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1.
长江口北槽细颗粒悬沙絮凝体的沉降速率的近似估算 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用都必须学法获得了长江口北槽口内、外2个站位的悬沙浓度垂线分布资料，通过Rouse公式拟合法，计算了分别与它们相对应的絮凝体沉降速率。计算结果表明：（1）长江口北槽细颗粒悬沙絮凝体沉降速率主要集中在1.0-3.0mm s^-1；（2）北槽口内，平均悬沙浓度与絮凝体沉降速率的关系；ωx=1.14-↑C^1.03；（3）北槽口内，控制絮凝体沉降速率的物理因素是平均悬沙浓度，而北槽口外，影响絮凝体沉降速率的物理因素为盐度和悬沙颗粒粒径。 相似文献
2.
通过一系列室内水槽试验,对规则波与不规则波浪荷载作用下的粉土质海床内的孔隙水压力、底层悬沙浓度以及底层水体流速的变化进行了比较分析。结果表明:波浪荷载的能量分布对床土的响应强度有着重要影响,尤其低频(大周期)部分的影响尤为强烈;随着超孔隙水压力累积,进而影响到底层悬沙浓度的变化;悬沙颗粒的结构和性质同样随着水动力的变化而变化,不同强度的水动力通过影响颗粒的絮凝特性而影响到悬沙颗粒的沉降和悬浮。另外,随机波浪所伴随的较强的非线性作用同样影响着悬浮体的絮凝与解体,这大大加剧了细颗粒沉积物的悬浮、运动的复杂性。 相似文献
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伶仃洋河口泥沙絮凝特征及影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
泥沙絮凝对河口细颗粒泥沙运动过程起着极其重要的作用。本文通过LISST-100激光粒度仪等仪器实测伶仃洋河口2013年洪季悬浮泥沙絮凝体现场粒径及水动力、泥沙条件,结合实验室悬沙粒径分析,研究大小潮期间伶仃洋河口泥沙絮凝特征,探讨紊动剪切强度、含沙量、盐度分层及波浪等因素对伶仃洋河口泥沙絮凝的影响。结果表明:伶仃洋河口水体中现场粒径平均值为148.53 μm,大于实验室悬沙分散粒径36.74 μm,河口絮凝现象明显;沉速与有效密度、粒径呈正相关,絮团平均有效密度为153.49 kg/m3,平均沉速达1.13 mm/s;小潮时絮团平均粒径大于大潮,垂向上表底层絮团粒径小、中层大,中底层絮团沉速大于表层。伶仃洋河口水动力、泥沙条件是影响其泥沙絮凝的重要因素,低剪切强度（小于5 s-1）、低含沙量（小于50 mg/L）及高体积浓度有利于细颗粒泥沙之间的相互碰撞,促进絮凝作用;当剪切强度与颗粒间碰撞强度高于絮团所能承受的强度时,絮团易破碎分解成小絮团或更细的泥沙颗粒;伶仃洋河口盐度层化引起的泥沙捕获现象增大中层泥沙体积浓度,有利于中层絮凝体的发育;观测期相对较大的波浪增强水体紊动,增大了水体细颗粒泥沙的碰撞几率,表层絮团粒径随波高峰值的出现而增大。 相似文献
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对长江口崇明东滩盐沼边缘及邻近光滩处的水深、流速和悬沙含量的潮周期变化过程进行了现场实测,并对横向悬沙通量进行了计算和分析。研究结果表明,在平静天气条件下光滩和盐沼上的流速过程有明显差异,植被缓流作用在落潮期更为显著,流速在涨潮由光滩向盐沼不断增大。与涨潮流速优势相对应,涨潮期平均悬沙含量是落潮期的1.8倍。横向悬沙通量以向岸输移为主,悬沙总通量与潮次内最大水深的四次方呈显著正相关。在平静天气条件下潮汐作用控制着盐沼前缘地带泥沙输移水平,盐沼滩面保持稳定淤积,前缘光滩淤积速率高于盐沼处的,盐沼逐渐向海延伸。在大风天气条件下潮次内的流速和悬沙含量水平提高了数倍,悬沙输移量大增,净输移仍以向岸方向为主,在盐沼上部和前缘光滩均可能在短期内发生大量淤积。 相似文献
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对长江口崇明东滩盐沼边缘及邻近光滩处的水深、流速和悬沙含量的潮周期变化过程进行了现场实测,并对横向悬沙通量进行了计算和分析.研究结果表明,在平静天气条件下光滩和盐沼上的流速过程有明显差异,植被缓流作用在落潮期更为显著,流速在涨潮由光滩向盐沼不断增大.与涨潮流速优势相对应,涨潮期平均悬沙含量是落潮期的1.8倍.横向悬沙通量以向岸输移为主,悬沙总通量与潮次内最大水深的四次方呈显著正相关.在平静天气条件下潮汐作用控制着盐沼前缘地带泥沙输移水平,盐沼滩面保持稳定淤积,前缘光滩淤积速率高于盐沼处的,盐沼逐渐向海延伸.在大风天气条件下潮次内的流速和悬沙含量水平提高了数倍,悬沙输移量大增,净输移仍以向岸方向为主,在盐沼上部和前缘光滩均可能在短期内发生大量淤积. 相似文献
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此项目采用实验（现场、室内）方法研究海岸（河口）高潮滩盐沼泥沙过程 ,即波浪、潮流、海岸盐生植物、细颗粒悬沙和淤泥质底床的相互作用。（１）高潮滩盐沼盐生植物的野外调查 :海岸盐生植物的属种、高度、大小、密度 ;（２）高潮滩盐沼边界层水流结构的现场实验观测 :ａ．潮流水位、流速、紊动的野外现场观测 ;ｂ．波浪衰减的观测 ;（３）高潮滩盐沼细颗粒悬沙浓度的现场观测 ;（４）高潮滩盐沼地区长期、短期细颗粒泥沙堆积和侵蚀速率的现场观测 ;（５）海岸盐生植物作用下波浪、潮流边界层的室内实验研究 ;（６）海岸盐生植物作用下细… 相似文献
