共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
利用扫描电子显微镜对我国西沙群岛8种海参(棘辐肛参Actinopyga echinites、图纹白尼参 Bohadschia marmorata、黑海参 Holothuria atra、红腹海参 H.edulis、象牙参 H.fuscopunctata、黄乳海参 H.fuscogliva、格皮氏海参Pearsonothuria graeffei、糙刺参Stichopus horrens)背部皮层的骨片形态和种类进行观察和研究.结果表明,8种海参的骨片包括桌形体、假桌形体、花纹样体、穿孔板、杆状体、扣状体、假扣状体、C形体和X形体等9种类型.其中黑海参的杆状体以及格皮氏海参、黄乳海参、图纹白尼参和棘辐肛参的穿孔板为新发现的骨片形态,象牙参的骨片种类和形态为首次描述. 相似文献
2.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(1)
利用扫描电子显微镜观察中国西沙群岛的玉足海参(Holothuria leucospilota)、虎纹海参(Holothuria pervicax)、黑赤星海参(Holathuria cinerascens)、黄疣海参(Holathuria hilla)、格皮氏海参(Pearsonothuria graeffei)、糙刺参(Stichopus horrens)6种海参的背脊中部和腹部的骨片,获得了6种海参骨片的超显微结构图像。研究发现,6种海参的骨片分为桌形体、扣状体、穿孔板、杆状体、C形体、花纹样体、颗粒体7种类型。研究发现了新的海参骨片:玉足海参的穿孔板;虎纹海参的具横梁桌形体;黑赤星海参的II型桌形体;黄疣海参的II型扣状体;格皮氏海参的饼干形穿孔板和II型花纹样体;糙刺参中部具扇形突起的杆状体和I型花纹样体。本研究进一步丰富了我国海参骨片形态学研究的资料。 相似文献
3.
十五种海参骨片的形态学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对采自国内外的15种海参干品骨片进行形态学观察,比较了各海参骨片类型及各类骨片的相对比例,结果发现15种海参的骨片类型包括桌形体、扣形体、杆状体、穿孔板、C形体和花纹样体6种,不同海参骨片种类及相对比例和同型骨片特征均存在明显差异,据此可将15种海参完全分开.本研究获得的结果有助于准确而快速地识别这些具有重要经济价值的海参. 相似文献
4.
以大连海洋大学农业部北方海水增养殖重点实验室培育的已明确年龄(1龄、2龄、3龄)的仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)为实验材料,采用原位压片法对仿刺参棘、体壁、触手、管足、纵肌、呼吸树、肠7种组织标本进行骨片形态学观察和SPSS统计分析,获得了不同年龄、组织仿刺参中各类型骨片的相对比例。结果表明,原位压片法得到的骨片较Na Cl O法结构损坏较小,且能观察到骨片在组织中的分布。仿刺参各组织中存在桌形体、扣形体、杆状体、花纹状体、复合盘状骨片和长孔状体6种主要骨片类型。体壁中主要骨片类型为扣形体和桌形体;棘和触手中主要骨片类型为扣形体、桌形体和杆状体;管足中主要骨片类型为特有的复合盘状骨片、扣形体和桌形体;呼吸树和肠中主要骨片类型为花纹状体;纵肌不含任何类型骨片。不同组织间相同类型骨片的形态结构一致,无组织间特异性。通过对不同年龄仿刺参各组织的骨片比较分析发现,不同年龄仿刺参相同组织中骨片比例存在差异,例如,1龄、2龄、3龄仿刺参触手中桌形体骨片的相对比例分别为11.55%±2.69%、20.76%±2.34%、3.75%±0.72%,2龄仿刺参触手中桌形体骨片的相对比例显著高于1龄、3龄仿刺参触手中桌形体骨片比例(P0.05);1龄、2龄、3龄仿刺参棘中扣形体相对比例分别为92.55%±1.98%、65.45%±1.79%、88.36%±3.08%,2龄仿刺参棘中扣形体相对比例显著低于1龄和3龄仿刺参棘中扣形体骨片比例(P0.05)。本研究为仿刺参的基础生物学研究提供资料,为仿刺参的年龄鉴别提供参考。 相似文献
5.
