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1.
星载SAR对雨团催生海面风场的观测研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
雨团或对流雨是热带与亚热带地区的主要降雨形式,较易被高分辨率星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)探测到。SAR图像上的雨团足印是由大气中雨滴的散射与吸收、下沉气流等共同导致形成的。本文以RADARSAT-2卫星100 m分辨率的SAR图像上雨团引起的海面风场及其结构反演与解译作为实例进行分析。使用CMOD4地球物理模式函数,分别以NCEP再分析数据、欧洲MetOp-A卫星先进散射计(ASCAT)和中国HY-2卫星微波散射计的风向为外部风向,进行了SAR图像的海面风场反演。反演的海面风速相对于NCEP、ASCAT和HY-2的均方根误差(RMSE)分别为1.48 m/s,1.64 m/s和2.14 m/s。SAR图像上一侧明亮另一侧昏暗的圆形信号图斑被解译为雨团携带的下沉气流对海面风场(海面粗糙度)的改变所致。平行于海面背景风场其通过雨团圆形足印中心的剖面上的风速变化可拟合为正弦或余弦曲线,其拟合线性相关系数均不低于0.80。背景风场的风速大小、雨团引起的风速大小以及雨团足印的直径可利用拟合曲线获得,雨团足印的直径大小一般为数千米或数十千米,本文的8例个例解译与分析均验证了该结论。  相似文献   

2.
本文选取142幅RADARSAT-2全极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像,在没有入射角输入的情况下,首先利用C-2PO模型进行海面风速反演。随后,将同一时空下的ASCAT散射计风向作为初始风向,提取相应雷达入射角,利用地球物理模式函数(GMF) CMOD5.N对142幅SAR影像进行风速计算。反演结果与美国国家资料浮标中心海洋浮标风速数据对比,结果显示:CMOD5.N GMF和C-2PO模型均可反演出较高精确度的海面风速,其均方根误差分别为1.68 m/s和1.74 m/s。此外,研究发现,在低风速段,CMOD5.N GMF的风速反演精度要明显优于C-2PO模型。针对这一现象,本文以SAR系统成像机理为基础,以低风速SAR图像为具体案例,给出了3种造成这一现象的原因。  相似文献   

3.
海洋微波散射模型相比于以经验统计建立的地球物理模式函数具有不受特定微波频率限制的优势。组合布拉格散射模型和几何光学模型形成了复合雷达后向散射模型。利用南海北部气象浮标2014年海面风速风向实测值作为散射模型输入,分别比较了复合雷达后向散射模型与RADARSAT-2卫星C波段SAR、HY-2A卫星Ku波段微波散射计的海面后向散射系数,偏差分别为(?0.22±1.88) dB (SAR)、(0.33±2.71) dB (散射计VV极化)和(?1.35±2.88) dB (散射计HH极化);以美国浮标数据中心(NDBC)浮标2011年10月1日至2014年9月30日共3年的海面风速、风向实测值作为散射模型输入,分别比较了复合雷达后向散射模型与Jason-2、HY-2A卫星Ku波段高度计海面后向散射系数,偏差分别为(1.01±1.15) dB和(1.12±1.29) dB。中等入射角和垂直入射下的卫星传感器后向散射系数观测值与复合雷达后向散射模型模拟值比较,具有不同的偏差,但具有相同的海面风速检验精度,均方根误差小于1.71 m/s。结果表明,复合雷达后向散射模型可模拟计算星载SAR、散射计和高度计观测条件下的海面雷达后向散射系数,且与CMOD5、NSCAT-2、高度计业务化海面风速反演的地球物理模式函数的计算结果具有一致性;复合雷达后向散射模型可用于微波遥感器的定标与检验、海面雷达后向散射的模拟。  相似文献   