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风暴过程中潮滩悬沙浓度和悬沙输运的变化及其动力机制——以长江三角洲南汇潮滩为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
悬沙浓度是淤泥质海岸重要的环境指标。为探讨潮滩悬沙浓度和悬沙输运对风暴事件的响应过程及其动力机制,于2014年9月"凤凰"台风过境前、中、后在长江三角洲南汇潮滩进行了现场观测,获得同步高分辨率的水深、波高、近底流速和浊度剖面时间序列(9个潮周期)。结果表明,风暴中平均和最大波高、波-流联合底床剪切应力、悬沙浓度和悬沙输运率可比平静天气高数倍;风暴期间高潮位低流速阶段悬沙沉降导致近底发育数十厘米厚的浮泥层(悬沙浓度大于10 g/L)。研究认为风暴事件中淤泥质海岸悬沙浓度和悬沙输运的剧烈变化其根本动力机制是风暴把巨大能量传递给近岸水体,进而显著增大波-流联合底床剪切应力,导致细颗粒泥沙再悬浮。 相似文献
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悬沙含量是反映细颗粒物质在水层中的输运和再悬浮过程的重要指标,对沉积环境和沉积过程的研究有着非常重要的作用,是联系动力作用和地貌演变的纽带[1].细颗粒物质是营养盐、有机物和重金属输送的载体,因此研究细颗粒物质的运移对河口和海洋环境及生态的影响有着重要的意义[2].由于河口地区同时受到河流径流和潮流的影响,径流的水沙输运、潮流和波浪等的动力都对悬浮泥沙含量有影响.河口地区悬沙含量既可以指示沉积物来源、输运量的变化,又可以显示沉积动力作用的变化,这两种影响因素的时间尺度不同,但它们会共同影响悬沙含量的大小和分布.在我国长江等大河每年的水沙输运量十分巨大. 相似文献
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利用多种先进室内外测量仪器进行河口现场观测和室内电镜扫描获得相关资料,对长江河口北槽河道细颗粒泥沙絮凝的水沙环境、絮团的微观形态结构、絮团的粒径组成及其主要影响因素进行了综合分析和讨论。结果表明,北槽河道具有非常适宜细颗粒泥沙絮凝的潮流、盐度、含沙量和悬沙颗粒粒径等基本环境条件。北槽河道悬沙絮团形态多样,主要包括松散状絮团、蜂窝状絮团和密实状絮团。絮团主要由细粉砂和黏土类细颗粒泥沙组成,表面多粗糙不平,结构或密或疏。絮团粒径变化与潮周期动力过程密切相关,具有周期性变化特征。涨、落憩时絮团粒径较大,涨、落急时絮团粒径较小。絮团粒径涨憩大于落憩,小潮大于大潮。垂向上,絮团粒径由表层至底层逐渐增大。周期性潮流流速对北槽河道悬沙絮团粒径变化起到了控制作用。北槽细颗粒泥沙絮凝作用,是导致疏浚航道发生回淤的主要原因之一。 相似文献
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Observations and analyses of floc size and floc settling velocity in coastal salt marsh of Luoyuan Bay, Fujian Province, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In coastal environments, fine-grain sediments often aggregate into large and porous flocs. ElectroMagnetic Current Meters (EMCM) and Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST-ST) have been deployed within a Spartina alterniflora marsh of the Luoyuan Bay in Fujian Province, China, to measure the current velocity, the floc size and the settling velocity between 15 and 22 January 2008. During the observations, the near-bed water was collected in order to obtain the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and constituent grain size. Data show that: (1) the nearbed current velocities vary from 0.1 to 5.6 cm/s in the central Spartina alterniflora marsh and 0.1–12.5 cm/s at the edge; (2) the SSCs vary from 47 to 188 mg/dm 3 . The mean grain size of constituent grains varies from 7.0 to 9.6 μm, and the mean floc sizes (MFS) vary