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1.
Yiguo Xue Zhiqiang Li Shucai Li Daohong Qiu Maoxin Su Zhenhao Xu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(7):816-827
AbstractThe geological conditions of subsea tunnels are extremely complex, and a water inrush disaster is prone to occur when crossing a fault. Based on a geological analysis using cloud theory, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and entropy weight theory, we aim to establish a normal cloud model with combination weight for water inrush risk evaluation in subsea tunnels. We select seven main factors, namely, the surrounding rock grade, rock integrity, overburden thickness, seawater thickness, tunnel section, permeability coefficient, and construction technology level as risk assessment indicators for the evaluation model. The risk is divided into five levels, and the numerical characters of the cloud model are calculated based on the standard of each risk level. The subjective weight and the objective weight are determined using AHP and the entropy weight method. The combination weight is calculated using the Delphi method. The comprehensive certainty degree is used to determine the risk level of water inrush. The model is applied to the Qingdao subsea tunnel to evaluate the water inrush risk crossing the F4-1 fault, and the results are basically consistent with the actual excavation conditions. This article provides a new idea for the risk assessment of water inrush in the subsea tunnel. 相似文献
2.
During the construction process of Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Undersea Tunnel, the faults and other unfavorable geological discontinuities were often encountered. To study the water inrush mechanism in the faults, both physical model test and numerical analysis were carried out. The results of crown displacement and hydraulic pressure of the monitoring sections in the physical model and numerical model were analyzed in this paper. It was found that the displacement and hydraulic pressure in the process of tunnel construction are often interacted as both cause and effect, and the lower of hydraulic pressure is often accompanied with the growth of its displacement. The changing of the excavation disturbed zone during the excavation in the undersea tunnel was also studied. The results show that the excavation disturbed zone in fault is larger than that in surrounding rock mass, and the excavation disturbance effects in the filling type fault are both transient and persistent. When the displacement and hydraulic pressure in the undersea tunnel change sharply during excavation, there are relatively slow and continuous change trend of the displacement and hydraulic pressure. For practical purposes, to prevent water inrush in the undersea tunnel, more attentions should also be paid to the undersea tunnel after excavation. 相似文献
3.
Yiguo Xue Guangkun Li Xiukai Wang Daohong Qiu Maoxin Su 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(9):1106-1117
AbstractFault fracture zones have always been a key problem in the construction of submarine tunnels. To efficiently summarize the safety impact of different construction schemes on a submarine tunnel crossing a fault fracture, a theoretical model using numerical simulation has been established via the benching tunnelling construction method, three-step method, Center Diaphragm method (CD method), both sides heading method, Cross Diaphragm method (CRD method) and two kinds of supporting methods: pre-grouting and shotcreting. Numerical simulation studies on the excavation and support of submarine tunnels crossing fault fracture zones have been carried out. The research indicates: the fracture zone is the main area where sedimentation instability occurs; the CRD method has the lowest horizontal convergence under the support of the diaphragm; increasing the grouting strength is more effective in controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock than increasing the range of the pre-grouting and the thickness of the shotcrete in the initial support is increased, and its resulting effect is obvious. To optimize the construction scheme, we compared the settlement, horizontal convergence and surrounding rock stress of the tunnel according to the simulation results of different excavation support methods, which could provide theoretical guidance for better on-site construction techniques. 相似文献
4.
Yiguo Xue Binghua Zhou Daohong Qiu Maoxin Su Chuanqi Qu Xueliang Zhang 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(10):1267-1276
AbstractThe overlying rock thickness of a subsea tunnel controls its vertical line. It not only ensures the safety and stability of tunnel construction period and operation period, but also ensures the economy of subsea tunnel. In the current research, few papers give full consideration to the complex indicators of prediction the overlying rock thickness. However, in this study, a hybrid intelligent system was established to predict the overlying rock thickness of a subsea tunnel based on Qingdao Kiaochow Bay Subsea Tunnel, China. The sea depth, basic quality index of rock mass, soft soil layer thickness, permeability coefficient, and construction management level were selected as the main factors influencing the overlying rock thickness. Using the data obtained from project site exploration, objective weight factors were calculated using rough set theory, and subjective weight factors were calculated using the analytic hierarchy process. Furthermore, the combination of weights was obtained for each factor. Finally, the weight of influencing factors was incorporated into the extension model, and the overlying rock thickness of pending section was calculated. The results of overlying rock thickness prediction model are consistent with the actual value, indicating that the model has good engineering applicability and application value. 相似文献
5.
