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1.
以自制的两性聚丙烯酰胺分散体系作为污水絮凝剂,考查对城市污水的处理能力。以絮体体积和上清液的透光率为考查参数,研究了聚合物用量、聚合物的离子度、体系pH值和样品溶解时的盐浓度对絮凝效果的影响,并与离子型絮凝剂进行了比较。研究发现,两性聚丙烯酰胺的絮凝能力比阴离子型聚合物的絮凝能力强,比阳离子型聚合物的絮凝能力略强,最佳使用量为3.0 mg.L-1。两性聚丙烯酰胺的絮凝能力受离子度的影响,离子基团越多,絮凝能力越强,但过多的离子基团可带来负面影响。两性聚丙烯酰胺对体系的pH值的适应范围较宽。两性聚丙烯酰胺在应用时需先用1%的氯化钠溶液溶解,盐浓度过低时聚合物不能充分溶解,高于此值对絮凝过程无明显影响。 相似文献
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以自制的两性聚丙烯酰胺分散体系作为污水絮凝剂,考查对城市污水的处理能力.以絮体体积和上清液的透光率为考查参数,研究了聚合物用量、聚合物的离子度、体系pH值和样品溶解时的盐浓度对絮凝效果的影响,并与离子型絮凝剂进行了比较.研究发现,两性聚丙烯酰胺的絮凝能力比阴离子型聚合物的絮凝能力强,比阳离子型聚合物的絮凝能力略强,最佳使用量为3.0 mg·L-1.两性聚丙烯酰胺的絮凝能力受离子度的影响,离子基团越多,絮凝能力越强,但过多的离子基团可带来负面影响.两性聚丙烯酰胺对体系的pH值的适应范围较宽.两性聚丙烯酰胺在应用时需先用1%的氯化钠溶液溶解,盐浓度过低时聚合物不能充分溶解,高于此值对絮凝过程无明显影响. 相似文献
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以丙烯酸和自制丙烯类单体ODA为原料,Hypermer B-246为分散剂,偶氮二异庚腈为引发剂,季戊四醇三烯丙基醚(APE)为交联剂,采用沉淀聚合制备了白色粉末状卡波树脂。通过5因素4水平正交实验详细研究了引发剂用量、共聚单体及分散剂用量等因素对聚合物黏度和透光率的影响。实验结果表明:在pH=7~8时,0.5w%卡波树脂的透光率为96.3%,黏度最高可达110 000 mPa.s。 相似文献
4.
N-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)丙烯酰胺的合成 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以1,2-二甲氧基苯和N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺为原料,通过傅-克烷基化反应,合成了含辣素衍生结构的丙烯酰胺类功能单体-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)丙烯酰胺(DMBA),并通过元素分析I、R光谱和1HNMR波谱对其结构进行了表征。将该单体与丙烯酸酯类单体共聚制备了DMBA丙烯酸树脂,初步研究了树脂的防污性能。 相似文献
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采用掺硼金刚石膜电极(Boron-doped diamond,BDD)为阳极的电化学氧化法降解全氟辛酸(Perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA);对比不同电解质体系中PFOA的脱氟效果,考察初始pH、流速、电流密度、初始浓度和电解质浓度对PFOA脱氟率的影响,估算体系能耗;以甲醇(MeOH)和叔丁醇(TBA)为淬灭剂进行自由基淬灭实验,分析PFOA的降解机理。结果表明:Na2SO4电解质体系中,PFOA具有良好的降解效果;酸性条件下(pH为3~4.2)PFOA脱氟效果较佳,中性条件下较差,脱氟效果随初始浓度的增加而降低,随电流密度的增大先提升后趋于稳定。初始pH为3、电流密度30 mA·cm^-2、流速32.5 mL·min^-1、初始浓度100 mg·L^-1、Na2SO4浓度0.05 mol·L^-1条件下,电解180 min,PFOA脱氟率达53.45%,能耗约为1.13 kWh·(g F)-1;硫酸盐体系产生的·OH、SO-4·两种自由基均能氧化降解PFOA。 相似文献
