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1.
取自南海北部的3块自生碳酸盐岩主要为圆环状、结核状和结壳状。X射线衍射分析显示,这3件碳酸盐岩主要由黏土矿物、陆源碎屑(石英、长石)和碳酸盐矿物(高镁方解石和铁白云石)组成;碳氧同位素分析表明,结核状和结壳状碳酸盐岩具有极负的δ13C(分别为-32.83‰和-38.01‰PDB)和正的δ18O(分别为+2.19‰和+2.96‰PDB),不同于正常沉积的海相碳酸盐岩,甲烷厌氧氧化过程控制了这些碳酸盐岩的形成。碳酸盐岩为甲烷成因,记录了南海东北部海底富含甲烷的冷泉活动历史。  相似文献   

2.
对墨西哥湾布什山采集的7块冷泉碳酸盐岩样品进行了沉积岩石学及地球化学研究,结果表明:冷泉碳酸盐岩以结壳的形式产出,结壳中双壳类和管状蠕虫等冷泉生物碎屑发育,结壳主要由泥晶、微晶和亮晶文石组成(含量89%~99%,平均94%)。碳酸盐岩13C中等亏损(δ13C最负值为-29.4‰,PDB),表明碳的来源主要是非甲烷的碳烃化合物,18O相对富集(δ18O为+2.4‰~+5.0‰,PDB),可能与原地水合物分解形成富集18O的孔隙水有关。碳酸盐矿物相(5%硝酸可溶部分)的稀土元素总量较低(0.40×10-6~20.85×10-6),稀土元素Ce异常特征和页岩标准化配分模式在不同样品、甚至同一样品结晶程度不同的碳酸盐矿物相(泥晶、微晶和亮晶)中变化显著,表明布什山冷泉碳酸盐岩形成过程中氧化还原条件复杂多变,控制氧化环境变化的主要因素可能是流体的渗漏速率。  相似文献   

3.
南海北部陆坡九龙甲烷礁冷泉碳酸盐岩沉积岩石学特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文对南海北部陆坡九龙甲烷礁采集的两个冷泉碳酸盐岩样品TVG-1和TVG-11进行了矿物学、岩石学和碳氧同位素分析研究。X射线衍射分析(XRD)结果表明,自生矿物主要为文石、白云石和高镁方解石等,碎屑矿物含量较少。TVG-11中存在大量的文石,而TVG-1只保留了已转化为方解石的文石假象,据此可以推断TVG-1的形成要早于TVG-11。扫描电镜(SEM)显微结构特征显示,自生矿物主要是通过细菌的厌氧氧化作用,直接从冷泉中沉淀出来的。碳、氧同位素测试结果显示,碳酸盐岩具有强δ^13C亏损和一定程度的δ^18O富集的特征,TVG-1和TVG-11的δ^13C值分别为-46.22%。和-52.88%,均低于-40%,表明碳源于微生物作用的甲烷厌氧氧化,是指示该海域存在冷泉的重要证据;TVG-1和TVG-11的δ^18O值分别为3.19‰和4.07‰,存在一定程度的δ^18O富集。碳氧同位素和矿物的显微结构特征都说明九龙甲烷礁碳酸盐岩是烃类渗漏微生物作用而形成的自生碳酸盐岩,可能是天然气水合物分解引起的沉积,显示该区存在水合物的可能性很大。  相似文献   

4.
南海北部冷泉碳酸盐岩层状结构及其地质意义   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过对南海北部冷泉碳酸盐岩的结构进行研究,发现了3种不同的层状结构:结核状碳酸盐岩的微纹层和烟囱状碳酸盐岩平行及垂直烟囱壁的层。不同层的微结构、化学成分、矿物等方面的研究结果表明:结核状碳酸盐岩层的各个微纹层在结晶程度、矿物形态、孔隙度等方面不同,但化学成分变化不大;对于烟囱状碳酸盐岩,与烟囱壁平行的内外层之间矿物、成岩程度等不同,垂直烟囱壁的不同层之间碳酸盐矿物含量不同。碳酸盐岩不同的层状结构是其形成时地质、物理、化学和生物等信息的反映,对于恢复其形成时的古环境具有重要意义。  相似文献   

