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1.
辽东湾表层沉积物的重金属污染特征与质量评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文研究了辽东湾表层沉积物中重金属的分布及污染特征，评价其生态风险及环境质量。对辽东湾表层沉积物8种重金属（As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn）的空间分布进行了研究，采用Hankanson法和Igeo（地累积指数）分析了该海域重金属潜在生态风险，并评价了该海域的环境质量。在辽东湾葫芦岛附近海域、西南部六股河口东南部海域以及西部近岸海域表层沉积物中As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn含量偏高。地累积指数法及生态风险指数法对重金属污染程度评价结果一致，辽东湾生态环境具有潜在危害的重金属主要是Cd、Hg和As，8种重金属潜在生态风险系数由高到低依次为Cd、Hg、Cu、Pb、As、Zn、Ni和Cr，各站位重金属综合潜在生态风险指数均大于150，生态风险总体上处于中等生态风险等级。Cd和Hg是该海域沉积物重金属中主要污染物，局部区域达到中、中-强污染程度。环境质量评价表明，辽东湾表层沉积物重金属引发有害生物效应的可能性不大，但Cd和Hg显著富集，应予以重视。 相似文献
2.
为了解辽东湾西北部海域沉积物重金属的分布特征及污染程度,文章基于2017年3月辽东湾西北部12个采样站位表层沉积物7种重金属含量(Hg、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr、As)的测定,对辽东湾西北部海洋沉积物中的重金属进行了研究。SPSS用于沉积物中重金属含量统计分析并通过地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数的方法评估重金属污染和生态危害的程度。结果显示:(1)辽东湾西北部沉积物重金属含量平均值只有Cd符合海洋沉积物一类标准,变异程度由高到低依次为Hg、Cd、As、Zn、Pb、Cu,汞和镉受人为来源控制最高;(2)地累积指数法评价结果表明重金属元素污染程度由大到小依次为Hg、Cd、Zn、As、Cu、Pb;(3)潜在生态风险指数法评价结果表明,单因子潜在生态风险系数由高到低依次为Hg、Cd、As、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr,Hg具有很强的生态风险,综合生态风险指数在233.77~4785.15,平均1224.12,处于很强的生态风险水平。文章揭示了辽东湾西北部海域沉积物重金属的分布特征,为该海域的生态环境建设提供依据。 相似文献
3.
根据日照近海13个站位表层沉积物粒度和重金属含量测试结果，分析了研究区表层沉积物粒度和重金属含量分布特征，采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评估了研究区重金属污染状况和潜在生态风险，探讨了重金属的来源和控制因素。结果表明，研究区表层沉积物可分为粉砂、粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂等3种类型，沉积物类型主要呈大致平行岸线的条带状分布，由岸向海依次为粉砂 砂质粉砂 粉砂质砂。研究区表层沉积物中Cr、Zn、Pb、As、Cu、Cd、Hg等重金属的平均含量由高到低依次为45.5、21.8、16.4、8.5、4.8、0.113、0.11 μg/g。从空间分布特征来看，Cr、Cu、Zn和Pb高值区主要出现在付疃河口近岸和研究区中西部海域，Cd和As高值区位于研究区中东部海域。污染状况评估显示，Cr、Cu、Zn、As未出现污染；Cd轻度污染，个别站位达到中度污染，Hg、Pb部分站位呈轻度污染。潜在生态风险等级依次为：Cd＞Hg＞Cu＞As＞Pb＞Cr＞Zn，其中Cd和Hg表现为中生态风险，个别站位Cd为高风险危害。表层沉积物中Cu、Cr、Zn、Hg和Pb元素主要来源于陆源细粒物质的输入，Cd和As元素可能来源于钢铁冶炼、煤炭燃烧、农药、化肥以及海水养殖等。研究区表层沉积物中重金属空间分布主要受物源控制。 相似文献
4.