4.
基于南海北部海面PY30-1石油平台气象站测风仪2011年7月19日—2012年9月17日实测的风场数据,分别开展了对卫星搭载的ASCAT和HY-2散射计所测风场数据的比较研究,分析散射计的测风能力(选取的时空窗口为30 min和25 km)。结果表明:在南海北部海域,ASCAT 散射计所测风速和PY30-1石油平台气象站观测风速的均方根误差为2.53 m/s,风向偏差较大,均方根误差为47.87°;HY-2散射计所测风速和PY30-1石油平台气象站观测风速的均方根误差为3.41 m/s,风向的均方根误差为58.66°。分别按低、中和高风速的不同条件将ASCAT和HY-2散射计所测的风场数据与PY30-1石油平台气象站观测的风场数据加以比较可知,ASCAT和HY-2散射计都具有较好的测风能力, 前者所测风速与PY30-1石油平台气象站测风仪观测风速的均方根误差稍小于后者。在150 min和15 km的时空窗口下,ASCAT与HY-2散射计所测风速的均方根误差为0.72 m/s,风向的均方根误差为8.50°。  相似文献   

5.
合成孔径雷达反演黄海海面风场   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于后向散射系数反演高空间分辨率海面风场,采用谱方法确定风向,并利用CMOD4模式函数反演风速。以ERS-2 SAR黄海区域图像为例,反演海面风场,并将反演结果同QuikSCAT散射计对比,比较吻合,证明该方法在黄海区域的可行性。  相似文献   

6.
选取成像于中国东海和南海海域的102景RADARSAT-2(RS-2)精细四极化SAR原始影像以及ERA-Interim风场,在各极化通道下利用相应风速反演模型开展风速反演的研究。CMOD5地球物理模式函数对VV极化SAR数据反演风速效果最好,可以获取海面高精度风速数据。对于HH和交叉极化SAR影像,利用RS-2 SAR影像和ERA-Interim资料对现有风速反演模型进行改进,并提出了用于HH极化风速反演的PR_CS极化比模型和用于交叉极化风速反演的CP_CS模型。结果显示:基于两种模型的SAR反演风速与ERA-Interim风速具有良好的一致性,利用PR_CS模型的SAR反演风速与参考风速的均方根误差为1.54 m/s,利用CP_CS模型的SAR反演风速与ERA-Interim风速的均方根误差分别为1.43 m/s(VH极化)和1.51 m/s(HV极化)。  相似文献   

7.
利用NCEP风场产品和dropsonde探测资料,对中国近海ASCAT全场和单点的风速反演精度进行验证分析.研究发现ASCAT反演风场与NCEP风场的风速、风向平均绝对偏差分别为2.06 m/s和21.98°;均方根误差分别为2.87 m/s和34.29°.两者风速反演精度较一致,风向误差相对偏大.ASCAT反演风场与dropsonde探测资料的风速、风向平均绝对偏差分别为1.55 m/s和3.43°;均方根误差分别为1.73 m/s和4.15°.ASCAT资料可以较好的反演台风风场.  相似文献   

8.
地球物理模型函数是一种常被用于同极化合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)的风场反演方法。在使用该方法提取SAR数据的风速时,需要将风向作为输入信息,这导致反演风速的精度受风向精度的影响,且使SAR风场反演无法独立完成。为了解决这些问题,通过数值模拟获取仿真的组网SAR卫星数据,3颗SAR同时以不同的入射角观测同一海面。针对仿真的组网SAR卫星数据,发展了一种风场优化反演方法,可以在不输入风向的前提下反演风速,提供参考风向还可以进一步提高风场反演的精度。  相似文献   

9.
为了解各向异性随机粗糙海面的微波双站散射机制及其特性,本文利用解析近似的积分方程模型以及一种改进的半经验海浪谱模型实现了对各向异性随机粗糙海面的全极化微波散射仿真模拟,并与卫星观测数据、经验的地球物理模式函数及已有的解析近似散射模型仿真结果进行了对比,验证了仿真结果的可行性和准确性。利用该模型分析了入射波频率、入射角、极化方式、海面风速及风向等参数对各向异性海面双站散射的影响。模拟结果表明,在不同的入射角、散射角及方位角等观测几何条件下,海面不同波段的双站散射表现出不同的空间散射特性,且对风速、风向等海面动力学参数表现出不同的敏感性,以L波段为例,海面向后半球双站散射在各个极化方式下都对风速较为敏感,而在同极化方式下,其对风向的响应在中低风速和高风速条件下相反,整体而言,低风速下海面双站散射对风向更为敏感。这表明对于海面动力参数的反演,双站散射可以提供比传统单站雷达后向散射更丰富的物理信息。本文探讨了各向异性海面微波双站散射特性,为基于主动式及分布式微波传感器的海洋动力参数遥感反演提供了理论分析基础。  相似文献   

