共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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本文针对当前及未来多型水下航行体的通用化水下高精度定位跟踪及综合测控要求,开展小型便携式水下声源系统研究,解决了不同水下航行体定位跟踪及水声遥测与遥控的综合测控集成化问题,以及小型水下航行体的通用化声源安装适配性等难题。采用集成化一体式综合设计方案,功能上兼顾水声定位跟踪、水声遥测遥控等功能,性能上其短基线水声定位精度可达R×5‰(R为斜距),远程水声遥测遥控误码率为10~(-5)。本文在系统总体方案中平衡了小尺寸与高性能之间的传统矛盾,大幅缩减声源尺寸和重量,并完成了小型水下滑翔机湖上试验。试验结果证明,该声源系统在比国外类似产品更小尺寸和重量的基础上,同时具备水声定位跟踪和水声遥测遥控等综合测控功能,可为多型水下航行体湖海试验提供高精度实时定位测量及远程应急遥控手段,具有较高的实用价值和良好的市场应用前景。 相似文献
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水下移动重力测量能够连续实施近水底的重力勘测,如使用自主水下无人航行器(AUV)还能允许水面母船同时执行多个任务,进而降低水下重力测量相关的高昂成本和准入门槛。研究了水下移动重力测量的基本原理和方法,建立了水下移动重力测量模型和相应的误差模型,重点分析了捷联式重力仪的传感器、姿态、位置、速度等误差源。讨论了达到 1 mgal 测量精度的可行性以及对水下定位设备的性能要求。 经计算,在重力传感器与捷联式航空重力仪一致,水声定位系统定位精度达到测量斜距的 0.5%,水压深度计测深测量精度达到 5 cm,多普勒计程仪测速精度达到 0.1 m/s 的情况下,可以确保水下移动重力测量达到精度要求。 相似文献
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黄凡 《数字海洋与水下攻防》2020,3(5):387-392
当探测区域存在多个目标时，双站被动声呐测向系统通过目标方位线交叉定位会产生多个交点，对被动声呐的测量方位进行关联即是剔除虚假交点，选择真实交点。在两被动声呐对目标方位保持连续跟踪的条件下，提出了一种利用方位预关联形成关联航迹对目标的位置和方位值进行估计，根据估计值与传感器实测方位值的偏差大小来判定预关联正确性的决策规则，结合海上实验数据仿真验证了方法的有效性。 相似文献
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深海空间站在母船伴随保障时面对恶劣天气存在安全风险及水下多平台作业低效的问题,传统的单一的保障船模式仅依靠超短基线等水下定位方法,水下平台定位速度慢、误差大、相互感知协作困难, 已无法满足要求。提出了一种基于通信信标的深海水声定位方法,采用宽带扩频通信进行时延估计,然后利用已建立的等效声速表查找等效声速,完成声线修正,从而提高了深海水声定位精度。并在实验室进行了深海水文条件下估计目标运动轨迹仿真,仿真结果表明该方法能够有效的提高水声定位精度。 相似文献
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矢量传感器是一种新型水声传感器。介绍了应用矢量传感器确定目标方位的理论和方法，给出了仿真和实验研究结果，讨论了矢量传感器具体体积小、输出信号多、抗各向同性干扰等特性。最后定性地分析了目标方位的方位估值误差。 相似文献
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纯方位目标跟踪-直角坐标卡尔曼滤波算法 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对于纯方位目标跟踪问题 ,在利用卡尔曼滤波算法进行处理时 ,首先要进行观测方程及状态方程的线性化处理 ,自然导致线性化误差 ,为减少它对目标跟踪的影响 ,该文利用衰减记忆的卡尔曼滤波算法 ,通过蒙特卡罗模拟仿真实验表明其跟踪效果在收敛速度和收敛率以及稳定性等方面有了较大的提高。 相似文献
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This paper describes a new framework for object detection and tracking of AUV including underwater acoustic data interpolation, underwater acoustic images segmentation and underwater objects tracking. This framework is applied to the design of vision-based method for AUV based on the forward looking sonar sensor. First, the real-time data flow (underwater acoustic images) is pre-processed to form the whole underwater acoustic image, and the relevant position information of objects is extracted and determined. An improved method of double threshold segmentation is proposed to resolve the problem that the threshold cannot be adjusted adaptively in the traditional method. Second, a representation of region information is created in light of the Gaussian particle filter. The weighted integration strategy combining the area and invariant moment is proposed to perfect the weight of particles and to enhance the tracking robustness. Results obtained on the real acoustic vision platform of AUV during sea trials are displayed and discussed. They show that the proposed method can detect and track the moving objects underwater online, and it is effective and robust. 相似文献
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随着对水下目标特性研究的深入和声学探测技术的发展,基于单模态的阵列式信息融合或基于空间信息的分布式信息融合的水下目标识别方法研究已有一定成果,但针对复杂海况导致单一物理场或单一融合层次的系统识别性能提高有限等方面影响的水下目标识别方法研究还有所不足,因此,开展基于多模态深度融合模型的水下目标识别方法研究可利用模态互补,共享信息而提升识别率。文中在国内外研究基础上,深入研究了基于到达时差法和多模态方法组合的检测方法,初步形成了基于水声环境空间中多模态深度融合模型的识别框架,开展了海洋中典型自然与人为事件的信号分析与特征提取,并在此基础上,设计新型基于海底基站的被动识别系统。该系统同步记录和由位置等组成的时间序列标记声、磁和压数据,可实现高精度、高分辨率的识别。本研究可满足未来海洋观测对高性能水下目标探测、定位和跟踪系统的迫切需要,为海洋安全监管、海洋突发事件应急响应等领域提供新的技术手段和科学参考。 相似文献
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An adaptive state estimator for passive underwater tracking of maneuvering targets is developed. The state estimator is designed specifically for a system containing independent unknown or randomly switching input and measurement biases. In modeling the stochastic system, it is assumed that the bias sequence dynamics for both input and measurement can be modeled by a semi-Markov process. By incorporating the semi-Markovian concept into a Bayesian estimation technique, an estimator consisting of a bank of parallel adaptively weighted Kalman filters has been developed. Despite the large and randomly varying biases, the proposed estimator provides an accurate estimate of the system states. 相似文献
