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1.
《中国海洋工程》2021,(4)
In connection with the design of floating wind turbines, stochastic dynamic analysis is a critical task considering nonlinear wind and wave forces. To study the random structural responses of a newly designed submerged tension leg platform(STLP) wind turbine, a set of dynamic simulations and comparison analysis with the MIT/NREL TLP wind turbine are carried out. The signal filter method is used to evaluate the mean and standard deviations of the structural response. Furthermore, the extreme responses are estimated by using the mean upcrossing rate method. The fatigue damages for blade root, tower, and mooring line are also studied according to the simulated time-series. The results and comparison analysis show that the STLP gives small surge and pitch motions and mooring line tensions in operational sea states due to the small water-plane area. Additionally, in severe sea states, the STLP gives lower extreme values of platform pitch, slightly larger surge and heave motions and better towerbase and mooring line fatigue performances than those of the MIT/NREL TLP. It is found that the STLP wind turbine has good performances in structural responses and could be a potential type for exploiting the wind resources located in deep waters. 相似文献
2.
The dynamic behavior of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) is crucial for its design and optimization. A novel dynamics analysis method for the spar-type FOWT system is proposed in this paper based on the theorem of moment of momentum and the Newton’s second law. The full nonlinearity of the equations of motion (EOMs) and the full nonlinear coupling between external loads and the motions are preserved in this method. Compared with the conventional methods, this method is more transparent and it can be applied directly to the large-amplitude rotation cases. An in-house code is developed to implement this method. The capability of in-house code is verified by comparing its simulation results with those predicted by FAST. Based on the in-house code, the dynamic responses of a spar-type FOWT system are investigated under various conditions. 相似文献
3.
概念性地设计了一种新型半潜式海上风力机基础,确定了结构的型式和尺寸,对风浪联合作用下不同工况的风力机基础稳性进行了校核.考虑黏性阻尼和二阶波浪力的作用,计算分析了风力机基础的水动力系数、幅频运动以及动力响应特性.结果表明,经过改进的新型风力机基础具有良好的稳性和水动力性能,特别是在垂荡性能上有大幅的提升.波浪入射角度对垂荡的影响不大,但对其他自由度RAOs影响较大.垂荡、横摇和纵摇RAOs均存在一个主峰值和次峰值,但峰值周期均远离波能集中区.此外还发现,不同工况下风浪入射角对风机系统的动力响应和系泊力均有较大影响,相对于工作工况,极端工况下所受风荷载较小,但是系泊力更大. 相似文献
4.
In order to account for rigid-flexible coupling effects of floating offshore wind turbines, a nonlinear rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model is proposed in this paper. The proposed nonlinear coupled model takes the higher-order axial displacements into account, which are usually neglected in the conventional linear dynamic model. Subsequently,investigations on the dynamic differences between the proposed nonlinear dynamic model and the linear one are conducted. The results demonstrate that the stiffness of the turbine blades in the proposed nonlinear dynamic model increases with larger overall motions but that in the linear dynamic model declines with larger overall motions.Deformation of the blades in the nonlinear dynamic model is more reasonable than that in the linear model as well.Additionally, more distinct coupling effects are observed in the proposed nonlinear model than those in the linear model. Finally, it shows that the aerodynamic loads, the structural loads and global dynamic responses of floating offshore wind turbines using the nonlinear dynamic model are slightly smaller than those using the linear dynamic model. In summary, compared with the conventional linear dynamic model, the proposed nonlinear coupling dynamic model is a higher-order dynamic model in consideration of the rigid-flexible coupling effects of floating offshore wind turbines, and accord more perfectly with the engineering facts. 相似文献
5.
借助FAST软件对OC4半潜式浮式风机平台进行数值计算,分析了影响海上浮式风机平台首摇运动的一系列重要因素及其变化规律(如风向变化、浪向变化、陀螺力矩等)。研究了平台首摇运动所诱导的风机系统动力响应,发现浮式风机首摇运动不仅会加剧平台耦合运动响应,而且还会影响风机的气动性能和加剧锚泊张力波动。提出并探讨了几种减小海上浮式风机支撑平台首摇运动的方法。 相似文献
6.