《海洋湖沼通报》2016,(2)
基于2014年4月庙岛群岛南部海域的调查资料,综合运用单因子指数法、地质累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法3种方法,研究了海水和表层沉积物重金属元素的含量分布特征,并对重金属元素进行了污染评价和生态风险分析。结果表明:调查海域海水中Zn、Hg、Cu和Cd均符合第一类或第二类海水水质标准,15%站位的Pb超第二类海水水质标准;表层沉积物中7种重金属均符合第一类沉积物质量标准,沉积物质量良好;地质累积指数评价结果表明沉积物中重金属污染程度由高到低为ZnAsPbCrCuCdHg,Hg均处于清洁状态,As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Cd均有部分站位呈轻度污染状态;潜在生态风险指数表明沉积物中重金属综合潜在生态风险程度为中,7种重金属潜在生态风险由高到低为CdHgAsPbCuZnCr,Cd和Hg为调查海域沉积物重金属主要潜在生态风险因子;Pearson相关分析结果表明Zn、Cr、Hg、Cu、Pb、As之间呈显著相关(P0.01),具有相似的来源特征。庙岛群岛南部海域重金属的来源主要包括黄河入海泥沙悬浮物输送、周边沿岸入海径流输入、港口码头船舶引入和大气沉降输入等。应加强对庙岛群岛南部海域海水中Pb及表层沉积物中Cd和Hg的监测,重点关注沉积物中Cd和Hg相对高值区的潜在生态风险。 相似文献
5.
利用2007年10月和2009年6月对长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物的监测数据,分析了其中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As和Hg等7种重金属元素和TOC的含量,并采用Hakanson生态风险指数法进行了潜在生态风险评价.结果表明:重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As和Hg元素的平均含量分别为:37.43×10-6,36.85×10-6,93.48 × 10-6,0.17×10-6,72.91×10-6,10.60 × 10-6和0.043×10-6.各重金属元素空间上呈现长江口及杭州湾高、外陆架海区低的分布趋势,且总体上调查海区南部海域高于北部海域.7种重金属元素的污染指数由大到小排序为:Cu＞Cr＞ Zn＞Pb＞As＞Cd＞ Hg,其中Cu和Cr元素是主要的污染因子;潜在生态风险系数由大到小依次为:Cd＞ Hg＞Cu＞As＞Pb＞Cr＞Zn,其中Cd、Hg和Cu元素是主要的潜在生态风险因子.研究区仅局部海域受到了重金属元素的污染,RI值均小于150,属低潜在生态危害的范畴. 相似文献
6.
《海岸工程》2018,(4)
利用2014-06曹妃甸近岸海域14个采样站位沉积物和底栖生物体7种重金属(Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,Hg和As)单因子污染指数、富集系数、潜在生态风险因子和生物-沉积物积累因子,评估了曹妃甸近岸海域表层沉积物重金属的污染现状、潜在生态风险水平和生物-沉积物积累程度。结果表明:曹妃甸近岸海域表层沉积物中重金属元素含量大小顺序为ZnCrPbCuAsCdHg;空间分布上呈现靠近曹妃甸填海区域含量高、远离其区域含量低的趋势。重金属元素污染程度由高到低为Cd,Hg,Zn,Pb,Cu,Cr,As,其中Cd的污染程度为轻微污染,其余重金属元素富集污染程均为无污染。综合潜在生态风险等级"较低"水平,其中Cd元素是较大的潜在风险因子。底栖生物生物体重金属元素含量大小顺序依次为ZnCuAsCdCrHgPb,Cd在2种双壳类贝类生物体内具有较强的累积作用,是沉积物重金属含量的6.64倍,其余均显示没有累积。 相似文献
7.
为了解惠州近岸海域沉积物重金属的污染特征,于2016-08采集表层沉积物12个,分析了沉积物中Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr,Hg,As的含量,采用地积累指数法(Igeo)和潜在生态风险指数法(Eir)进行重金属污染现状和生态风险评价。结果表明:参照国家《海洋沉积物质量》标准(GB 18668—2002),惠州近岸海域沉积物质量整体良好,沉积物中7种重金属元素含量符合第一、二类标准。地积累指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评价结果显示,惠州近岸海域沉积物7种重金属元素的污染程度为CdZnAsCuPbHgCr,Cd在所有样点都是偏中度污染及以上,Pb,Cr,Hg三种元素皆为无污染;沉积物中7种重金属元素的潜在生态风险系数(E_r~i)由高到低依次为CdHgAsCuPbZnCr,Cd具有极强生态风险,沉积物重金属处于强生态风险状态(RI平均值为370.22),Cd是主要的生态风险贡献因子。沉积物中Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr四种元素显著相关,具有同源性;有机碳显著作用于沉积物重金属含量和分布。 相似文献
8.