中国科学院海洋研究所曾多次到我国西沙群岛进行海洋生物的采集工作；作者参加过一次考察，并对该岛的棘皮动物进行过专门的采集与观察。
富饶的西沙群岛，盛产海参，有的地方，可谓俯拾皆是。全世界约40种海参可供食用，而西沙群岛即产有20种。世界上一些名贵的种类，例如梅花参、黑乳海参、蛇目白尼参和辐肛参等，该岛均有出产。
本文报道了经济意义较大的海参纲动物的研究结果，共检查了标本425个，鉴定为41种，分隶于3目，5科，16属，内有一新种，有14种在我国系首次记录。 相似文献
6.
本研究应用形态学和分子生物学方法对福建海域的一种海参——海地瓜（Acaudina molpadioides）进行了观察和分析。描述了海地瓜的骨片、触手、石灰环、波里氏囊、呼吸树、性腺等重要特征。观察到的骨片类型有哑铃体、颗粒体、杆状体、C形体、穿孔板和环形体,数量上以哑铃体为主。与之前的报道相比,颗粒体和C形体是两种新观察到的骨片类型。获得了一段海地瓜的mtCOⅠ基因片段序列（长度为596 bp）,基于mtCOⅠ序列的系统发育树（NJ树、ML树和Bayes树）在一定程度上支持海地瓜属于海参纲芋参目尻参科物种的分类地位。将该序列与GenBank中已收录的4条海地瓜mtCOⅠ序列（登录号：MK050109、EU827691、FJ971405、KX874336）进行了遗传距离等分析,结果显示MK050109序列样本与本研究样本为相同物种,即海地瓜,然而其余3条mtCOⅠ序列的物种命名还需要进一步论证。 相似文献
7.
海参科(Holothuriidae)中4种海参的营养成分分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
糙参、乌皱辐肛参、荡皮海参蛋白质含量69.61%～72.32%,总氨基酸57.47%～68.99%;脂肪0.41%～1.12%,不饱和脂肪酸40.92%～54.74%;灰分8.48%～18.33%,常量元素Ca含量最高,Mg、K、Na次之,微量元素中Fe最高,Zn、Cu、Mn、Mo、Se次之,Cr较低,Co未检出;粗多糖在2.56%～7.23%,乌皱辐肛参的粗多糖含量较高。黑乳参中蛋白质含量最高达80.73%,总氨基酸68.99%;脂肪仅含0.1%,不饱和脂肪酸在26.53%;灰分含量9.25%,常量元素由高到低顺序K、Mg、Ca、Na,而P的含量较低,微量元素中Zn含量最高,Fe、Mo次之,Co痕量;粗多糖含量较低为2.28%。分析发现黑乳参与其它3种海参营养成分有明显差异,属于高蛋白、低脂肪食用海参。 相似文献
8.
高效毛细管电泳法测定海参多糖的单糖组成 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:采用高效毛细管电泳法测定3种不同海参多糖的单糖组成。方法:海参多糖水解后,经PMP衍生化,高效毛细管电泳分析。电泳条件:缓冲液为60 mmol.L-1硼砂溶液(pH=9.0);柱温25℃;运行电压25 kV;检测波长245 nm;压力进样50 mbar,进样时间5 s。结果:3种不同海参多糖中均含GalN、GlcN、GalNAC、Glc、Man、Fuc、Gal、GlcUA,梅花参多糖中各单糖的摩尔比为1.00∶1.02∶1.63∶1.19∶1.02∶10.26∶0.82∶0.38,四方刺参多糖中各单糖的摩尔比为1.00∶0.41∶0.43∶0.56∶0.29∶5.47∶0.43∶0.25,北极参多糖中各单糖的摩尔比为1.00∶0.26∶0.22∶0.25∶0.06∶1.36∶0.27∶0.16。结论:该方法具有简单、快速、分离效率高等特点,能同时测定海参多糖中氨基糖、中性糖、糖醛酸的组成。 相似文献
9.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(9)
利用高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱法(LC-Q-TOF)分析比较冰岛刺参(Cucumaria frondosa)和南非花刺参(Stichopus variegatus)脑苷脂的分子种组成。以氯仿-甲醇(2∶1,V/V)溶液提取,经皂化和SPE净化,在正离子模式下,通过自动二级(MS/MS)方式同时获取脑苷脂分子的一级和二级质谱图。筛取含180Da中性丢失碎片的分子,再结合二级质谱中的长链碱和脂肪酸碎片,确定每种脑苷脂分子的结构。研究表明:一次性从冰岛刺参中分析出56种脑苷脂分子,从南非花刺参中分析出109种脑苷脂分子;南非花刺参含长链碱种类较多,为15种,冰岛刺参含长链碱11种。冰岛刺参脑苷脂中鞘氨醇型长链碱占91.84%,南非花刺参脑苷脂中鞘氨醇型长链碱占85.97%;脂肪酸的组成均为17~25碳的饱和或单不饱和脂肪酸,且以24碳脂肪酸为主。冰岛刺参脑苷脂中2-羟基脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的33.50%,饱和脂肪酸∶单不饱和脂肪酸≈2∶3;南非花刺参脑苷脂中2-羟基脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的76.73%,饱和脂肪酸∶单不饱和脂肪酸≈2∶1。研究结果显示,在抑制肿瘤细胞增长、预防癌症方面南非花刺参脑苷脂较冰岛刺参脑苷脂可能具有更好的生物活性。本研究为不同海参脑苷脂的活性研究和营养评价提供了参考与借鉴。 相似文献
10.
