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1.
贝藻混养生态系统模拟实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2013年4~6月,在室内采用实验生态学的方法进行了海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradias)和孔石莼(Ulva pertusavar)4种配比模式的混养实验。各实验组扇贝密度均为48只/m3,孔石莼密度分别为55、121、255和338g/m3。每周采样测定水体中营养盐(NH4-N、NO3-N、NO2-N、PO4-P)的含量及养殖生物的生长情况。扇贝与孔石莼的混养实验结果表明,在养殖系统中引入孔石莼可以改善养殖环境,扇贝和孔石莼的适宜混合比例为1︰1(贝肉湿质量:藻类湿质量)能取得较好的生态效应。 相似文献
2.
通过2007年1—12月连续12个航次对深澳湾内网箱养殖区、太平洋牡蛎养殖区以及龙须菜-太平洋牡蛎混养区域等不同养殖水体每月一次的监测结果,分析了该养殖海区NH4-N、PO4-P等主要水化因子的时空分布规律,并利用营养状态质量指数对深澳湾水体进行了水质量评价。结果表明,深澳湾水域NH4-N、PO4-P的空间变化情况与地理位置和养殖活动有着很大的关系。湾外的S1站由于具有良好的水体交换条件,因此调查期间S1站的NH4-N、PO4-P在整个海区均为最低值;网箱养殖区的S5站受人为活动的影响较大,故该水域的NH4-N、PO4-P在整个海区内最高;S3站的低NH4-N、低PO4-P与其所养殖的龙须菜对营养盐的吸收有关,而同样是龙须菜养殖区的S2站,由于其所处位置水体较浅且正好位于两股海流的汇集处,水动力条件较好,因此S2站的NH4-N的含量较S3高一些。NH4-N、PO4-P的时间变化主要与养殖活动的季节性有关,如在龙须菜生长旺盛的春夏季节,水体中的NH4-N、PO4-P就处于一个较低的水平;而在9—11月,整个海区内的养殖以太平洋牡蛎与石斑鱼为主,因此这一季节的高氨高磷主要与养殖过程中的投饵有关。DIN组成中以NO3-N为主,占到了DIN总量的73.5%,其次是NH4-N,为21.0%。在整个调查期间,深澳湾整体水质良好,5个站点均达到了国家海水水质二类标准,12个月份中有9个月份的DIN和PO4-P达到了国家二类水质要求。营养状态质量指数分析结果显示,深澳湾养殖区各个监测站位的海水营养状态综合指数均处于2—3之间,属于P限制型中度营养。 相似文献
3.
南海北部沉积物间隙水中营养盐研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过2004年9月对南海北部6个站位的采样分析,探讨了间隙水的营养盐含量及其空间分布特征,估算了沉积物-海水界面营养盐的扩散通量。结果表明,NH4-N含量为8.9—142.3μmol.L-1,是南海北部间隙水中营养盐的主要组分,占溶解态无机氮的比例范围为49.1%—75.2%。在平面分布上,NH4-N含量表现为近海高于远海,PO4-P则差别不大。NH4-N、NO3-N、NO2-N和PO4-P在沉积物-海水界面的平均通量分别为7.08、-0.61、-0.51、0.14μmol.(m2.d)-1。NH4-N、PO4-P主要是从沉积物向上覆水扩散,是底层水体营养盐的来源之一。 相似文献
4.
无机氮浓度及其配比对细基江蓠繁枝变型生长及生化组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在实验室条件下分别研究了NO3--N和NH4 -N浓度及其配比对细基江蓠繁枝变型(Gracilariatenuistipitatavar.liuiZhangetXia)生长及生化组成的影响。结果表明,过低的NO3--N浓度(0,10μmol/L)或过高的NO3--N浓度(60,80μmol/L)、过低的NH4 -N浓度(0,2.5μmol/L)或过高的NH4 -N浓度(10,20,40μmol/L)、过低的NH4 -N/NO3--N比值(1/35,1/7)或过高的NH4 -N/NO3--N比值(3/7,4/7)条件下,江蓠均表现为生长速率明显减慢(P<0.05)、藻体内藻红素(PE)、叶绿素a、蛋白质含量显著降低(P<0.05);而分别在NO3--N20μmol/L、NH4 -N5μmol/L、NH4 -N/NO3--N2/7(TIN20mol/L)的条件下,江蓠可获得最快生长速率和最高的PE、叶绿素a、蛋白质含量以及最低的碳水化合物/蛋白质比值。 相似文献
5.
近4年来象山港赤潮监控区营养盐变化及其结构特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
根据2002—2005年4—9月份象山港赤潮监控区表层海水营养盐(Si,N和P)监测基础资料,分析、探讨了监控区水域的营养盐变化及其结构特征。分析结果表明:4年来,监控区水质富营养化严重,DIN的污染程度明显高于PO4-P;Si,N和P营养盐含量的空间波动程度存在明显的年际差异;SiO3-Si,PO4-P和NO3-N含量的月变化特征主要受港湾内藻类等浮游植物的生命活动和陆源径流的共同影响;NH4-N含量的月变化特征受鱼类新陈代谢强弱的影响。4年来NH4-N的含量略有升高,NO3-N和SiO3-Si的含量均有所降低,而NO2-N和PO4-P的含量则保持稳定;SiO3-Si/PO4-P比值略有所减小,NO2-N/DIN,NH4-N/DIN,NO3-N/DIN,DIN/PO4-P和SiO3-Si/DIN的比值均保持稳定。4年来整个监控区DIN一直处于热力学平衡状态,NO3-N量占DIN的83.77%～97.23%,是该海域DIN的主要存在形式,PO4-P一直是该海域初级生产力的主要潜在限制性因子。SiO3-Si/DIN<1,与DIN相比,SiO3-Si略显不足。 相似文献
6.