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采用失重法、电化学方法以及表面观察方法对比研究了含辣素衍生结构疏水缔合聚合物P(AM-MAA-AMPSHDDE-SA)(PAMAHS)和聚丙烯酰胺对Q235钢在CO_2饱和的模拟油田采出水中的缓蚀性能。实验结果表明:相较于聚丙烯酰胺,PAMAHS对碳钢在油田水中的腐蚀具有较好的抑制作用,其缓蚀率随着聚合物浓度的增加而增大,缓蚀剂浓度为500mg·L~(-1)时,缓蚀效率能达到80.64%。因此,PAMAHS是一种混合抑制型缓蚀剂,其分子可以吸附在金属表面,形成一层具有保护作用的吸附膜,从而起到减缓腐蚀的作用。PAMAHS在碳钢表面的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温式。 相似文献
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含聚污水的水质问题是目前聚驱注水油田最紧迫的问题之一,以渤海旅大10-1油田含聚污水为例,利用原子力显微镜、环境扫描电镜等微观分析手段,实验研究含聚污水中残余聚合物对悬浮物浓度和粒径中值,含油率以及结垢离子浓度的具体影响,并进行了含聚污水回注储层岩心动态损害实验。研究表明：当残余聚合物浓度由0 mg/L时逐级增加到150 mg/L时,注入水悬浮物浓度增加了近269.0%,粒径中值仅增加0.3μm,抽滤速度下降了99.3%,含油率下降了86.5%,镁钙离子浓度下降了18.0%。残余聚合物的絮凝作用以及对纤维滤膜的吸附作用是悬浮物增加、抽滤速度显著降低的主要原因,乳化作用使得常规含油率测定值偏低,且残余聚合物浓度及分子量越高,注入水水质变化趋势越明显。另外,单一残余聚合物对高渗透储层损害有限,其与悬浮物及含油的协同作用是主要伤害源。 相似文献
8.
实验采用水溶液聚合法合成了蒙脱石/聚丙烯酸钠复合高吸水材料,并设计了新颖的力学装置来研究其机械及液压胁迫响应特性。通过改变蒙脱石含量参数,系列数据结果表明:添加适量蒙脱石能够改善丙烯酸钠树脂的吸水膨胀能力和机械强度-单体丙烯酸、引发剂过硫酸钾、交联剂N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、中和度和温度不变的情况下,蒙脱石含量为20wt%的合成材料的膨胀能力最好,吸水率为643g/g;刚性机械压力增加显著降低复合材料的吸水活力,从而降低其膨胀能力;咸淡水、淡咸水反复吸水循环虽然会明显降低复合材料的吸水活力,但不会带来彻底损害;外加压力胁迫下,复合材料吸水速率在前4h内恒定,而后非线性降低。本实验为研究防海水入侵盐敏性材料提供了新方法和基础数据。 相似文献
9.
以N-羟甲基苯甲酰胺和取代芳烃为原料,合成了N-(3-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-羟基-4,5-二甲基苄基)苯甲酰胺(A)、N-(3-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-羟基-4,6-二甲基苄基)苯甲酰胺(B)、N-(4-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-羟基-3,6-二甲基苄基)苯甲酰胺(C)、N-(3-甲基-5-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-羟基苄基)苯甲酰胺(D)、N-(4-甲基-5-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-羟基苄基)苯甲酰胺(E)、N-(5-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-羟基-3-甲氧基苄基)苯甲酰胺(F)和N-(5-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-甲氧基-4-甲基苄基)苯甲酰胺(G)共7种双苯甲酰胺基取代的类辣素结构化合物。通过红外光谱(IR)和核磁氢谱(1 H NMR)对其结构进行了表征。抑菌试验结果表明化合物F和化合物G对2种受试菌金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑制活性最高,最小抑菌浓度均可达到0.125mg/mL。以该7种化合物为辅助防污剂,复合氧化亚铜制备海洋防污涂料,实海挂板120天后,除含D试片外其余6个试片均表面光洁无污损生物附着,表现出优良的防污性能。 相似文献
10.