《海洋科学集刊》1976,(11):173-184
刺参(Stichopus japonicus Selenka)属棘皮动物门，海参纲。海参纲中仅少数种可食用，其中,刺参是食用种中最佳的一种。我国河北、辽宁、山东、江苏等省沿海均有分布,但自然资源数量较少,产量较低,远不能满足人民生活的需要。因此,人们对刺参的人工育苗和养殖生产十分重视。
1953年以来,中国科学院海洋研究所和河北省海洋水产试验场曾成功地进行过刺参的人工育苗和养殖的研究工作。近年来,特別是无产阶级文化大革命运动后,在毛主席革命路线的指引下,群众性的科学实验活动蓬勃兴起,刺参的人工育苗和养殖试验取得了很大进展。
我们三结合试验小组就是在这大好形势下成立的,实验点设在长岛县砣矶公社后口大队,于1972年开始工作。四年来,试验逐步深入、扩大,基本上掌握了刺参人工育苗技术和幼参培养方法。人工孵化的幼参,经两周年在池内的试养,性已成熟,并于1975年诱导产卵成功,育出稚参;同时,在产卵后于10月中旬进行了加工干品试验,以摸索养殖生产的经济价值。 相似文献
11.
C. Barranguet 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1997,44(6):753-765
The production and biomass of microphytobenthos in a Mediterranean mussel farm was studied during 1991–92. Gross and net microphytobenthic production and respiration were calculated from oxygen fluxes in transparent and black bell jars at two stations; sediments under a mussel table and reference sediments, both located at 5 m depth. Net oxygen fluxes were mainly negative under the mussel tables (average −19·5 mg O2 m−2 h−1, CV=132%), and microphytobenthos production could not meet the sediment oxygen demand; in the reference sediments, microphytobenthos production was responsible for net oxygen production (average +13·0 mg O2 m−2 h−1, CV=118%). Benthic respiration rates were, on average, 47·3 mg O2 m−2 h−1(CV=82%) under the tables and 27·7 mg O2 m−2 h−1(CV=45%) in reference sediments. Aerobic respiration could remineralize less than 2% of the biodeposited carbon under the tables, implying that a large amount of organic material is accumulating under the tables, and that most of the degradation will be anaerobic. Gross microbenthic production showed sharp changes between 1991 and 1992 under the mussel tables and for reference sediments (averages 20·98 mg O2 m−2 h−1, CV=135% and 33 mg O2 m−2 h−1, CV=48%, respectively). Despite the negative oxygen balance in the sediments under the tables, microphytobenthos was more productive than phytoplankton in bottom waters. Per unit area, phytoplankton was more productive than microphytobenthos at both stations, especially in the area of the mussel tables, where phytoplanktonic production was enhanced by the excretion products of mussels. Microphytobenthos was composed mainly of diatoms in the sediments under the tables, while in reference sediments, the population was more diverse, with algae containing chlorophyllbalso present. Chlorophyllaconcentration in sediments under the tables was 207 mg m−2(CV=73%) and 95 mg m−2(CV=28%) in reference sediments; the stock of plant pigments was increased under the tables by biodeposition. Microphytobenthos constitutes a compartment with an important contribution in biomass, but also in oxygen production. 相似文献
12.
