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1.
以坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)叶状体为材料,测定了其在不同光强强度胁迫下细胞内超氧阴离子自由基(O~-_2·)、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、羟自由基(·OH)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化.结果表明,在光强为200μmol/(m~2·s)即检测到了O~-_2·含量的显著上升,而当光强继续升高至500μmol/(m~2·s)以上时,O~-_2·含量开始显著减少,H_2O_2和·OH含量开始显著上升;SOD和CAT的酶活伴随光强升高而呈现为逐渐下降的趋势,GSH的含量在光强超过500μmol/(m~2·s)时显著下降,只有APX酶活在整个高光强胁迫过程中呈现为活性逐渐增强的趋势.这些结果说明,坛紫菜细胞内存在着一套应答高光强胁迫的活性氧清除机制,APX在其中发挥重要作用.但当光强超过500μmol/(m~2·s)以上时,坛紫菜细胞内的活性氧清除机制难以满足活性氧清除的需要,氧化性更强的·OH迅速积累,引起细胞膜脂的严重损伤. 相似文献
2.
探讨中国8种主要红树植物的叶片和3种典型胎生的胚轴种苗,在生长发育中Cl、Na、K、Ca、Mg及灰分的含量动态.结果表明,随着胚轴在母树上的胎生发育,胚轴不仅Cl、Na含量降低,K、Ca、Mg及灰分含量也降低,成熟时各元素及灰分含量均远低于果实,表明胚轴的盐分含量在胎生过程中是一个低盐化的过程.红树植物叶片从幼叶至老叶:K含量降低;Ca、Mg含量提高;Cl、Na及灰分含量拒盐红树提高,而泌盐红树则相反幼叶高于老叶.表明拒盐红树盐分有集中于老叶的趋势,随着叶片更新、富盐叶片凋落而排除体内过多盐分的累积是拒盐红树抗盐适应的特性之一.K元素则可再周转利用. 相似文献
3.
外源一氧化氮和金属铜对海洋微藻抗氧化系统的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以亚心形扁藻为研究对象,通过添加不同浓度一氧化氮(NO)(1.4×10-10～1.4×10-5 mol/L)培养,探讨NO对微藻生长、H2O2和MDA含量以及SOD活性的影响;通过对只添加金属Cu、同时添加Cu与NO实验,对微藻的H2O2和MDA含量以及SOD活性的影响进行了对比研究。结果表明,藻细胞活性氧的代谢有随NO浓度增加的趋势,同时细胞内的抗氧化酶SOD活性和MDA含量都有相应的变化,NO作为环境的"刺激物"提高了细胞内的活性氧水平,对抗氧化系统起到激活或伤害作用。在Cu胁迫下,藻细胞活性氧代谢明显提高,SOD活性提高,并导致细胞膜脂过氧化;但外源NO能明显降低活性氧的水平,并恢复SOD活性和MDA含量,对抗氧化系统起到保护作用,提高微藻的抗氧化能力。研究表明,NO在海洋浮游植物中扮演着"双重角色"——氧化剂和抗氧化剂,从而对微藻的生长起到重要的调节作用。 相似文献
4.
秋茄叶对复合重金属的胁迫反应及其积累能力研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探究重金属胁迫对红树植物秋茄Kandelia candel(L.Druce)生理指标的影响,通过砂培试验研究了秋茄在5个不同级别(T0、T1、T2、T3 和 T4)的复合重金属(镉、铅和汞)处理30d后某些生理特性的变化.结果表明,随着复合重金属胁迫浓度的增加,秋茄叶片吸收重金属量增加,而叶绿素含量明显减少.抗坏血酸(AsA)含量在T3达到最大值,但在T4减少到对照水平.当重金属处理浓度大于T1时,谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著增加.秋茄叶抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性变化趋势与AsA活性变化相似,呈先升后降趋势,在T3时酶活性都达到最大值.重金属处理对谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性有显著诱导作用.综合实验结果,可初步判断秋茄叶能积累和忍受一定量的重金属;为了减少重金属胁迫造成的氧化伤害,秋茄叶片通过调节体内的抗氧化剂含量和抗氧化酶活性来抵御活性氧的攻击. 相似文献
5.