针对采用定值相对极限位移判定隧道围岩稳定性时存在的问题,提出了采用模糊概率理论判定隧道围岩稳定的计算方法.结合厦门翔安海底隧道工程实际,利用曲线回归和模糊概率方法对海底隧道围岩稳定性概率进行了计算分析.参考现行规范并根据海底隧道各个开挖步的变形量综合确定极限相对位移上下限,采用指数函数对海底隧道CRD1部和CRD3部的拱顶下沉收敛曲线进行了回归分析.根据回归参数及实测结果,应用模糊概率公式对隧道围岩的稳定性概率进行了计算,从而为根据某个时刻的相对位移来判断海底隧道稳定性提供了参考. 相似文献
6.
Conductor casing jetting technique has been increasingly applied in deepwater drilling. The insight into the jetting excavation mechanisms is critical in guiding a successful conductor casing jetting operation. The real- time continuous jet excavation process is simulated with the volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase method of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) ANSYS Fluent calculation software in the current study. The cohesive soil is modelled by using a kind of viscous fluid with Herschel-Bulkley model. In addition, a laboratory half round nozzle jet excavation test is designed for verification by comparison of the observed jet excavation profile with the numerical results. The sensitivity parameters affecting the conductor jetting excavation mechanism in cohesive soil are thus investigated. It is found that the application of Herschel-Bulkley (HB) model for cohesive soil and the VOF method of Fluent can provide a good simulation of jet excavation process. The maximum excavation depth can be determined by the undrained ultimate bearing capacity of the circular foundation with a bearing capacity factor of 6.7. The nozzle position, jet velocity and soil strength have significantly influence on the depth and width of the jet excavation profile in conductor oblique jet. 相似文献
7.
由于海底隧道的特殊性，其防排水技术与一般陆地隧道有着显著区别，本文介绍了厦门翔安海底隧道的防排水方案设计情况，对方案实施效果进行了评估．得出了海底隧道防排水应结合围岩与支护的自防水功能采取以堵为主的原则，并针对海底隧道防排水方案实施中的问题，提出了对初期支护背后注浆是重点，改进注浆材料等建议．从而论述了防排水技术是海底隧道工程建设的核心问题． 相似文献
8.
Analyses of Seepage Problems in a Subsea Tunnel Considering Effects of Grouting and Lining Structure
Guangcheng Yang Xinghua Wang Xiangge Wang Yonggang Cao 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2016,34(1):65-70
Analytical solutions for water inflow and water pressure based on steady-state water inflow into a circular subsea tunnel in a semi-infinite aquifer are deduced depending on the rock permeability, drainage at the lining, and grouting parameters. Based on the parameters of the Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay subsea tunnel, the differences between the proposed solutions and three previous methods are analyzed. Comparisons of the results of different methods verify the validity of the proposed analytical solutions and manifest the superiorities of the proposed solutions in reflecting the effects of grouting and lining structure on the seepage problems in a subsea tunnel. Discussion of the lining structure is also made and we conclude that “block-based and limited drainage” should be the design principle of lining structures. Finally, the method of identifying the most rational and economical grouting parameters is presented. 相似文献
9.
地下气库的围岩稳定性关系到地下气库的安全与使用。影响地下洞室稳定的因素很多,解析法虽然可以得到精确解,但是只能针对圆形洞室。而数值计算方法可以计算各种情况下围岩的应力、变形、塑性分布等情况。利用有限元分析软件分析了洞室形状对围岩稳定性的影响,确定了合理的洞形;讨论了围岩应力应变随深度的变化规律,以及不同的支护类型对围岩变形的影响,确定了经济合理的支护类型。最终为该地质条件下的洞室围岩稳定设计提供了依据。 相似文献
10.
