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1.
通过荧光染色、稀释培养、生理生化和16SrRNA基因鉴定等方法,研究了北极黄河站附近海域海水中浮游细菌的丰度、可培养浮游细菌形态学特征及多样性;采用高通量测序技术研究了黄河站附近采样站点(BJ2)的不可培养浮游细菌群落结构。可培养研究结果表明:(1)9个站点(BJ1-BJ9)水样平均含菌数为2.88×108个/L;(2)21株可培养浮游细菌中,仅AB08、AB09和AB17三株细菌为革兰氏阳性菌;(3)细菌主要包括放线菌纲(Actinobacteria),黄杆菌纲(Flavobacteriia)和γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria),其中假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)为优势菌(占71%)。高通量测序结果显示:在得到的1 467个不可培养浮游细菌OTU中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为优势菌群,所占比例分别为49.71%和41.61%,还有少量的浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia);其中变形菌门中以α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria)为主要类群。 相似文献
2.
青岛、威海水域夏冬季表层沉积物细菌多样性的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以青岛、威海水域夏冬两季表层沉积物中的基因组DNA为模板,扩增沉积物样品中细菌的16S rDNA 片段,并构建其相应文库.进行16S rDNA序列分析,并与数据库中的序列进行比对.分析结果表明:2个站位沉积物样品细菌分别属于11个主要细菌门类,包括:变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Plancomycene)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、硝化螺菌门(Nitrospirae)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobial)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、高G+C含量革兰氏阳性菌放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和低G+C含量革兰氏阳性菌梭菌门(Clostridiales).其中变形菌门是主要类群,且γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)占优势.与QD2站位相比,QD1站位沉积物细菌多样性随季节变化不大. 相似文献
3.
海南红树林根系土壤中可培养细菌的多样性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为研究海南红树林根系土壤细菌多样性,充分发掘中国红树林特有微生物资源,作者于2012年12月份从10份采集于海南北港岛红树林根系淤泥样品中分离可培养海洋细菌,并基于16S rRNA基因序列分析的方法对样品中的细菌多样性进行研究。共分离得到122株海洋细菌,经并菌后选取其中的70株代表性菌株测序,结果发现它们分为4个类群:变形菌门(主要为γ-变形菌纲)(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria),分别占66%,19%,11%和4%。共代表30个属47个种,其中有9个潜在新种和2个潜在新属。本研究结果表明,北港岛红树林中存在着丰富的细菌多样性,很多类群可能是红树林特有细菌物种。 相似文献
4.
长江口及邻近海域表层海水细菌多样性及群落结构 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从长江口及邻近海域10 个站点采集表层海水, 通过DAPI 染色计数和克隆文库构建的方法, 对细菌的多样性及群落结构进行初步研究。DAPI 染色计数结果显示长江口及邻近海域表层海水中 细菌丰度总体较高, 生物量变化较大, 从1.16×105(A04 站点)到 1.48×106 cells/mL (B03 站点); 总体 趋势从长江口向外海增加。细菌克隆文库的系统发育分析表明: 细菌序列以变形菌门为主(占总文库 的60.61%), 其中α-变形菌纲是绝对优势类群(50.62%); 其次是拟杆菌门(15.18%)、放线菌门(14.79%) 和蓝细菌门(4.61%), 还有少量厚壁菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门、浮霉菌门、纤维杆菌门、疣微菌门 等; 另外柔膜菌门和SAR 类群也有发现。文库多样性分析结果显示长江口及邻近海域部分站点表层 海水中细菌多样性显著, 与研究区海域水产养殖活动有关, 并受到区域洋流和海洋化学环境(如低氧 带)的影响。 相似文献
5.
为研究池塘内循环流水养殖(In-pond Raceway, IPR)模式下太湖鲂鲌(翘嘴鲌(♀)×三角鲂(♂))肠道微生物群落结构的变化,以传统池塘养殖作为对照组,采用16SrRNA高通量测序方法分析了IPR养殖模式下太湖鲂鲌肠道的菌群结构及环境水体微生物多样性的变化。试验结果表明, IPR模式下太湖鲂鲌肠道微生物群落发生了明显的变化,在门分类水平,梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)成为绝对优势菌,所占丰度为92.47%;对照组的优势菌由梭杆菌门、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)组成,三者所占的丰度分别为34.45%、33.30%和21.30%。在养殖水环境中,两种养殖模式的微生物群落数均大于肠道样本,且二者优势菌不同;IPR水环境的优势菌为蓝细菌(Cyanobacteria,36.53%),其次为放线菌门(Actinobacteria,24.67%);对照组水体中的优势菌为放线菌门和变形菌门,分别占细菌总数的38.99%和28.15%。多样性指数结果表明,水环境中的微生物群落Shannon多样性指数、Chao1指数高于肠道样本,IPR养殖对象肠道微生物群落多样性最低。本研究结果揭示,池塘内循环流水高密度养殖模式下,太湖鲂鲌的肠道微生物结构发生了一定的改变,微生物群落多样性降低,应注意该模式下养殖对象的肠道健康,加强养殖管理。 相似文献
6.