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法对广西英罗港内滩和中滩红树林中的白骨壤Avicennia marina、桐花树Ae-giceras corniculatum和秋茄Kandelia candel叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶进行了电泳分离及酶活力测定,同时测定了红树植物采样点土壤的Mn、Cr、Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn 6种重金属元素的含量。结果表明:(1)内滩的3种红树植物叶片的POD同工酶的带数或酶活力均大于中滩;桐花树和秋茄SOD同工酶的变化趋势与POD相似,但酶活力变化幅度小于POD。(2)土壤中各种重金属含量的大小顺序是Mn>Cr>Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd,中滩高于内滩。(3)桐花树POD同工酶活力变化可对土壤重金属污染起指示作用。 相似文献
6.
以黑腹果蝇寿命及老龄小鼠体内超氧化物歧化酶活性(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX)、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)和活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量为指标,研究了海狗肾的抗衰老作用。结果表明,海狗肾能够显著延长雌性果蝇和雄性果蝇的半数死亡时间、平均寿命和平均最高寿命;显著提高老龄小鼠红细胞SOD、全血GSH-PX活性,降低血清ROS和红细胞MDA含量,具有显著的延缓衰老作用。通过提高机体内源性抗氧化酶活性,降低体内过氧化水平,是海狗肾延缓衰老的作用途径之一。 相似文献
7.
为揭示铜污染对红树植物的毒性效应和植物的抗性机制,作者研究了红树植物秋茄(Kandelia obovata)幼苗在不同质量浓度的Cu2+(0,0.5,5,50,100,200 mg/L)离子胁迫90 d后,幼苗生长、部分生理指标的变化以及Cu2+在幼苗体内的累积情况。测定的主要参数有:幼苗的主根长度、侧根数目、生物量、叶片的光合速率、色素含量、可溶性糖和蛋白含量及抗氧化酶系活性。研究结果表明:当Cu2+浓度范围在(0.5~200 mg/L)时,主根长度、侧根数目、生物量、叶片的光合速率、色素含量、可溶性糖和蛋白含量均呈降低趋势;根系POD活性持续升高,叶片和根系的SOD和CAT活性呈先升后降趋势;根系MDA含量在整个Cu2+胁迫浓度范围保持相对稳定,叶片MDA含量在高浓度Cu2+胁迫下增加;Cu2+主要累积在根部而向地上部分转运的较少。根据不同浓度的Cu2+离子对秋茄幼苗生长及生理特性影响,秋茄幼苗对Cu2+胁迫的耐受质量浓度范围为5~50 mg/L。 相似文献
8.
本研究分析了九龙江口红树植物秋茄(Kandelia obovata)和桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum),以及盐沼植物互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)和短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)不同状态(成熟、衰老和腐烂)叶片中脂肪酸组成及相对含量。结果共检测出20种脂肪酸,其中9种存在于所有样品中。样品中含量最高的饱和脂肪酸均为棕榈酸C16:0 (21.76%～39.55%),其次是硬脂酸C18:0 (4.98%～29.88%);不饱和脂肪酸主要有油酸C18:1n9 (2.04%～12.90%)、亚油酸C18:2n6 (8.25%～24.69%)和C20:1n9 (1.64%～40.45%)。红树植物和盐沼样品中的脂肪酸组成存在差异,C30:0为红树植物的特征脂肪酸。在植物衰老和腐烂的样品中的脂肪酸组成与新鲜成熟样品存在差异,C20:1n9在衰老的样品中出现明显的下降,而相比红树植物两种盐沼植物的C20:1n9含量则下降更快。研究结果表明,总体上湿地植物在衰老和腐烂后不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸的比例明显下降,而必需脂肪酸C18:2n6的水平则未出现升高。 相似文献
9.
取人工养殖栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)的血淋巴,体外加入不同浓度的硒化壳聚糖,作用1h后采用生化方法分别测定栉孔扇贝血细胞中的髓性过氧化物酶(MPO)和非特异性酯酶(NSE)的活力,以及过氧化氢(H2O2)和活性氧的含量。结果表明:加入硒化壳聚糖后,栉孔扇贝血细胞中依赖卤素的MPO、不依赖卤素的MPO、α-醋酸萘酯酶和α-丁酸萘酯酶的活力均为实验组显著高于对照组,过氧化氢和活性氧的含量也为实验组显著高于对照组。说明硒化壳聚糖对栉孔扇贝血淋巴中多种参与免疫防御的酶的活力和具有杀菌作用的免疫因子的含量均具有明显的提高作用,因而硒化壳聚糖对栉孔扇贝的免疫功能具有明显的增强作用。 相似文献
10.