在海洋平台摇摆墙体系基础上,提出在海洋平台和摇摆墙之间刚性连接杆的铰接点处安装粘弹性转角阻尼器的减振措施,对海洋平台进行进一步减振控制。对粘弹性转角位移阻尼器的刚度和阻尼参数进行了优化分析,可知阻尼器的阻尼与刚度在结构减振中起到了十分重要的作用,且存在特定范围内的优化值。以JZ20-2北高点井口平台为例,利用ANSYS进行地震荷载作用和实测挤压冰荷载下的仿真分析,研究了粘弹性转角阻尼器在海洋平台和摇摆墙之间刚性连接杆铰接点处的不同安装方式,对比分析减振效果。结果表明,在该体系刚性连接杆的铰接点处安装粘弹性转角阻尼器能显著降低结构的振动反应,连接杆右侧安装粘弹性转角阻尼器的方式为减振效果最佳方式。 相似文献
13.
Ultramicroscopic particles of biogenic appearance found in recent phosphorite nodules in diatomaceous oozes from the Namibian shelf are described. The particles are mostly represented by three varieties, namely, colloform, rounded, and elongated bacillary particles, which are disseminated over the rock or, more often, form aggregations of various shapes. The aggregations consist of particles of similar types though different in sizes (from fractions of a micrometer to a few micrometers). Mutual intergrowths are also encountered, as well as twins, rosettes, and ball-shaped aggregations of elongated particles resembling vugs of other crystals. These morphological features together with the results of microbiological studies of diatomaceous oozes, in which phosphorite nodules are formed, suggest a nonmicrobial origin of most of the biomorphic particles. 相似文献
14.
P. THIBAUT L. AMAROUCHE O. Z. ZANIFE N. STEUNOU P. VINCENT P. RAIZONVILLE 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3-4):409-431
Poseidon-2 is the dual frequency radar altimeter embarked on the CNES/NASA oceanographic satellite Jason-1 that was launched on 7 December 2001. The primary objective of the Jason-1 mission is to continue the high accuracy time series of altimeter measurements that began with TOPEX in 1992. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to improve each component of the ground processing continually. Among these components are the look-up correction tables that are used to correct the estimations (range, significant waveheight, and sigma naught) issued from the retracking algorithms (on-board and ground). Look-up tables were first computed taking into account the prelaunch characteristics of the altimeter. They have to be updated to take into account better all the in-flight characteristics of the altimeter and all the updated ground algorithms that can impact the estimation process. The aim of this article is to describe the radar altimeter simulator of performances that has been used to compute look-up tables, to display the freshly computed look-up tables, and to discuss the consequences of these new corrections on the products provided to the users. The updated look-up correction tables allow improvement of SWH estimation, in particular with respect to TOPEX SWH data. It is also shown that no range dependency on SWH has to be looked for in these tables, and that the on-board TOPEX and Poseidon-2 tracking systems may contain the differences explaining the relative sea state bias between both altimeters. 相似文献
15.
Jason-1 Altimeter Ground Processing Look-Up Correction Tables 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
P. Thibaut L. Amarouche O. Z. Zanife N. Steunou P. Vincent P. Raizonville 《Marine Geodesy》2004,27(3):409-431
Poseidon-2 is the dual frequency radar altimeter embarked on the CNES/NASA oceanographic satellite Jason-1 that was launched on 7 December 2001. The primary objective of the Jason-1 mission is to continue the high accuracy time series of altimeter measurements that began with TOPEX in 1992. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to improve each component of the ground processing continually. Among these components are the look-up correction tables that are used to correct the estimations (range, significant waveheight, and sigma naught) issued from the retracking algorithms (on-board and ground). Look-up tables were first computed taking into account the prelaunch characteristics of the altimeter. They have to be updated to take into account better all the in-flight characteristics of the altimeter and all the updated ground algorithms that can impact the estimation process. The aim of this article is to describe the radar altimeter simulator of performances that has been used to compute look-up tables, to display the freshly computed look-up tables, and to discuss the consequences of these new corrections on the products provided to the users. The updated look-up correction tables allow improvement of SWH estimation, in particular with respect to TOPEX SWH data. It is also shown that no range dependency on SWH has to be looked for in these tables, and that the on-board TOPEX and Poseidon-2 tracking systems may contain the differences explaining the relative sea state bias between both altimeters. 相似文献
16.