贻贝胰蛋白酶抑制剂的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用0.05mol/dm3、pH7.8的磷酸缓冲液抽提及热变性、硫酸铵盐析和凝胶层析等方法,从海产软体动物贻贝(Mytilus)中分离得到一种仅对胰蛋白酶专一性抑制的蛋白酶抑制剂结晶。在聚丙烯酸胺凝胶电泳和SDS-聚丙烯酸胺凝胶电泳上均显单一的谱带。经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定,其相对分子质量为3 2100.N-末端分析和氨基酸组成测定结果表明贻贝抑制剂是以甘氨酸、赖氨酸为N-末端,由253个氨基酸组成的2条多肽链或亚基聚成的一组蛋白。但它对热及酸碱较不稳定。通过一系列酶促反应动力学的研究表明,贻贝抑制剂对胰蛋白酶呈可逆竞争性的抑制作用。其Km和Ki值分别为7.7×10-4mol/dm3、8.9×10-5mol/dm3。 相似文献
11.
A technique for measuring in-situ compressional wave speed dispersion in marine sediments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Compressional speed dispersion exists in all marine sediments. If the dispersion is great enough it may play a significant role in acoustic interaction with the seabed. On the other hand if dispersion is weak, seabed models and databases can be substantially simpler. The ocean acoustics community is divided on this issue, in part because of the lack of observations. One of the experimental challenges has been to measure speed over several decades of frequency using a single technique so that observed speed changes cannot be due to different biases in the techniques. A simple in-situ experimental approach was developed that measures the critical angle as a function of frequency and thus infers the speed dispersion. Measurements on the mid to outer continental shelf (Malta Plateau and the New Jersey Shelf STRATAFORM area) show a weak dispersion over the band from /spl sim/10/sup 2/-10/sup 4/ Hz. This implies (via the Kramers-Kronig relations) that the compressional wave attenuation for these sediments is small and/or approximately linear over this band. 相似文献
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Simpson D. Devine M. Warsh C. Meyer E. O'Connor T. P. Park 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1978,3(4):165-171
Ocean-dumping studies are designed to establish critical indexes of environmental quality to assess the impacts of ocean dumping. Strategies emphasized are: 1) source function characterization including determinations of toxicities of original wastes, 2) environmental characterization, 3) waste dispersion studies in the laboratory and at sea, and 4) waste biota interaction studies, both in the short term, within a life cycle of organisms affected, and in the long term, over many life cycles. Present tools include: 1) quantitative mapping of pollutant distribution by aerial remote sensing and moored and drifting arrays, 2) realtime tracking of waste dispersion in the ocean by 20- and 200-kHz acoustic records, 3) continuous multidepth water sampling to obtain sea truth, 4) in situ bioassay devices, and 5) mathematical dispersion models, some of which are similar to atmospheric chimney plume dispersion models. 相似文献
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In order to study the properties of sound-speed dispersion in a sandy sediment, the sound speed was measured both at high frequency (90-170 kHz) and low frequency (0.5-3 kHz) in laboratory environments. At high frequency, a sampling measurement was conducted with boiled and uncooked sand samples collected from the bottom of a large water tank. The sound speed was directly obtained through transmission measurement using single source and single hydrophone. At low frequency, an in situ measurement was conducted in the water tank, where the sandy sediment had been homogeneously paved at the bottom for a long time. The sound speed was indirectly inverted according to the traveling time of signals received by three buried hydrophones in the sandy sediment and the geometry in experiment. The results show that the mean sound speed is approximate 1710-1713 m/s with a weak positive gradient in the sand sample after being boiled (as a method to eliminate bubbles as much as possible) at high frequency, which agrees well with the predictions of Biot theory, the effective density fluid model (EDFM) and Buckingham''s theory. However, the sound speed in the uncooked sandy sediment obviously decreases (about 80%) both at high frequency and low frequency due to plenty of bubbles in existence. And the sound-speed dispersion performs a weak negative gradient at high frequency. Finally, a water-unsaturated Biot model is presented for trying to explain the decrease of sound speed in the sandy sediment with plenty of bubbles. 相似文献
16.