采用16S rDNA文库结合PCR-RFLP分析的手段,对莱州湾水样及沉积物中的细菌多样性和群落特征进行研究。结果表明,莱州湾沉积物细菌类群主要包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)两大类群。其中,变形菌门包括α、β、γ3个变形菌纲,所占比例分别为38.7%、3.2%、41.9%。水样中细菌类群主要包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria),酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria),疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobial),浮霉菌门(Plancomycene),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),壁厚菌门(Firmicutes),黏胶球形菌门(Lentisphaeria),绿菌门(Chlorobi)和硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospira)九大类群。其中,变形菌门包括α、β、δ3个变形菌纲,所占比例高迭60.3%,占有绝对优势。 相似文献
7.
研究海水环境中Q235碳钢锈层中微生物群落的多样性。应用16SrDNA基因文库技术,分别对实海全浸一年的Q235碳钢内外锈层中的微生物进行基因文库的构建和分析。通过克隆测序构建了含有64个OTUs的细菌16SrRNA基因文库,结果表明锈层中微生物种类丰富,主要分布于13个已知的菌门,包括变形菌门;拟杆菌门;硅藻门;酸杆菌门;浮霉菌门;硝化螺旋菌门;厚壁菌门;绿弯菌门;疣微菌门;绿菌门;放线菌门;红藻门以及螺旋体门。内外锈层的优势菌均为变形细菌门,分别占文库序列的46%和53%,其中α-变形菌纲又为门中优势类群,但在内外锈层中还存在明显的系统发育学分歧。 相似文献
8.
为研究海洋附着细菌的群落结构及动态变化,在厦门近岸海区进行挂板实验.将无菌玻璃板浸没于海水中,连续放置14 d.分别于放置1 h和7、14 d后取玻璃板上附着生物样品.用细菌通用引物构建16S rRNA基因克隆文库,每个克隆文库随机挑选约40个克隆子测序,序列同源性分析和系统进化分析结果表明,所有的克隆子可分为六大类群:γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和真核硅藻类叶绿体,各类群分别占42.0%、4.5%、2.2%、2.2%、1.1%和45.0%.γ-变形菌纲变形斑沙雷氏菌(Serratia proteamaculans)为优势附着细菌,占测序克隆子的31.5%.这类细菌在1 h样品中的比例超过一半,说明变形斑沙雷氏菌在生物膜形成初期发挥着重要作用.随着挂板时间延长,检测到的细菌类群有所增加:附着7 d后检测到拟杆菌门细菌,附着14 d后检测到厚壁菌门细菌.γ-变形菌纲细菌所占比例随挂板时间的延长而逐渐降低,从挂板1 h的81%降至7 d的21%,14 d的18%.另外,在各阶段的附着样品中,都检测到较多的真核克隆子序列,约占16%～64%.本研究为进一步阐明海洋附着细菌的附着动态及其在生物膜形成过程中的作用奠定了基础. 相似文献
9.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(6)
东太平洋结核区位于东北太平洋,在深海海底含有丰富的多金属结核,而微生物在多金属结核的形成过程中发挥着重要的作用。本研究通过DY29航次获得了该区域多个实验样品,包括结核、结核覆盖的沉积物、无结核覆盖的沉积物和底层海水,并对这些样品进行了细菌的分离培养和活性检测。结果表明,东太平洋结核区拥有丰富的微生物资源,共分离保藏细菌1 200株,其中402株细菌完成16SrRNA基因测序,分属于4个门,65个属和135个种。4个门分别为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,占81.59%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria,占8.21%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,占8.21%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,占1.99%);优势属为盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、亚硫酸盐杆菌属(Sulfitobacter)等。两种沉积物样品中可培养放线菌门和厚壁菌门的细菌丰度较高,结核中分离得到的细菌包含较高比例的α-变形菌纲,4种样品类型中γ-变形菌纲的细菌均占最大比例。对结核样品分离得到的细菌进行酶学性质检测发现具有过氧化氢酶及酯酶(吐温20和吐温40)活性的菌株所占比例较高,并首次筛选出一些未报道的具有锰氧化能力的菌株。综合以上结果,东太平洋结核区不同样品的可培养细菌多样性较高,微生物资源丰富,而具有锰氧化能力菌株的分离鉴定对研究深海多金属结核的形成及深海矿产资源的开发都具有重要的意义。 相似文献
10.
为分析海洋微表层这一特殊生境中的细菌类群,于2010—2011年4个航次对北黄海微表层和次表层海水中的总菌丰度、可培养细菌丰度和群落结构进行了分析。采用流式细胞仪测定总菌丰度,平板计数法测定可培养细菌丰度,PCR-16SrDNA分析可培养细菌的群落结构。结果表明,调查海域微表层海水总菌均值为1.76×106 cell/mL,次表层海水总菌均值为1.07×106 cell/mL。可培养细菌丰度范围是1.00×102~1.70×106 CFU/mL,微表层和次表层可培养细菌所占总菌数量的百分比分别为13.05%和0.45%。微表层对总菌的富集因子(EF)均值为2.02,可培养细菌的EF均值为74.16。PCR-16SrDNA序列分析结果表明,该海域可培养细菌分属变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(94.34%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)(1.89%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)(1.89%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)(1.89%)4个类群。本研究初步发现,微表层对细菌具有较强的聚集作用,尤其对可培养细菌聚集作用更为明显。微表层中可培养细菌的群落结构与次表层有所不同,其种类丰富,来源和功能多样。由此可见,微表层独特的生境成就了其独特的微生物类群,其生态功能有待于进一步研究。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献