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水声信道的多径时延扩展和时变特性对信道估计和均衡技术的研究带来了很大的挑战,同时也决定了水声信道是一种时频双扩展信道,提出一种水声OFDM通信系统中基于软信息的迭代信道估计技术,利用基于复指数基扩展模型(CE-BEM)进行信道估计。OFDM系统本身可以消除由于多径引起的符号间干扰(ISI)。基于导频的BEM信道估计,可以实现对时变信道的估计,结合基于软信息迭代的迭代均衡模块,将每次迭代生成的符号软判决信息作为辅助导频用于信道估计。同时,为了防止由于信道时变引起的信道子载波间干扰(ICI)对导频符号的影响,采用基于保护间隔的导频插入法插入导频。仿真结果显示基于BEM的软信息迭代信道估计性能较非迭代信道估计时明显提升。 相似文献
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Lei Sun Xiangmei Meng Guanbao Li Guangming Kan Baohua Liu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(5):595-603
AbstractThe high-frequency acoustic properties of seafloor sediments are very significant in seafloor study and underwater acoustic study field. In order to measure the sound speed and the attenuation for the small-scale sediment cores more accurately, this study developed a water coupled acoustic laboratory measurement system based on Richardson-Briggs technique. This method used the correlation comparison of waveforms received in sediment core and in identical reference tubes filled with water to measure sound speed and attenuation. The sound speed and attenuation of a clayey silt sediment sample were measured using the water coupled acoustic laboratory measurement system. This frequency dependence of the sound speed and attenuation showed that the clayey silt sediment has a weak positive sound speed dispersion, while the attenuation increases with a strong positive gradient within the measurement frequency range. This study also noted that the measured sound speed ratio match well with the empirical equations from literature. The measured attenuation factor data can fall in the Hamilton’s empirical prediction range. 相似文献
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The problem of associating data with targets in a cluttered multi-target environment is discussed and applied to passive sonar tracking. The probabilistic data association (PDA) method, which is based on computing the posterior probability of each candidate measurement found in a validation gate, assumes that only one real target is present and all other measurements are Poisson-distributed clutter. In this paper, a new theoretical result is presented: the joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) algorithm, in which joint posterior association probabilities are computed for multiple targets (or multiple discrete interfering sources) in Poisson clutter. The algorithm is applied to a passive sonar tracking problem with multiple sensors and targets, in which a target is not fully observable from a single sensor. Targets are modeled with four geographic states, two or more acoustic states, and realistic (i.e., low) probabilities of detection at each sample time. A simulation result is presented for two heavily interfering targets illustrating the dramatic tracking improvements obtained by estimating the targets' states using joint association probabilities. 相似文献
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This study presents a novel navigation and control system allowing a biomimetic-autonomous underwater vehicle (BAUV) to track a target. A Bayesian approach using an extended Kalman filter and combined localization and environmental mapping by a BAUV are implemented. This strategy selects the best sensor measurement by choosing one of several forward-looking directions. The body of the BAUV moves in a cyclical pattern; thus, an inexpensive echo sounder can be installed on the BAUV head to detect environmental features without the need for expensive scanning devices. The localization and environmental mapping problem is then transformed into a non-linear two-point boundary value problem. Optimal policies are to maintain the accuracy of predicted states and to approach minimal observation cost by solving the control problem. A line-of-sight guidance law is utilized that drives the BAUV to the target. An approach that controls the motion of the body/caudal fin and pectoral fins of the BAUV is utilized for target tracking. Estimation, measurement, and control processes are integrated to form a working system. Experiments using a test bed BAUV confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach. 相似文献
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水声通信和测距能力是实现水下航行器准确定位的重要技术手段。当前基于水声定位的方法主要有利用测距和测向功能的水声定位技术以及水声测距辅助导航技术，二者的系统物理复杂度都比较高。本文提出了一种基于单水声信标距离量测的匹配定位方法，航行器在水声信标测距覆盖范围内，利用航行过程中多次测距信息构建测距圆序列形成位置约束，基于航位推算导航信息，将航行器在连续测距时间段内的相对航迹在圆序列上进行最优匹配，从而获得位置估计，通过对测距误差进行补偿可进一步提升定位精度。本方法所需物理系统结构复杂度低、可操作性强，仿真实验表明，该方法可以独立实现较高精度的定位。 相似文献