Coupled Dynamic Response Analysis of A Multi-Column Tension-Leg-Type Floating Wind Turbine 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
This paper presents a coupled dynamic response analysis of a multi-column tension-leg-type floating wind turbine (WindStar TLP system) under normal operation and parked conditions. Wind-only load cases, wave-only load cases and combined wind and wave load cases were analyzed separately for the WindStar TLP system to identify the dominant excitation loads. Comparisons between an NREL offshore 5-MW baseline wind turbine installed on land and the WindStar TLP system were performed. Statistics of selected response variables in specified design load cases (DLCs) were obtained and analyzed. It is found that the proposed WindStar TLP system has small dynamic responses to environmental loads and it thus has almost the same mean generator power output under operating conditions as the land-based system. The tension mooring system has a sufficient safety factor, and the minimum tendon tension is always positive in all selected DLCs. The ratio of ultimate load of the tower base fore-aft bending moment for the WindStar TLP system versus the land-based system can be as high as 1.9 in all of the DLCs considered. These results will help elucidate the dynamic characteristics of the proposed WindStar TLP system, identify the difference in load effect between it and land-based systems, and thus make relevant modifications to the initial design for the WindStar TLP system. 相似文献
7.
Experiment Study of Dynamics Response for Wind Turbine System of Floating Foundation 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The floating foundation is designed to support a 1.5 MW wind turbine in 30 m water depth. With consideration of the viscous damping of foundation and heave plates, the amplitude-frequency response characteristics of the foundation are studied. By taking into account the elastic effect of blades and tower, the classic quasi-steady blade-element/momentum (BEM) theory is used to calculate the aerodynamic elastic loads. A coupled dynamic model of the turbine-foundation- mooring lines is established to calculate the motion response of floating foundation under Kaimal wind spectrum and regular wave by using the FAST codes. The model experiment is carried out to test damping characteristics and natural motion behaviors of the wind turbine system. The dynamics response is tested by considering only waves and the joint action of wind and waves. It is shown that the wind turbine system can avoid resonances under the action of wind and waves. In addition, the heave motion of the floating foundation is induced by waves and the surge motion is induced by wind. The action of wind and waves is of significance for pitch. 相似文献
8.
Offshore wind turbines can exhibit dynamic resonant behavior due to sea states with wave excitation frequencies coinciding with the structural eigenfrequencies. In addition to significant contributions to fatigue actions, dynamic load amplification can govern extreme wind turbine responses. However, current design requirements lack specifications for assessment of resonant loads, particularly during parked or idling conditions where aerodynamic damping contributions are significantly reduced. This study demonstrates a probabilistic approach for assessment of offshore wind turbines under extreme resonant responses during parked situations. Based on in-situ metocean observations on the North Sea, the environmental contour method is used to establish relevant design conditions. A case study on a feasible large monopile design showed that resonant loads can govern the design loads. The presented framework can be applied to assess the reliability of wave-sensitive offshore wind turbine structures for a given site-specific metocean conditions and support structure design. 相似文献
9.
Both numerical calculation and model test are important techniques to study and forecast the dynamic responses of the floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT). However, both the methods have their own limitations at present. In this study, the dynamic responses of a 5 MW OC3 spar-type floating wind turbine designed for a water depth of 200 m are numerically investigated and validated by a 1:50 scaled model test. Moreover, the discrepancies between the numerical calculations and model tests are obtained and discussed. According to the discussions, it is found that the surge and pitch are coupled with the mooring tensions, but the heave is independent of them. Surge and pitch are mainly induced by wave under wind wave conditions. Wind and current will induce the low-frequency average responses, while wave will induce the fluctuation ranges of the responses. In addition, wave will induce the wavefrequency responses but wind and current will restrain the ranges of the responses. 相似文献
10.
以三浮筒(Tri-floater)型半潜式风机系统为对象,采用时域方法,考虑垂荡板的黏性阻尼效应,研究系泊缆直径、长度、预张力和布置方式等参数对其在风浪流中动力响应特性的影响规律,提出了一种系泊参数优化方法。在此基础上,根据东海和南海三个不同水深区域百年一遇海洋环境条件,通过调整Tri-floater型浮式基础的吃水和垂荡板等参数,有效地提高了其运动响应周期,减小了其运动响应幅值。同时,根据风机浮式基础运动幅值的设计规范要求,针对三个不同水深区域特点,设计了Tri-floater型浮式基础的系泊系统。计算结果表明,改进后的Tri-floater型半潜式风机系统能满足百年一遇极端环境下的作业要求,适合于东海和南海海洋环境下海上风能资源的开发。 相似文献
11.