辽河口水域溶解氧与营养盐调查与分类 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据2003年9月辽河口水域营养盐和溶解氧的调查结果，讨论了辽河口水体中的溶解性无机氮(NO3-N、NO2-N、NH3-N)、活性磷酸盐(PO4-P)和溶解氧(DO)的含量、分布与变化特征以及相关关系。结果表明：辽河口溶解态无机氮含量范围为3．26～59．67μmol／L，活性磷酸盐含量范围为0．05～0．95μmol／L，溶解氧范围为0．086～0．208mmol／L。溶解氧、营养盐关系的统计分析结果表明：DIN与AOU(表观耗氧量)，PO4-P与AOU之间显著或高度显著相关，营养盐之间也存在相关性，并对调查区域水质进行评价分类。 相似文献
7.
2009年4月对黄河口湿地4个站点沉积物间隙水中各营养盐成分含量及其随深度的变化进行了研究。结果表明:沉积物间隙水中PO4-P含量变化不大,变化范围是0.18~2.18μmol/L,呈现先降低后升高的趋势。NH4-N、NO3-N、NO2-N含量分别为4.51~348.1μmol/L、1.71~2002μmol/L、0.16~130.0μmol/L,其垂直分布为上高下低,这和土壤氮分布、所处氧化还原环境、植被类型等有密切关系;且无机N以高硝酸盐含量为主,这与黄河水的输入有很大关系。SiO3-Si的含量变化范围是59.7~256.1μmol/L,其垂直分布变化复杂。 相似文献
8.
2008年春季对莱州湾小清河口的走航调查发现,调查区域大部分水体的DOC,CODMn,NH4+-N,PO43--P高于4类海水的限定值,处于严重污染状态。水体CHla的浓度范围在1.02~37.92μg/L之间,但DO饱和度却在23%~96%之间,盐度小于15水体的DO饱和度低于50%,水体缺氧严重。河口存在NO2--N含量偏高现象。由河口向外,NO2--N浓度逐渐增加,至盐度24.4的水体达到0.27 mg/L的高值,NO2--N增加主要是NH4+-N的硝化反应产生的。NH4+-N生成NO2--N主要受DO和NH4+-N比例与浓度的影响,DO饱和度在30%~70%,NH4+-N大于3.33 mg/L的水体中NO2--N生成速率最快。 相似文献
9.
长江口营养盐结构特征及其对浮游植物的限制 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据2013年5月、11月两个航次的调查资料,分析了长江口营养盐浓度及其结构的分布变化,并探讨了营养盐对浮游植物的限制情况。长江口营养盐分布存在季节差异:口门外NO3-N、NO2-N浓度均为春季高秋季低,PO34-P、3SiO2-Si、NH4-N浓度则秋季高春季低,口门内除NO2-N外,NO3-N、PO34-P、SiO23-Si、NH4-N浓度均为秋季高于春季。NO3-N、PO34-P、SiO23-Si浓度从近岸向外海逐渐降低,NO2-N、NH4-N浓度分布规律不明显。NO3-N是DIN的主要存在形态,其占DIN的比例为春季95%、秋季83%。春季、秋季DIN/P均高于16,表现出长江口过量的DIN输入,春季Si/DIN基本小于1,秋季Si/DIN大于1。春季由于硅藻的局部生长使DIN/P异常升高、Si/DIN异常降低,秋季西北部海区受苏北沿岸流影响,呈低DIN/P值和高Si/DIN值分布。受含过量DIN、SiO23-Si的长江冲淡水的影响,春、秋季均表现为PO34-P潜在相对限制。春季由于浮游植物的大量吸收,局部出现PO34-P、SiO23-Si的绝对限制。当同时考虑绝对限制和潜在相对限制时,春季15.38%的站位受PO34-P限制,限制情况较上世纪90年代更为突出。 相似文献
10.
为了更好地了解长江流域城市化进程和三峡工程对长江口生态系统的影响及其响应,为长期观测提供参考,采用分光光度法对2003年5月19—26日采自长江口的水样中的溶解态无机氮、磷、硅进行了分析。结果表明,该海域营养盐的空间分布呈现出较好的规律性:SiO3-Si的浓度总体上沿长江径流入海方向递减,其在淡水端的浓度>100μmol/L,在离岸最远的海水端附近的浓度约为10μmol/L;NO3-N、NO2-N、NH4-N和PO4-P沿长江径流入海方向的浓度分布则呈现出先增加后降低的特征,最高值出现在咸淡水交界面附近,分别为130.0、3.14、31.43和2.06μmol/L。南北方向上各种形态营养盐的浓度总体上呈现出北部海域表、底层之间差异大于南部海域的分布特征。连续观测数据显示,NO3-N、NO2-N、PO4-P和SiO3-Si的浓度均可能在4h的时间里发生较大幅度的波动。在混合水区,由于水深较浅,水体混合较容易,垂直方向上各元素的浓度平均值差异不大;在水深较深的海水区,随着水深的增加,NO3-N和NO2-N的浓度平均值总体上呈下降趋势,PO4-P则相反,SiO3-Si变化不大。采用营养状态质量法和潜在性富营养化标准对调查海域的营养状况进行了分析,结果均显示,调查海域在长江径流入海方向上由淡水区的高营养水平逐渐过渡到海水区的贫营养水平。由于长江口水体中各营养元素浓度时空变化显著,准确计算其入海通量难度很大,需要足够多的高时空分辨率的数据。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献