10.
程玉鑫  艾未华  孔毅  赵现斌 《海洋科学》2015,39(12):157-164
在合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)海面风场反演中,基于风条纹影像纹理特征的海面风向反演方法精度高,但是依赖于图像风条纹的存在,而外部风向信息与SAR资料时空分辨率不易匹配、精度较低,从而影响大面积、高分辨率海面风场反演的精度。针对此问题,提出一种将SAR图像风条纹线性纹理特征与外部风向信息相结合的星载SAR海面风向获取方法,在SAR影像线性纹理特征明显的区域采用二维连续小波变换得到高精度的海面风向,其余区域采用与之时空相匹配的数值预报模式风向填充;并利用地球物理模型函数进一步得到海面风速,进而实现高精度、大范围海面风场的反演。为验证本文方法的有效性,利用ENVISAT/ASAR数据进行风场反演试验,并将反演结果与浮标实测数据进行比对。结果表明:在线性纹理特征明显的区域,小波方法的反演精度优于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)法和数值预报模式风向;外部风向精度略低,但与SAR观测资料时空匹配性较好,弥补了风条纹风向的不足。二者的结合为星载SAR海面风场反演的业务化应用提供了支持。  相似文献   

11.
Conventional retrieval and neural network methods are used simultaneously to retrieve sea surface wind speed(SSWS) from HH-polarized Sentinel-1(S1) SAR images. The Polarization Ratio(PR) models combined with the CMOD5.N Geophysical Model Function(GMF) is used for SSWS retrieval from the HH-polarized SAR data. We compared different PR models developed based on previous C-band SAR data in HH-polarization for their applications to the S1 SAR data. The recently proposed CMODH, i.e., retrieving SSWS directly from the HHpolarized S1 data is also validated. The results indicate that the CMODH model performs better than results achieved using the PR models. We proposed a neural network method based on the backward propagation(BP)neural network to retrieve SSWS from the S1 HH-polarized data. The SSWS retrieved using the BP neural network model agrees better with the buoy measurements and ASCAT dataset than the results achieved using the conventional methods. Compared to the buoy measurements, the bias, root mean square error(RMSE) and scatter index(SI) of wind speed retrieved by the BP neural network model are 0.10 m/s, 1.38 m/s and 19.85%,respectively, while compared to the ASCAT dataset the three parameters of training set are –0.01 m/s, 1.33 m/s and 15.10%, respectively. It is suggested that the BP neural network model has a potential application in retrieving SSWS from Sentinel-1 images acquired at HH-polarization.  相似文献   

12.
The purpose is to study the accuracy of ocean wave parameters retrieved from C-band VV-polarization Sentinel-1Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) images, including both significant wave height(SWH) and mean wave period(MWP), which are both calculated from a SAR-derived wave spectrum. The wind direction from in situ buoys is used and then the wind speed is retrieved by using a new C-band geophysical model function(GMF) model,denoted as C-SARMOD. Continuously, an algorithm parameterized first-guess spectra method(PFSM) is employed to retrieve the SWH and the MWP by using the SAR-derived wind speed. Forty–five VV-polarization Sentinel-1 SAR images are collected, which cover the in situ buoys around US coastal waters. A total of 52 subscenes are selected from those images. The retrieval results are compared with the measurements from in situ buoys. The comparison performs good for a wind retrieval, showing a 1.6 m/s standard deviation(STD) of the wind speed, while a 0.54 m STD of the SWH and a 2.14 s STD of the MWP are exhibited with an acceptable error.Additional 50 images taken in China's seas were also implemented by using the algorithm PFSM, showing a 0.67 m STD of the SWH and a 2.21 s STD of the MWP compared with European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) reanalysis grids wave data. The results indicate that the algorithm PFSM works for the wave retrieval from VV-polarization Sentinel-1 SAR image through SAR-derived wind speed by using the new GMF C-SARMOD.  相似文献   