The asymmetric or periodically varying blade loads resulted by wind shear become more significant as the blade length is increased to capture more wind power. Additionally, compared with the onshore wind turbines, their offshore counterparts are subjected to additional wave loadings in addition to wind loadings within their lifetime. Therefore, vibration control and fatigue load mitigation are crucial for safe operation of large-scale offshore wind turbines. In view of this, a multi-body model of an offshore bottom-fixed wind turbine including a detailed drivetrain is established in this paper. Then, an individual pitch controller (IPC) is designed using disturbance accommodating control. State feedback is used to add damping in flexible modes of concern, and a state estimator is designed to predict unmeasured signals. Continued, a coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic model is constructed. Based on this coupled model, the load reduction effect of IPC and the dynamic responses of the drivetrain are investigated. The results showed that the designed IPC can effectively reduce the structural loads of the wind turbine while stabilizing the turbine power output. Moreover, it is found that the drivetrain dynamic responses are improved under IPC.
相似文献12.
Fixed offshore wind turbines usually have large underwater supporting structures. The fluid influences the dynamic characteristics of the structure system. The dynamic model of a 5-MW tripod offshore wind turbine considering the pile–soil system and fluid structure interaction (FSI) is established, and the structural modes in air and in water are obtained by use of ANSYS. By comparing low-order natural frequencies and mode shapes, the influence of sea water on the free vibration characteristics of offshore wind turbine is analyzed. On basis of the above work, seismic responses under excitation by El-Centro waves are calculated by the time-history analysis method. The results reveal that the dynamic responses such as the lateral displacement of the foundation and the section bending moment of the tubular piles increase substantially under the influence of the added-mass and hydrodynamic pressure of sea water. The method and conclusions presented in this paper can provide a theoretical reference for structure design and analysis of offshore wind turbines fixed in deep seawater. 相似文献
13.
Fixed offshore wind turbines usually have large underwater supporting structures.The fluid influences the dynamic characteristics of the structure system.The dynamic model of a 5-MW tripod offshore wind turbine considering the pile–soil system and fluid structure interaction(FSI) is established,and the structural modes in air and in water are obtained by use of ANSYS.By comparing low-order natural frequencies and mode shapes,the influence of sea water on the free vibration characteristics of offshore wind turbine is analyzed.On basis of the above work,seismic responses under excitation by El-Centro waves are calculated by the time-history analysis method.The results reveal that the dynamic responses such as the lateral displacement of the foundation and the section bending moment of the tubular piles increase substantially under the influence of the added-mass and hydrodynamic pressure of sea water.The method and conclusions presented in this paper can provide a theoretical reference for structure design and analysis of offshore wind turbines fixed in deep seawater. 相似文献
14.
随着风电产业向深远海发展,浮式风机已经成为海上风机未来的发展趋势.由于复杂的风浪联合环境载荷作用,浮式风机作业时通常会产生大幅度的运动响应,这一方面会使得浮式风机系统受到的水动力载荷更加复杂,另一方面会影响浮式风机的输出功率.因此,如何有效地抑制浮式风机系统的运动响应就成为了设计的关键.基于非稳态致动线模型和两相流求解器naoeFOAM-SJTU,进行了带垂荡板的浮式风机耦合性能研究.首先在OC3-Hywind Spar平台上附加垂荡板,并结合NREL-5 MW风力机建立带垂荡板的浮式风机模型.其次对比不同形状的垂荡板对Spar-5 MW型浮式风机气动—水动耦合结果,分析相同风浪联合作用条件下垂荡板形状对浮式风机耦合响应的影响.研究结果表明:垂荡板能够减小纵荡和垂荡等运动响应幅值,但是对纵摇运动响应影响较小;当垂荡板直径和吃水位置相同时,相同风浪条件下圆形垂荡板能使浮式风机的气动平均功率增大约0.844％,而正方形垂荡板却使平均功率减小1.492％,这说明圆形垂荡板对浮式风机系统的作用效果整体而言优于正方形. 相似文献
15.