from 30.4 to 69.4 μm. The relationship between the mean floc size and settling velocity can be described as: w s =ad b , in which w s is the floc settling velocity (mm/s), a and b are coefficients. The floc settling velocity varies from 0.17 to 0.32 mm/s, with a mean value of 0.26 mm/s, and the floc settling velocity during the flood tide is higher than that during the ebb tide. The current velocity and the SSC are the main factors controlling the flocculation processes and the floc settling velocity. 相似文献
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The fate of fine particulate material in aquatic environments is closely linked to aggregation and disaggregation processes. Understanding the mechanisms controlling these processes is fundamental to the development of predictive models of fate and effects for particulate discharges in the coastal zone from such sources as offshore hydrocarbon exploration and development. One of the variables required for the development of these models is maximal floc size. Using a non-invasive imaging technique, the significance of turbulence, composition, and concentration on maximal floc size in an inverting column flocculator was determined for materials commonly discharged during offshore hydrocarbon development. The settling velocity of the suspension was determined from volume concentrations of samples obtained by pipette during still water settling in a manner similar to that of Owen tubes. After 20 h, both maximal floc size and settling velocity showed a highly significant dependence on turbulence and type of material in suspension, but showed no effect from concentration. 相似文献
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The effective density and the strength of flocs formed in the laboratory from mud from the Tamar Estuary reached a maximum
value at a salinity of 10–15‰ within the concentration range studied (0.1–1.0 g liter−1). For a constant salinity and concentration, the density decreases with increasing floc size. The strength of the flocs increases
with the floc diameter. However, the strength of the individual particle bonds within the floc decreases with size. Large
flocs were relatively more brittle than smaller ones. The results suggest that larger flocs may be disrupted by the formation
of unequal fragments. 相似文献
14.