通过对长岛北部海域101个站位表层沉积物进行取样，研究了表层沉积物类型和粒度分布，探讨了As、Pb、Hg、Cr、Cd、Cu、Zn和Ni等8种重金属元素的含量、分布特征及其相关性，并采用潜在生态风险指数法、沉积物环境质量评价和地累积指数法对该海域重金属情况进行了风险评价。结果表明：重金属元素主要在大钦岛南部、北隍城岛北部和小钦岛北部海域富集；大部分重金属元素与平均粒径呈显著正相关；沉积物类型受潮流及地形地貌等因素影响。风险评价结果表明：研究区整体处于很低的风险环境，潜在生态风险指数法显示仅部分站位中Cd和Hg处在中等生态风险；内梅罗综合污染指数法显示As仅在小钦岛西北部海域为尚清洁环境，Cr仅在各岛屿周边海域为尚清洁环境；地累积指数法显示Cd仅在大钦岛西南部和北隍城岛西部海域处于轻微污染环境。来源分析表明：Cd、Hg、Cu、Zn、Hg、Ni和Cr受养殖、排污等人类活动影响，As仅受到岛屿及近岸土母质影响。 相似文献
9.
10.
长江口海域表层沉积物重金属元素的潜在生态风险评价 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
根据三峡水库一期蓄水3 a后(2006年)长江口海域表层沉积物样品中元素(Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn,Al,As,Ca和Sr等)质量比和黏土组分百分含量,采用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法,分析了长江口海域表层沉积物中重金属元素(Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn和As)的污染程度,评价了长江口海域表层沉积物的环境质量现状,定量分析了长江口海域表层沉积物的潜在生态风险程度,并结合2003年的资料,讨论了三峡水库一期蓄水3 a后长江口海域的环境变化。结果表明,长江口海域表层沉积物环境质量状况良好,6种重金属元素的污染程度排序为:AsCrCdZnCuPb;表层沉积物的潜在生态风险程度为"轻度",6种重金属元素的潜在生态风险程度排序为:CdAsCuCrPbZn。从区域差异来看,杭州湾口外泥质区和长江口外东北偏北海域表层沉积物中重金属元素(As,Cr,Zn,Cu和Pb)的污染指数和潜在生态风险指数均出现相对高值。从元素差异来看,Cd的污染指数和潜在生态风险指数高值区的分布明显异于其他重金属元素,说明Cd存在与其他重金属元素不同的富集机制,很可能是因为Cd更易受悬浮体浓度、有机质含量以及水体盐度的影响。与2003年的资料相比,三峡水库一期蓄水3 a后(2006年)表层沉积物总体潜在生态风险程度和重金属元素(除Cd之外)潜在生态风险指数的高值区均未发生显著变化。 相似文献
11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
14.
双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺的检测方法初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究的目的是探索一种检测双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺含量的方法。以栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)为实验对象,研究了取样、抗氧化剂、氧化铝用量以及Tris缓冲液用量等对实验结果的影响。结果表明,高效液相色谱电化学检测器法(HPLC-ECD)可以灵敏高效地对双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺进行定性、定量检测。实验表明,取样时间最长不超过1.5min;还原性谷胱甘肽作抗氧化剂效果较好;前处理各试剂与血样量的最适配比为血样量1.5mL,Tris缓冲液(1.5mol/L,pH8.6)1mL和氧化铝25mg;水洗后离心并尽可能吸干氧化铝中的水分。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的回收率分别为53%~69%、47%~73%和48%~56%。 相似文献
15.
为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明：黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km2,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km2;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。 相似文献
16.
V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
17.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
18.
The authors have previously determined that the effectiveness and failure pattern of the ice cover caused by flexural-gravity waves generated by a submerged body motion near the bottom ice can greatly depend on the depth of the water area. In its turn, the presence of a ledge on the ice surface may affect a wave propagation pattern. This paper presents an experimental study of the bottom contour influence on the deflection and length of flexural-gravity waves. The authors describe a numerical model for the analysis of the deformed state of ice caused by hydrodynamic loads due to a submarine motion, taking into account the bottom contour. The experiments are carried out in the ice tank. The results of calculations and experiments are compared. 相似文献
19.
Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
20.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献