Laminar flow past a circular cylinder with 3 small control rods is investigated by numerical simulation. This study is concerned with the suppression efficacy of vortex induced vibration by small control rods located around a main cylinder. The effects of the attack angle and rod-to-cylinder gap ratio on the hydrodynamics and vibration responses of the main cylinder are investigated. The attack angle of α = 45° is performed as the critical angle for VIV suppression of 3 control rods. The 3 control rods have no effect on VIV suppression when the attack angle is less than the critical angle. The 3 control rods have an excellent VIV suppression efficacy when the attack angle is larger than the critical angle. The transverse vibration frequency of the cylinder with 3 control rods is less than that for an isolated cylinder for all the configurations. The numerical results for the configurations of α = 45° & 60°, G/D = 0.6–1.2 show excellent suppression efficient among the cases investigated in this study. The best suppression efficient is found at α = 45°, G/D = 0.9 for 3 control rods. 2 rods in behind of the main cylinder perform more efficient than that of 1 rod in front for VIV suppression as the gap ratio of G/D less than 1.0. 相似文献
17.
南沙海槽表层沉积自生石膏-黄铁矿组合的成因及其对天然气渗漏的指示意义 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
南海海槽是潜在的天然气水合物发育区，在表层沉积物中分布有石膏-黄铁矿组合。通过对石膏、黄铁矿的形貌特征、矿物组成、化学元素、硫同位素等的分析，讨论和揭示了石膏-黄铁矿组合的成岩环境、形成机理及其与天然气渗漏的关系。石膏集合体为土块状和多孔状、玫瑰状，表面分布有孔洞或微孔，黄铁矿为莓球状、球粒结块状和虫管状。不同形状的石膏、黄铁矿的化学成分没有明显差别。石膏-黄铁矿的形成机理是海底渗漏的天然气与硫酸盐发生缺氧甲烷氧化反应，产物HS^-与沉积物中的Fe^2＋反应产生FeS并转变为黄铁矿，在形成FeS的过程中产生的H^＋促进碳酸盐溶解，Ca^2＋与SO4^2-达到过饱和沉淀出重。^34S的石膏。因此，石膏-黄铁矿组合是海底存在天然气渗漏的证据，这一发现对开展南沙海槽潜在天然气水舍物的调查以及对天然气渗漏事件的研究具有一定的科学意义。 相似文献
18.
Control rod is one of the common passive control methods to suppress the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of cylindrical structures. In this paper, the experimental study is conducted to detailed understand the performance of multiple control rods in suppressing the cross-flow (CF) VIV for a long flexible cylinder. The influence of the spatial arrangement of 3 and 4 control rods on CF VIV response of the main cylinder is investigated in a towing tank. It is observed that the attack angle θ is a very significant parameter to affect the vibration response, dominant frequency and the VIV suppression efficiency of the main cylinder. Based on the suppression efficiencies analysis of VIV response in the present experimental investigation, the spatial arrangement of 3 control rods with θ = 40° and 4 control rods with θ = 30° is the best choice for suppressing the CF VIV response of the main flexible cylinder. Overall, the use of 4 control rods could reduce VIV more effectively than the application of 3 control rods. 相似文献
19.
Control of Vortex Shedding at Moderate Reynolds Numbers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The suppression method of vortex shedding from a circular cylinder has been studied experimentally in the Reynolds number range from 300 to 1600. The test is performed in a water channel. The model cylinder is 1 cm in diameter and 38 cm in length. A row of small rods of 0.18 cm in diameter and 1 .5 cm in length are perpendicularly connected to the surface of the model cylinder and distributed along the meridian. The distance between the neighboring rods and the angle of attack of the rods can be changed so that the suppression effect on vortex shedding can be adjusted. The results show that vortex shedding can be suppressed effectively if the distance betvveen the neighboring rods is smaller than 3 times and the cylinder diameter and the angle of attack is in the range of 30°≤β < 90° 相似文献
20.
Cold seeps on the Hikurangi Margin off New Zealand exhibit various seabed morphologies producing different intensity patterns in sidescan backscatter images. Acoustic backscatter characteristics of 25 investigated seep sites fall into four distinct types characterised by variations in backscatter intensity, distribution and inferred structural heights. The types reflect different carbonate morphologies including up to 20-m-high structures (type 1), low-relief crusts (type 2), scattered blocks (type 3) and carbonate-free sites (type 4). Each seep corresponds to a single type; intermediates were not observed. This correlates well with published data on seep fauna at each site, with the four types representing three different faunal habitats of successive stages of seep development. Backscatter signatures in sidescan sonar images of cold seeps may therefore serve as a convenient proxy for variations in faunal habitats. 相似文献