全面收集1988—2025年中国地球观测卫星(和飞船)计划,包括历史的、运行中的和列入未来计划的。详细介绍风云卫星系列(FY-n)、海洋卫星系列(HY-n)、资源卫星系列(ZY-n)、环境卫星系列(HJ-n)、中国遥感卫星系列(CRS-n)、灾害监测星座/北京小卫星(DMC/BJ-1)、神舟飞船系列(SZ-n)和天宫空间站系列(TG-n)等8个卫星(和飞船、空间站)系列。这些卫星(和飞船、空间站)系列都提供对海洋的观测,从而构成中国卫星海洋观测系统。按装载的传感器分类,进而给出中国的海色、海表温度、海面高度、海面风场和合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星观测系统。对中国海洋观测卫星与国际海洋观测卫星装载的传感器性能作了比较和讨论,指出差距。列出目前在轨运行的中国海洋卫星观测系统38个传感器及其类似的国外卫星传感器。 相似文献
17.
A higher-order non-hydrostatic σ model is developed to simulate non-linear refraction–diffraction of water waves. To capture non-linear (or steep) waves, a 4th-order spatial discretization is utilized to approximate the large horizontal pressure gradient. A higher-order top-layer pressure treatment is further implemented to resolve wave propagation. The model's characteristics including linear wave dispersion and non-linearity are carefully examined. The accuracy of the present model using only two vertical layers is validated by laboratory data and the available results predicted by the non-linear Schrödinger equation, Boussinesq-type equations, the non-linear mild slope equation, and the Laplace equation. Features of harmonic generation as well as the influences of dispersion and non-linearity on wave energy transfer processes are discussed. 相似文献
18.
In order to study the properties of sound-speed dispersion in a sandy sediment, the sound speed was measured both at high frequency(90–170 k Hz) and low frequency(0.5–3 k Hz) in laboratory environments. At high frequency, a sampling measurement was conducted with boiled and uncooked sand samples collected from the bottom of a large water tank. The sound speed was directly obtained through transmission measurement using single source and single hydrophone. At low frequency, an in situ measurement was conducted in the water tank, where the sandy sediment had been homogeneously paved at the bottom for a long time. The sound speed was indirectly inverted according to the traveling time of signals received by three buried hydrophones in the sandy sediment and the geometry in experiment. The results show that the mean sound speed is approximate 1710–1713 m/s with a weak positive gradient in the sand sample after being boiled(as a method to eliminate bubbles as much as possible) at high frequency, which agrees well with the predictions of Biot theory, the effective density fluid model(EDFM) and Buckingham's theory. However, the sound speed in the uncooked sandy sediment obviously decreases(about 80%)both at high frequency and low frequency due to plenty of bubbles in existence. And the sound-speed dispersion performs a weak negative gradient at high frequency. Finally, a water-unsaturated Biot model is presented for trying to explain the decrease of sound speed in the sandy sediment with plenty of bubbles. 相似文献
19.
太平洋牡蛎受精过程中的精核扩散与成熟分裂 总被引：27，自引：2，他引：25
光镜下观察了太平洋牡蛎受精过程中的原核形成和成熟分裂。受精前,卵子处于第一次成熟分裂前期（即生发泡阶段）。精子入卵后开始进行成熟分裂,过程如下：（1）生发泡破裂前精核只进行轻微增大。（2）生发泡破裂,精核迅速去致密,体积迅速增大。（3）第一次成熟分裂结束,精核扩散速度减慢,核内染色体致密环状结构。（4）第二次成熟分裂结束,精核膨胀到最大程度。（5）两性原核形成,准备进行第一次卵裂。在整个受精过程中,核仁一直存在,其体积逐渐减小;有多精入卵并有多个精原核同时形成的现象。 相似文献
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Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The relationship between the DN/reflectance values of Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 8 OLI, and U-K‑DMC2 SLIM-6-22 imagery and the concentration of total... 相似文献