5.
李春园  孙蕾  葛璇  喻涛 《海洋学报》2013,35(3):246-254
为深入研究南海北部表层沉积物中碳酸盐的来源及其控制因素,采用湿筛法,对南海北部珠江口、陆架、陆坡及海盆表层沉积物中碳酸盐的含量、δ18O和δ13C及其粒度分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,南海北部表层沉积物中的碳酸盐可能主要以海洋自生碳酸盐为主,其含量在空间上以陆坡显著高于海盆、陆架及珠江口为特征。粒度上,陆架(水深80 m)和浅陆坡(水深550 m)处碳酸盐的粒度分布相对平均,但在珠江口及730 m以深,76.9%~84.5%的碳酸盐分布于小于32 μm的粒级中。另外,珠江口和陆架与陆坡和海盆碳酸盐δ18O和δ13C的空间及粒度分布特征显著不同。珠江口陆架区,在空间上从珠江口向陆架,全样碳酸盐的δ18O和δ13C由轻变重。粒度上,碳酸盐的δ18O和δ13C随着粒径的增大而变重,并且δ18O和δ13C之间正相关,主要受珠江淡水的δ18O及其δ13CDIC控制。陆坡海盆区,空间上,从陆坡向海盆,δ18O略有变轻,δ13C基本不变。粒度上,碳酸盐的δ18O和δ13C随着粒度的增大没有明显的变化趋势,并且δ18O与δ13C之间不相关或负相关。其δ18O可能主要受表层海水的温度控制,其δ13C可能主要受海水δ13CDIC控制。  相似文献   

6.
冷泉碳酸盐岩是指示南海北部可能发育天然气水合物的重要证据之一。对在西沙海槽采集到的冷泉碳酸盐结壳颗粒进行了形貌、稳定同位素等的研究,讨论和揭示了冷泉碳酸盐结壳的形成机理及其与甲烷冷泉活动的关系。结果表明,碳酸盐结壳具有多孔结构,冷泉矿物为文石和重晶石,文石呈针状,含量为39.5%—46.6%,重晶石呈矮柱状,含量为15.6%—21.2%,它们均是从流体中沉淀出来的。重晶石的δ34S值为23.47‰—26.32‰,表明硫同位素发生正漂移,属于与冷泉流体有关的成岩成因重晶石。文石的碳同位素轻度亏损,δ13C值为-13.30‰—-29.59‰,主要来源于热解成因气,但结合了少量正常海水的溶解碳,δ18O值为2.32‰—3.74‰,指示碳酸盐结壳形成时的温度为3.5—9.7℃。研究表明,碳酸盐结壳形成于流体活动缓慢的环境,是深部富含Ba2 的甲烷冷泉流体向上排放和喷溢,在近海底遇到向下渗漏的富含SO42-海水,发生缺氧甲烷氧化反应沉淀出文石,流体中剩余的重34S的SO42-与Ba2 形成重晶石,因此,碳酸盐结壳是西沙海槽存在甲烷冷泉活动的证据。研究结果为进一步开展该海域潜在天然气水合物的调查和研究提供了新证据。  相似文献   

7.
本文对2018年利用“海龙Ⅲ”ROV在南海东北部陆坡采集到的多金属结核样品进行了矿物学和地球化学分析。结果表明研究区结核以棒状为主,具有2层结构。结核外层的矿物学和元素组成特征与水成型多金属结核较为相似。结核内层多发育孔洞,以针铁矿为主,有黄铁矿残余,Fe、As元素含量高,Mn、REE等元素含量低。NH-2结核样品内部的碳酸盐组分的全岩δ13C为-30.91‰。所研究结核样品的早期形成过程与冷泉活动密切相关,结核生长后期冷泉活动停止或是减弱,在等深流作用下结核黄铁矿被氧化成针铁矿,之后锰铁氧化物继续在结核外部生长。  相似文献   

8.
白云石成因一直是地学中尚未解决的难题,海底冷泉系统中发育的原生白云石为解决白云石成因问题提供了新途径。台湾甲仙白云仙谷早上新世盐水坑组页岩地层中发育有冷泉白云岩,其流体来源和沉积环境并不清楚。本文通过矿物学和岩石学,结合碳氧同位素、微量和稀土元素地球化学,探索该冷泉白云岩的流体特征和形成环境,为解决白云石成因提供参考。白云仙谷冷泉白云岩以烟囱状或透镜状产出于页岩中,碳酸盐矿物均为泥微晶白云石,含量为61.4%~88.0%。冷泉白云岩的δ13C为-27.08‰~-10.58‰,指示形成白云石的碳源可能是热成因甲烷和海水的混合。Ni/Co均值为12.54,稀土元素配分模式呈中稀土富集、无Ce异常,均表明冷泉白云岩形成于弱还原的沉积环境。在弱还原环境中的冷泉微生物的作用下,促进了HCO3-的增加和SO42-的消耗,可能有利于冷泉白云石的形成。  相似文献   