程鹏 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,42(5):1-2
在受波动影响的近岸浅水区域，运用sigma坐标是计算平均水位附近的余流的有效途径。本项研究在理论上分析了在狭窄潮汐水道中sigma坐标下的余流的物理意义，并运用一系列的理想化数值模型对分析结果进行了验证。对于浅水波，sigma层和水体中的波动面相一致，因而斯托克斯速度及其分量可以用sigma坐标上的速度来表达。一个sigma层上的余流（即sigma余流）是位于这一sigma层平均深度上的欧拉余流和斯托克斯速度垂向分量的和，可以被看做是半拉格朗日余流。因为斯托克斯速度的垂向分量比其水平分量小一个量级，sigma余流可看做为欧拉余流的近似。在sigma层上的物质输运余流是sigma余流和斯托克斯速度水平分量的和，在大小和方向上和拉格朗日余流近似。 相似文献
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Study on the Log-Linear Velocity Profile of Near-Bed Tidal Current in Estuarine and Coastal Waters 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Many observed data show that the near-bed tidal velocity profile deviates from the usual logarithmic law. The amount of deviation may not be large, but it results in large errors when the logarithmic velocity profile is used to calculate the bed roughness height and friction velocity （or shear stress）. Based on their investigation, Kuo et al. （1996） indicate that the deviation amplitude may exceed 100%. On the basis of fluid dynamic principle, the profile of the near-bed tidal velocity in estuarine and coastal waters is established by introducing Prandtl＇ s mixing length theory and Von Kannan selfsimilarity theory. By the fitting and calculation of the near-bed velocity profde data observed in the west Solent, England, the results are compared with those of the usual logarithmic model, and it is shown that the present near-bed tidal velocity profile model has such advantages as higher fitting precision, and better inner consistency between the roughness height and friction velocity. The calculated roughness height and friction velocity are closer to reality. The conclusions are validated that the logarithmic model underestimates the roughness height and friction velocity during tidal acceleration and overestimates them during tidal deceleration. 相似文献
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时深转换是将地震资料解释成果转化为地质成果的一个重要环节,以油田勘探实际资料为例针对几种不同的时深转换方法进行深入讨论.对于常速成图分区分深度进行幂函数拟合是最理想的办法,对于变速成图在实际应用中需根据不同的资料特征和实际情况选用不同的变速成图方法.通过变速成图计算误差的对比阐述各种方法的优缺点和适用范围,进而根据不同的地质及地震反射条件,选择合适的时深转换方法,以达到最佳的地质成果. 相似文献
17.
Shu-Qing YANG In-Soo KIM Daniel S. KOH Young-Chae SONG 《中国海洋工程》2005,19(4):557-570
The aim of this paper is to present an analytical expression for the streamwise velocity distribution in a non-uniform flow in the presence of waves; the correlation between the horizontal and vertical velocity components has been compreheusively examined. Different from previous researches which attributed the deviation of velocity from the classical log-law to the wave Reynolds stress, i.e. - ρ uv^- only, this study demonstrates that the momentum flux caused by mean velocities, i.e., u^- and v^-, is also responsible for the velocity deviation, and it is found that the streamwise velocity for a flow in the presence of non-zero wall-normal velocity does not follow the classical log-law, but the modified log-law proposed in this study based on simplified mixing-length theorem. The validity of the modified log-law has been verified by use of available experimental data from published sources for combined wave-current flows, and good agreement between the predicted and observed velocity profiles has been achieved. 相似文献
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Gas in sediments has become an important subject of research for various reasons. It affects large areas of the sea floor
where it is mainly produced. Gas and gas migration have a strong impact on the environmental situation as well as on sea floor
stability. Furthermore, large research programs on gas hydrates have been initiated during the last 10 years in order to investigate
their potential for future energy production and their climatic impact. These activities require the improvement of geophysical
methods for reservoir investigations especially with respect to their physical properties and internal structures. Basic relationships
between the physical properties and seismic parameters can be investigated in shallow marine areas as they are more easily
accessible than hydrocarbon reservoirs. High-resolution seismic profiles from the Arkona Basin (SW Baltic Sea) show distinct
‘acoustic turbidity’ zones which indicate the presence of free gas in the near surface sediments. Total gas concentrations
were determined from cores taken in the study area with mean concentrations of 46.5 ml/l wet sediment in non-acoustic turbidity
zones and up to 106.1 ml/l in the basin centre with acoustic turbidity. The expression of gas bubbles on reflection seismic
profiles has been investigated in two distinct frequency ranges using a boomer (600–2600 Hz) and an echosounder (38 kHz).
A comparison of data from both seismic sources showed strong differences in displaying reflectors. Different compressional
wave velocities were observed in acoustic turbidity zones between boomer and echosounder profiles. Furthermore, acoustic turbidity
zones were differently characterised with respect to scattering and attenuation of seismic waves. This leads to the conclusion
that seismic parameters become strongly frequency dependent due to the dynamic properties of gas bubbles. 相似文献