不同盐胁迫时间下秋茄幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化作用的研究 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
对长时间和短时间盐胁迫下红树植物秋茄(Kandelin candel)叶片膜脂过氧化作用、叶绿素含量、电解质渗透率、叶片肉质化程度等与盐胁迫强度之间的关系进行了对比研究.结果表明,短时间盐胁迫和长时间盐胁迫下秋茄叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、叶片肉质化程度等随盐胁迫强度的提高而有不同的变化规律.在短时间盐胁迫下,随基质盐度的提高,SOD活性(fw)变化呈“U”型,在盐度15～20处叶片SOD活性最低,MDA含量变化不明显,电解质渗透率和叶片肉质化程度先升高而后下降,在盐度20处最高;在长时间盐胁迫下,SOD活性先随盐度的提高而提高,当盐度高于10时又随盐度的提高而下降,而MDA含量随盐胁迫程度的提高而下降,电解质渗透率和肉质化程度却上升,不同盐胁迫时间下红树植物秋茄具有不同的耐盐机制.膜脂过氧化不是盐胁迫下秋茄叶片膜损伤的主要原因. 相似文献
11.
So Yun Park Eun Seok Choi Jinik Hwang Donggiun Kim Tae Kwon Ryu Taek-Kyun Lee 《Ocean Science Journal》2009,44(4):199-204
Prorocentrum minimum is a common bloomforming photosynthetic dinoflagellate found along the southern coast of Korea. To investigate the adaptive responses of P. minimum to high light stress, we measured growth rate, and generation of reactive oxidative species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in cultures exposed to normal (NL) and high light levels (HL). The results showed that HL (800 μmol m?2 s?1) inhibited growth of P. minimum, with maximal inhibition after 7–9 days. HL also increased the amount of ROS and MDA, suggesting that HL stress leads to oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in this species. Under HL, we first detected superoxide on day 4 and H2O2 on day 5. We also detected SOD activity on day 5 and CAT activity on day 6. The level of lipid peroxidation, an indicator of cell death, was high on day 8. Addition of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an NAD(P)H inhibitor, decreased the levels of superoxide generation and lipid peroxidation. Our results indicate that the production of ROS which results from HL stress in P. minimum also induces antioxidative enzymes that counteract oxidative damage and allow P. minimum to survive. 相似文献
12.
不同营养状态下3种沉水植物的生理响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过静态模拟实验,比较研究了不同营养水平(贫营养、中营养、富营养、重富营养)培养的苦草(Vallisneria spirolis)、伊乐藻(Elodea nattalii)和金鱼藻(Ceracophyllurn dernersurn)的过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛含量变化.研究发现,3种沉水植物的过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性及丙二醛含量均随N,P浓度的增加而上升;3种沉水植物的丙二醛含量均随时间延长而上升,POD活性随时间变化呈先上升后下降的趋势;苦草和伊乐藻的SOD活性及伊乐藻CAT活性随时间延伸呈下降的趋势;金鱼藻的CAT活性随时间延伸呈上升的趋势. 相似文献
13.
The present study aimed to obtain additional data on the effect of long-term depuration on the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, and to clarify the role of mullets for monitoring pollution in River Douro estuary. Mullets chronically exposed to a mixture of contaminants in Douro estuary were captured in Spring of 2001, 2002 and 2003. The activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX); and oxidative damages in lipids (lipid peroxidation) and in proteins (protein carbonyl content) were assessed at capture day and after transfer to unpolluted seawater for 1, 4 and 8 months. An overall decrease in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes was detected, except for the GPX after 4 months depuration. CAT activity exhibited the more significant decrease at the end of the long-term depuration. The decrease in SOD activity after 1 month of depuration was then maintained during the remaining depuration period. Regarding oxidative damages, a decrease in lipid peroxidation as well as the content of oxidised proteins was observed during depuration. Indeed, at capture the activities of antioxidant defences were higher as a result of the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the metabolism of pollutants. The oxidative damaged molecules were repaired or degraded during the depuration period, supporting the use of such damages as indicators of exposure to pro-oxidant pollutants. 相似文献
14.
15.