This study used the strength reduction method to analyze the seismic stability of a subsea tunnel under the effects of seepage and temperature. Excess pore water pressure within the rock mass was first eliminated by calculating the consolidation; then, an earthquake wave was applied to begin the dynamic and time-history analysis and to obtain the maximum horizontal displacement of the model boundary. Finally, a temperature field model was established for the thermal analysis of the structure. The temperature of each node of the structure was regarded as a form of outside load applied to the reduction model; both sides of the vertical horizontal displacement of the boundary nodes and gravity were used as inputs for the static analysis when the vertex horizontal displacement reached its maximum value. By continuously decreasing the shear strength parameters, the safety factor of the tunnel structure was determined. The results show that the plastic zone first appeared in a smaller range on both sides of the tunnel arch feet near the lining and vault of both sides. The safety factor decreased with increasing water depth and overburden layer thickness. 相似文献
11.
Immersed tube tunnels are usually placed on soft soil layers in cross-sea tunnelling engineering. Owing to the influence of stratum conditions and slope design, the longitudinal distribution of substratum layers is generally uneven. Thus, the inhomogeneous deformation of the element-joint becomes the key factor in the failure of the immersed tube tunnel. Therefore, a corresponding calculation method for joint deformation is needed to explore the deformation law of immersed tube tunnels. By constructing a three-section immersed tube tunnel analysis model (TTM), the relationship between the two types of deformation of the immersed tube tunnel structure in a longitudinal nonuniform soft soil foundation is described, and the deformation characteristics of the immersed structure under different boundaries are discussed. Based on the mechanical behaviour of the joint and foundation, according to the Timoshenko beam on the Vlasov two-parameter foundation (VTM), considering the tidal cyclic load during the operation and maintenance period, an example analysis is given. Moreover, the deformation characteristics and development trend of the immersed tube tunnel under the influence of different soil layers are discussed. The obtained results have a certain guiding significance for the deformation calculation of immersed tube tunnels.
相似文献12.
水下井口的疲劳完整性是海洋油气田长期安全开采的前提。工业界往往采用贴应变片直接测量水下井口应变来计算弯矩和疲劳损伤，但水下井口应变片粘贴困难且不能长时间连续工作。采用对水下井口监测方法，基于隔水管—防喷器组—水下井口的运动和力学特性，考虑防喷器组惯性力矩建立系统耦合动力学方程，最终形成基于监测数据的水下井口循环弯矩计算方法。以南海某深水水下井口为例，建立隔水管—防喷器组—水下井口系统有限元模型并进行动态分析，提取隔水管底部张力、转角、防喷器组加速度及转角等参数，代入所建立的系统耦合动力学模型，得到水下井口弯矩与有限元计算结果吻合良好。研究表明只需通过在线监测获得所需的输入数据，无需监测水下井口应变即可获取水下井口循环弯矩。建立的系统耦合动力学模型可为水下井口疲劳完整性评估提供理论依据。 相似文献
13.
为了探索不同径厚比海底管道的压溃屈曲特性，本文分别采用挪威船级社（Det Norske Veritas,DNV）规范、有限元模拟和深海压力舱模型试验，研究不同径厚比海底管道承载外部水压的能力，并就DNV规范压溃屈曲计算公式对不同径厚比管道的适用性进行了讨论，优化了小径厚比海底管道压溃屈曲的设计方法。研究表明：小径厚比管道的压溃屈曲临界压力对管道径厚比的变化更敏感；DNV规范计算小径厚比管道的压溃屈曲临界压力偏小，在进行深海管道的压溃屈曲设计时，建议采用模型试验结合有限元模拟的方法，计算管道实际可提供的压溃屈曲承载力。 相似文献
14.
适于模拟不规则水域波浪的缓坡方程两种数值模型比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文分析比较了适于不规则水域波浪模拟的椭圆型缓坡方程两种数值模型。两种数值模型均采用有限体积法离散,分别基于四叉树网格和非结构化三角形网格建立。首先结合近岸缓坡地形上波浪传播的经典物理模型实验对两种数值模型分别进行了验证,并结合计算结果对比分析了两种模型的计算精度和效率。计算结果表明,两种数值模型均可有效地模拟近岸波浪的传播变形;相对非结构化三角形网格下的模型,基于四叉树网格建立的数值模型在数值离散和求解过程中无需引入形函数、不产生复杂的交叉项,离散简单,易于程序实现,且节约计算存储空间,计算效率高。 相似文献
15.