9.
自生碳酸盐矿物的分布特点,是体现孔隙水地球化学特征的一个侧面。在布莱克海岭气体水合物赋存的沉积区域里(ODP994#、995#、997#)就利用这点来评价成岩作用。碳酸盐矿物的分布特点揭示了三个独特的成岩分带:(1)在上部20mbsf (bsf:below seafloor,海底以下深度)处的碳酸盐矿物主要是生物成因的,没有显示成岩作用的存在。这个区域的方解石FOC和8180值(PDB)反映了海相碳酸盐的特点,是与海水平衡的条件下沉淀形成的;(2)在20mbsf和100mbsf深度,方解石的FOC值明显呈现负数(低至-7.0‰),自生白云石较普遍可见(2—40wt%),δ^13C值在3.6‰~13.7‰之间;(3)在,100mbsf以下,白云石从含量丰富减低至微量分布,而分散状的菱铁矿成为主要出现的矿物。菱铁矿的δ^1C和δ^18O值分别在5.0‰~10.9‰、2.9‰~7.6‰之间变化。把溶解无机碳(DIC)的δ^1C剖面分布特点和孔隙水的浓集梯度趋势与自生碳酸盐矿物的δ^13C和δ^18O值对比,我们发现,自生碳酸盐矿物在一个独特的深度区域里形成,呈带状分布。在20mbsf深度及以下,无机碳的δ^13C DIC出现最小负值(≤-38‰)、方解石白云石出现δ^13C负值,这种现象的出现是伴随着孔隙水碱度的增加、硫酸盐的亏损和孔隙间Ca^ 2 、Mg^ 2 离子的减少一起发生的,这表明自生方解石和自生白云石的形成是在硫酸盐还原带的底部开始(21mbsf左右)而在100mbsf附近深处大量出现。菱铁矿的形成很显然是在120~450mbsf之间发生,这个区间在气体水合物赋存的沉积物区域内和上部(赋存区域200—450mbsf)。菱铁矿的δ^13C和δ^18O值从它们出现的薄层一直到沉积物底部都几乎一致。然而,现在孔隙水中的δ^13C DIC仅仅与120~450mbsf间的菱铁矿的δ^13C值相似。此外,从菱铁矿中计算出来的与之平衡的δ^18O值与120~450mbsf区段处菱铁矿的δ^18O测量值很好地匹配起来。该区段以高碱度(40-120mm)、低Ca^ 2 、Mg^ 2 浓集度为特征,这符合菱铁矿的形成条件。  相似文献   

10.
在系统收集和分析南海海底冷泉资料基础上,应用浅剖和多波束水体影像技术识别海底冷泉,结合地质条件综合研究南海冷泉分布特征,进而分析探讨其油气地质意义。研究结果表明,南海冷泉分布广泛,神狐、东沙西南部、东沙东北部、琼东南、西沙海槽、南沙南部和越南沿岸等海域均发现冷泉,冷泉分布水深为200~3 000m。海底冷泉与深部油气乃至浅层天然气水合物资源有着密切的成因联系。冷泉及其伴生物(冷泉碳酸盐岩)的探测与识别对海洋油气勘探,尤其是天然气水合物勘查的指示作用明显。浅剖和多波束水体影像技术不仅可以探测和识别冷泉,而且两者结合可实现低成本、高效率的海底地质异常体(冷泉碳酸盐岩、泥底辟及气烟囱等)的声学异常探测,极大地提高了海洋油气勘探及天然气水合物勘查的成功率。  相似文献   

11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ~200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ~380 km from the coast at a depth of ~250 m above the sea level.  相似文献   

12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.  相似文献   

13.
双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺的检测方法初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究的目的是探索一种检测双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺含量的方法。以栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)为实验对象,研究了取样、抗氧化剂、氧化铝用量以及Tris缓冲液用量等对实验结果的影响。结果表明,高效液相色谱电化学检测器法(HPLC-ECD)可以灵敏高效地对双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺进行定性、定量检测。实验表明,取样时间最长不超过1.5min;还原性谷胱甘肽作抗氧化剂效果较好;前处理各试剂与血样量的最适配比为血样量1.5mL,Tris缓冲液(1.5mol/L,pH8.6)1mL和氧化铝25mg;水洗后离心并尽可能吸干氧化铝中的水分。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的回收率分别为53%~69%、47%~73%和48%~56%。  相似文献   

14.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

15.
为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明:黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km2,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km2;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。  相似文献   

16.
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

17.
The authors have previously determined that the effectiveness and failure pattern of the ice cover caused by flexural-gravity waves generated by a submerged body motion near the bottom ice can greatly depend on the depth of the water area. In its turn, the presence of a ledge on the ice surface may affect a wave propagation pattern. This paper presents an experimental study of the bottom contour influence on the deflection and length of flexural-gravity waves. The authors describe a numerical model for the analysis of the deformed state of ice caused by hydrodynamic loads due to a submarine motion, taking into account the bottom contour. The experiments are carried out in the ice tank. The results of calculations and experiments are compared.  相似文献   

18.
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.  相似文献   

19.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.  相似文献   

20.
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

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