13.
海浪对ASCAT散射计反演风场的影响研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
To improve retrieval accuracy, this paper studies wave effects on retrieved wind field from a scatterometer. First, the advanced scatterometer(ASCAT) data and buoy data of the National Data Buoy Center(NDBC) are collocated. Buoy wind speed is converted into neutral wind at 10 m height. Then, ASCAT data are compared with the buoy data for the wind speed and direction. Subsequently, the errors between the ASCAT and the buoy wind as a function of each wave parameter are used to analyze the wave effects. Wave parameters include dominant wave period(dpd), significant wave height(swh), average wave period(apd) and the angle between the dominant wave direction(dwd) and the wind direction. Collocated data are divided into sub-datasets according to the different intervals of each wave parameter. A root mean square error(RMSE) for the wind speed and a mean absolute error(MAE) for the wind direction are calculated from the sub-datasets, which are considered as the function of wave parameters. Finally, optimal wave conditions on wind retrieved from the ASCAT are determined based on the error analyses. The results show the ocean wave parameters have correlative relationships with the RMSE of the retrieved wind speed and the MAE of the retrieved wind direction. The optimal wave conditions are presented in terms of dpd, swh, apd and angle.  相似文献   

14.
The geophysical model function (GMF) describes the relationship between a backscattering and a sea surface wind, and enables a wind vector retrieval from backscattering measurements. It is clear that t...  相似文献   

15.
利用散射计测量海面后向散射系数, 并通过地球物理模型函数(geophysical model function, GMF)反演得到海面风场。目前散射计风场反演所采用的GMF一般只考虑雷达极化方式、雷达入射角、风速和相对风向对海面后向散射系数的影响, 而相关研究表明海表温度(sea surface temperature, SST)对Ku波段散射计风场反演具有不可忽略的影响。文章利用海洋二号A卫星散射计(Haiyang-2A Scatterometer, HY2A-SCAT)后向散射系数观测值、欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF )再分析风矢量和SST数据, 采用人工神经网络方法, 建立起一种SST相关的GMF (TNGMF)。对TNGMF进行分析后发现, 海面后向散射系数随着SST的增加而增加, 并且其增加幅度与雷达极化方式、风速有关。为了对比, 文章使用相同数据集和相同方法建立了不包含SST的GMF (NGMF), 将美国国家航天航空局散射计-2 (National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scatterometer-2, NSCAT2) GMF、TNGMF和NGMF分别用于HY2A-SCAT风场反演实验。试验结果表明, 采用NSCAT2 GMF、NGMF反演得到的风速在低温时系统性偏小, 在高温时系统性偏大; 而TNGMF可较好地纠正SST对风速偏差均值的影响, 从而提高反演风场质量。  相似文献   

16.
The principal purpose of this paper is to extract entire sea surface wind's information from spaceborne lidar, and particularly to utilize a appropriate algorithm for removing the interference information due to white caps and subsurface water. Wind speeds are obtained through empirical relationship with sea surface mean square slopes. Wind directions are derived from relationship between wind speeds and wind directions im plied in CMOD5n geophysical models function (GMF). Whitecaps backscattering signals were distinguished with the help of lidar depolarization ratio measurements and rectified by whitecaps coverage equation. Subsurface water backscattering signals were corrected by means of inverse distance weighted (IDW) from neighborhood non-singular data with optimal subsurface water backscattering calibration parameters. To verify the algorithm reliably, it selected NDBC's TAO buoy-laying area as survey region in camparison with buoys' wind field data and METOP satellite ASCAT of 25 km single orbit wind field data after temporal-spa tial matching. Validation results showed that the retrieval algorithm works well in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) less than 2m/s and wind direction's RMSE less than 21 degree.  相似文献   

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