柔性网衣作为渔业养殖的重要组成部分,其水动力的计算分析对网箱的安全使用至关重要。基于桁架模型和多孔介质模型对柔性网衣和流场单向耦合计算的数值模拟方法进行了研究。通过code_aster软件基于桁架模型计算出网衣变形后节点坐标和网衣受力,然后将节点坐标导入OpenFOAM识别出网衣变形后的多孔介质区域,并基于多孔介质模型模拟水流作用下网衣周围的流场和计算网衣的受力。为了验证模型的正确性,将不同工况对圆形网衣的数值模拟结果与物理试验数据进行比较,包括code_aster中计算的网衣变形形状、OpenFOAM模拟的网衣周围流场以及在code_aster和OpenFOAM中计算的网衣受力。计算结果表明,圆形网衣在单纯来流下变形明显,与试验结果保持一致,证明了网衣变形和水动力单向耦合方法的准确性。 相似文献
16.
Until now more than 14 subway lines are in operation and some new lines are being built in the coastal city Shanghai. The longitudinal settlement of shield tunnel has significant effect on the safety of the subway operation. In this paper, the deformation of the shield tunnel and the surrounding soil were analyzed by the establishment of a three-dimensional model. The vertical displacements of four paths (Path 1 is on the ground; Path 2 is at the top of the tunnel; Path 3 is in the middle of the tunnel; Path 4 is at the bottom of the tunnel) are affected by the nature of the soil. The horizontal displacement is smaller than the vertical displacement and horizontal displacement of the clay is larger than that of the sand. The distribution of the pore pressure changes with soil properties around the tunnel. The pore pressure of the sand layer is larger than that of the clay layer at the same depth of underlying soil. 相似文献
17.
The long-term settlement of a subway tunnel, especially the differential settlement affects the safe operation of the subway. In this article, the settlement of a subway tunnel was studied from the theoretical and numerical analyses based on the monitoring data. According to the monitoring data, the deformation of segments at different locations is different, and the deformation around a channel is larger than other places. The settlements of tunnel calculated by two theoretical methods are consistent with that obtained in the centrifuge model test. The numerical simulation indicates that the vertical displacement is much bigger than the horizontal displacement. 相似文献
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19.
The main results of a two-year project aimed at comparing full-scale tests, wind tunnel tests, and numerical analysis predictions are presented. Pressure measurements were obtained from both full-scale tests and wind tunnel tests, in upwind and downwind conditions. The upwind wind tunnel test condition was modelled using a Vortex Lattice code, while the downwind wind tunnel test was modelled using a Navier-Stokes code. The pressures obtained from the three different methods are compared on three horizontal sections of the headsail, mainsail and asymmetric spinnaker. In general the pressure from the three experiments showed good agreement. In particular, very good agreement was obtained between the numerical computations and the wind tunnel test results. Conversely, the results from the downwind full-scale pressure measurements showed less similarity due to a slightly tightened trim being used for the spinnaker in the on-water tests. Full-scale tests allow the action of unsteadiness due to the wind, wave and yacht movements to affect the results. This unstable environment caused the asymmetric spinnaker to move around, and a tightened trim was required to prevent the spinnaker from collapsing. 相似文献
20.
The presence of a fractured zone at a tunnel face can threaten the stability of the tunnel by causing water leakage and degradation of the soil strength. In this case, to stabilize the tunnel face, the pore water pressure is generally reduced and the loss of soil particles is prevented by installing drainpipes. The installation of drainpipes, however, can cause the concentration of flow channels and other ground instability problems. In this paper, a novel pin-holed pipe anchor is proposed to overcome the problems occurring in subsea tunnels. The pin-holed pipe anchor is a pipe-type support member designed to reinforce the ground while simultaneously enabling flow into the tunnel. Here, the design requirements of the pin-holed pipe anchor were examined through material tests, and the structural–hydraulic characteristics of the pin-holed pipe anchor were investigated through a model test. Furthermore, the applicability of the pin-holed pipe anchor to an actual tunnel was evaluated by numerical analysis of actual tunnels. Through selection of an appropriate perforated drainage area and bonded length, the pin-holed pipe anchor contributed to the improvement of the structural and hydraulic stabilities of the tunnel. 相似文献