Response of antioxidant systems to copper in the gills of the clam Ruditapes decussatus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Copper (Cu) is an essential element for biological systems, however, when present in excess, is toxic. Metallothioneins can play an important role in Cu homeostasis and detoxification. Moreover, Cu can catalyse the production of toxic hydroxyl radicals that cause lipid peroxidation but defence systems in the cells can limit the oxidative damage. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of three Cu concentrations (0.5, 2.5 and 25 microg l(-1)) on the response of antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), selenium-dependent glutathion peroxidase and total glutathion peroxidase), total proteins, metallothioneins (MT), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the gills of the clam, Ruditapes decussatus. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and total proteins, MT and MDA concentrations were measured in the gills of the clams after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of Cu exposure. Results indicate that Cu only induces an imbalance in the oxygen metabolism during the first week of Cu exposure due to a decrease in mitochondrial SOD and CAT, selenium-dependent and total glutathion peroxidase activities. Cu also causes lipid peroxidation, measured by the MDA formation, that was Cu dependent. In the gills of clams exposed to 25 microg Cu/l, the excess of Cu triggers the induction of MT synthesis after 3 days of exposure. 相似文献
16.
通过逐级提高氯化钠浓度的筛选方法获得了小麦耐盐细胞系。与对照细胞系相比 ,耐盐细胞系在盐分胁迫下能维持较高的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性 ,同时具有较强的脂溶性抗氧化能力。说明在细胞水平上小麦对盐分耐受力的高低与其抗氧化能力的强弱密切相关。 相似文献
17.
Florence Geret Angela Serafim Luisa Barreira Maria Joo Bebianno 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5)
Copper (Cu) is an essential element for biological systems, however, when present in excess, is toxic. Metallothioneins can play an important role in Cu homeostasis and detoxification. Moreover, Cu can catalyse the production of toxic hydroxyl radicals that cause lipid peroxidation but defence systems in the cells can limit the oxidative damage. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of three Cu concentrations (0.5, 2.5 and 25 μg l−1) on the response of antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), selenium-dependent glutathion peroxidase and total glutathion peroxidase), total proteins, metallothioneins (MT), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the gills of the clam, Ruditapes decussatus. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and total proteins, MT and MDA concentrations were measured in the gills of the clams after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of Cu exposure. Results indicate that Cu only induces an imbalance in the oxygen metabolism during the first week of Cu exposure due to a decrease in mitochondrial SOD and CAT, selenium-dependent and total glutathion peroxidase activities. Cu also causes lipid peroxidation, measured by the MDA formation, that was Cu dependent. In the gills of clams exposed to 25 μg Cu/l, the excess of Cu triggers the induction of MT synthesis after 3 days of exposure. 相似文献
18.
The effects of 7 days’ exposure to differing Triclosan (TCS) concentrations (300, 600, and 900 ng/L) were investigated in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Vitellogenin (Vg)-like protein levels in haemolymph and digestive gland from males and females, gill acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in gills and digestive gland, and gill lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured. The highest TCS concentrations decreased significantly Vg levels in male haemolymph and digestive gland, whereas no significant variations were found in females. The highest TCS concentrations increased significantly SOD activity in gills, but decreased it in digestive gland. No changes in CAT activity were observed. In gills, TCS reduced significantly AChE activity, but it did not induce significant variations in LPO. Our study demonstrates that TCS alters biochemical parameters in R. philippinarum, even at environmentally realistic concentrations, and suggests differing modes of action of the contaminant, in clams at least. 相似文献
19.
以自然种群高程分布为根据, 选择对潮汐浸泡耐性存在一定差异的白骨壤(Avicennia marina)、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)和木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)为实验树种。对3种红树幼苗进行为期0d、1d、3d、5d、7d、14d的水淹处理, 测定其根部组织的过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性、抗坏血酸氧化酶(ascorbic acid oxidase, APX)活性和过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性。水淹处理会导致植物根部组织受低氧胁迫从而破坏活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)生产和消除的平衡, ROS大量累积给植物带来氧化损伤。实验测定与清除ROS有关的酶指标, 结果表明POD活性在1d至14d的水淹周期内随时间呈现上升趋势, 这可能与POD参与活性氧以及乙醇、乳酸等有毒物质的反应有关。CAT、SOD、APX活性均呈现应激上升后下降趋势, 由此推断该系列抗氧化酶在水淹胁迫发生前中期对消除红树植物根部组织大量产生的活性氧具有重要意义。抗氧化酶系在3种红树植物中的表达存在一定差异, 但整体仍呈相似的变化趋势。通过层次聚类法对各项酶活性指标分析后发现, 白骨壤抗氧化酶系的活性模式与木榄和桐花树的存在一定差异, 但没有发现木榄与桐花树抗氧化酶系统表达模式的明显差异。本研究旨在更好地了解红树林对水淹胁迫的生理适应机制, 为红树林生态系统保护与管理提供理论依据。 相似文献