change of retention time of GC/MS spectrum. Secondly, the automatic identification, integration of n-alkanes, biomarker compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and calculation of the diagnostic ratios were realized by MATLAB software. Finally, a database of oil fingerprints were established and applied successfully in a spill oil accident. Based on the new method and database, we could acquire the diagnostic ratios of an oil sample and find out the suspected oil within a few minutes. This method and database can improve the efficiency in spilled oil identification. 相似文献
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Numerical modeling is an important tool to study and predict the transport of oil spills. However, the accu- racy of numerical models is not always good enough to provide reliable information for oil spill transport. It is necessary to analyze and identify major error sources for the models. A case study was conducted to analyze error sources of a three-dimensional oil spill model that was used operationally for oil spill forecast- ing in the National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center （NMEFC）, the State Oceanic Administration, China. On June 4, 2011, oil from sea bed spilled into seawater in Penglai 19-3 region, the largest offshore oil field of China, and polluted an area of thousands of square kilometers in the Bohai Sea. Satellite remote sensing images were collected to locate oil slicks. By performing a series of model sensitivity experiments with different wind and current forcings and comparing the model results with the satellite images, it was identified that the major errors of the long-term simulation for oil spill transport were from the wind fields, and the wind-induced surface currents. An inverse model was developed to estimate the temporal variabil- ity of emission intensity at the oil spill source, which revealed the importance of the accuracy in oil spill source emission time function. 相似文献
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Paul D. Boehm Judith E. Barak David L. Fiest Adria A. Elskus 《Marine environmental research》1982,6(3):157-188
The fate of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons discharged into the coastal Baltic Sea environment from the TSESIS oil spill has been studied in the acute and postacute (one year) phases of the spill. Periodic samples of Mytilus edulis (mussels) from eight littoral zone stations and Macoma balthica from nine soft bottom stations were obtained as well as sediment trap samples and surface sediment samples. Glass capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatographic mass spectrometry were used as the analytical tools to determine saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon composition and concentrations in these samples.Sediment trap samples indicated that sizable quantities of chemically and microbially weathered oil were sedimented, and available for benthic uptake shortly after the spill. After initial uptake of sedimented oil (500 to 1000 μ/g dry weight), Macoma populations appear to have begun slow depuration through the first winter after the spill, but TSESIS oil was again introduced to the benthic stations studied during the following summer. Mytilus populations in the region were severely impacted by the oil. Initial depuration of spilled oil during the first month was rapid and nearly complete at all but the most heavily impacted stations one year after the spill. The post-spill depuration of assimilated hydrocarbons was characterised by a relative retention of alkylated dibenzothiophenes and alkylated phenanthrenes compared to their unsubstituted parent compounds and compared with the entire homologous naphthalene series.These data suggest that petroleum hydrocarbons from the TSESIS spill have become a chronic source of degraded saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons to the soft bottom benthic communities. Petroleum hydrocarbons in the benthic environment from this spill appear to reside in the difficulty sampled and mobile flucculent layer at the sediment/water interface and may affect epifaunal communities for an extended period of time. 相似文献
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油样品的可变角同步荧光光谱的计算机模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
可变角同步荧光法(VASF)是在三维荧光光谱和同步荧光光谱的基础上发展起来的1种特殊形式的荧光光谱,在用于光谱相互重叠的多种组分的同时分析中,取得了很好的效果。文中基于实验得到的原油样品三维荧光光谱数据EEM(excitation-emission matrix),引入二维三次卷积插值,通过Matlab软件实现了对所选扫描路径中各数据点的荧光强度值的获取,编写了用于模拟所选扫描路径下的可变角同步荧光光谱VASFS(Variable-angle synchronous fluorescence spectrum)的VAS-FS程序。此程序为三维荧光光谱和可变角同步荧光光谱的获取和分析提供了1种模拟方法,也为可变角荧光分析中最优扫描路径的选取提供了1种快捷、方便的途径。 相似文献
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星载合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)具有全天时、全天候的工作能力,已被众多学者认为是非常适合探测海面溢油污染的遥感器。然而在SAR影像中经常出现"类油膜"现象,这严重干扰了SAR溢油检测的精度。因此,如何有效区分SAR影像中的油膜和类油膜,对提升溢油检测精度具有重要意义。本文利用面向对象图像分析的方法,从20景ENVISAT ASAR影像中提取了较多的溢油和类油膜样本,对其基于对象的形状、物理和纹理特征进行了综合分析,找出了适合区分溢油和类油膜的特征量。利用特征分析的结论,本文建立了一种基于模糊逻辑的溢油检测算法。该算法可以有效区分SAR影像中的溢油和类油膜,还可以给出暗斑被判定为溢油的概率。溢油检测实验说明,本文方法能够得到令人满意的效果。 相似文献
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海洋溢油的风化过程研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
水体中石油的分布与归宿取决于溢油风化.在溢油扩散漂移的同时,发生油类蒸发与溶解过程.石油烃在光能的激发和微量金属离子的催化下会发生氧化反应.石油入海后,在风、浪的作用下很容易发生乳化作用.油膜和分散液滴可附在海洋中悬浮颗粒物上沉淀,溶解的烃类吸附在固体颗粒物上沉淀.石油烃类的生物化学作用为其决定性降解作用.油的风化是许多不同过程的综合过程,它们是同时发生,互相影响的.未来需要在组成、性质和行为相互关系的研究基础上进行.在分子水平上系统研究溢油风化过程对于溢油事故发生后肇事者的确定、危害评价以及生物修复效果评估等具有重要的指导意义. 相似文献