以超大型风力机(DTU 10 MW)为研究对象,对现有的大型(NREL 5 MW)无撑杆半潜浮式风力机支撑平台进行放大设计,用于支撑超大型风力机,基于气动-水动-伺服-弹性全耦合计算模型,根据设定的典型工况,使用FAST软件对超大型和大型无撑杆的半潜浮式风力机系统进行时域耦合分析,并依据计算结果对超大型和大型浮式风力机系统的运动响应和结构动力反应等特性进行对比分析。研究发现:半潜浮式风力机大型化后,气动荷载效应对风力机系统的激励作用更为突出,使得浮式平台运动由风荷载激励的低频共振反应比例增大,波频运动比例减小,这也导致由浮式平台低频运动激励的锚链张力反应增大。此外,高倍的飞轮转动频率对大型半潜浮式风力机叶片、塔架结构的激励作用较超大型半潜浮式风力机更为显著。 相似文献
16.
This paper attempts to provide a better understanding of the hydrodynamic behavior of a tandem hull form in a floating production platform application where high deck payload capacity and low wave induced motions of this vessel are primary design goals. A simplified hydrodynamic analysis and a more representative radiation and diffraction theory based hydrodynamic analysis are used for wave induced forces and motions. The analysis results are compared with model test results to deduce principal features of these special purpose hull configurations. The motion responses in different wave headings evaluated from the complicated diffraction analysis are compared and discussed in some detail. 相似文献
17.
Based on observations from buoys, it is found that the wave age is well correlated with the nondimensional wave height, and this correlation is best described by a 3/5-power law. This similarity law is valid in the cases of wind waves as well as swells under natural sea states. On the basis of the 3/5-power law combined with the well-known 3/2-power law, it is shown that the wave-induced wind stress increases rapidly with wave age, indicating that the traditional observations or analytic techniques have only given the turbulent Reynolds stress induced by short wind waves, but excluded the long-wave-induced wind stress. The latter constitutes a small fraction to the total wind stress when the wave age is smaller than 1.0. The increase of sea-surface roughness with wave age can be attributed to wave breaking. 相似文献
18.
The formation of the spectrum of short wind waves from the gravity-capillary and capillary ranges under the effect of three-wave interactions is considered. In order to determine the spectrum, the kinetic equation for wave packets is integrated to the point where the solution is established. Three-wave interactions are described by a collision integral without introducing any additional assumptions simplifying the problem. This calculation procedure reproduces the Zakharov-Filonenko theoretical spectra, which correspond to the cases of energy equipartition and the inertial range. It is shown that the main role of three-wave interactions lies in the energy transfer from the range of short gravity waves to waves with shorter wavelengths. This transfer is accomplished both locally in the Fourier space and as a result of interactions between short and long waves. Its characteristic features are the formation of a dip on the curvature spectrum in the region of a minimum phase velocity of waves and the formation of a secondary peak in the capillary range. The dip is filled and disappears as the wind speed increases. Taking into account the interaction between short and long waves increases the spectrum in the capillary range several times, and the balance between energy input from long waves and viscous dissipation is established in the capillary range. The energy sink caused by three-wave interactions, viscous dissipation, and wind forcing cannot give the stability of the spectrum of short gravity waves. 相似文献
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20.
The floating bridge bears the dead weight and live load with buoyancy, and has wide application prospect in deep-water transportation infrastructure. The structural analysis of floating bridge is challenging due to the complicated fluid-solid coupling effects of wind and wave. In this research, a novel time domain approach combining dynamic finite element method and state-space model (SSM) is established for the refined analysis of floating bridges. The dynamic coupled effects induced by wave excitation load, radiation load and buffeting load are carefully simulated. High-precision fitted SSMs for pontoons are established to enhance the calculation efficiency of hydrodynamic radiation forces in time domain. The dispersion relation is also introduced in the analysis model to appropriately consider the phase differences of wave loads on pontoons. The proposed approach is then employed to simulate the dynamic responses of a scaled floating bridge model which has been tested under real wind and wave loads in laboratory. The numerical results are found to agree well with the test data regarding the structural responses of floating bridge under the considered environmental conditions. The proposed time domain approach is considered to be accurate and effective in simulating the structural behaviors of floating bridge under typical environmental conditions.
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