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围填海工程对莱州湾水动力条件的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(10)
本文采用数值模拟的方法研究了2003—2013年10年来围填海工程建设对莱州湾水动力环境的影响。结果表明2003—2013年围填海工程的建设导致了莱州湾海域面积减小7.38%;围填海工程使莱州湾流速整体呈减小趋势,流速减小超过4cm/s面积约占整个海湾面积的24.3%,流速增加大于4cm/s区域仅占4.0%,流向变化整体较小;莱州湾的纳潮量明显减小,平均纳潮量减小了5.57%;围填海工程建设使莱州湾水交换率略有减小。围填海工程弱化了莱州湾的海湾属性。 相似文献
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为了解莱州湾在不同方向风作用下水动力和水交换状况,基于实测数据验证的海洋水动力模型Mike21FM对流场和余流场进行了数值模拟。水动力研究结果表明,风对莱州湾海流的影响不如余流明显。通过示踪剂输移扩散的水交换模型计算结果可知,不同风向对莱州湾不同海域水交换改善也不相同:E向风对东部海域水交换改善明显;N向风对西部海域水交换改善明显;W向风对整个莱州湾水交换能力改善最好;S向风对水交换能力改善最差。研究表明不但是污染源决定了污染物浓度的分布状况,水文气象条件也对污染物浓度分布有影响,应充分认识到不同水文气象条件对水体污染物分布的影响。 相似文献
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本文以莱州湾海洋环境为研究对象,采用数值模拟,分别从海域空间、水动力和生态环境3个方面,分析了2000—2005年、2005—2010年和2010—2013年莱州湾3个阶段围填海工程对其海洋环境产生的累积影响。结果表明,2000—2013年围填海工程导致莱州湾的海域面积减小了约6.3%,岸线长度增加了18.1%;影响流速等级为Ⅲ级的海域面积累积约1 069km~2,大、小纳潮量分别减少了3.81%和4.76%;围填海工程还导致莱州湾的生物资源多样性程度和数量下降。十几年来的围填海对莱州湾海洋环境的累积影响较大。 相似文献
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应用ＭＩＫＥ２１建立莱州湾平面二维潮流模型,对港口工程建设前后莱州湾内潮流场进行数值模拟,研究不同工程岸线下莱州湾水动力特征。通过莱州湾的连续实测海流数据与模拟结果进行比较,可以看出两者趋势基本符合,说明该模型能较精确地反映该海域工程前后的潮流场分布情况。计算结果表明：潍坊港双堤建设后,堤身两侧潮流流速有所减小,堤头附近潮流流速明显增大,广利港规划方案实施后,位于新形成“湾”内的潮流流速均存在不同程度的减弱,而“湾”口潮流流速均增大;港口工程建设对潮流场的影响主要集中在工程邻近海域,由于潍坊港和广利港的布局占据了莱州浅滩至老黄河口南侧海域的近１／４,因此港口工程的实施对潮流场的影响还是明显存在的。 相似文献
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人类活动对海洋生态系统影响的空间量化评价——以莱州湾海域为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文针对海域管理中难以量化人类活动对海洋生态系统影响的问题,提出人海关系空间量化模型,通过完善概念模型、构建指标体系、确定权重及标准,最终利用作用强度和位置关系量化人类活动对海洋生态系统的影响,数值在0—1之间,等分为四个影响程度,由弱到强依次为微弱、中等、强烈和极强,并将该模型和量化方法应用于莱州湾海域。研究结果表明:整个莱州湾受人类活动的综合影响均值为0.425,处于中等影响程度;其中污水排放、围填海工程及港口航运是对莱州湾生态系统影响比较强烈的人类活动;研究海域中40%受到人类活动的强烈影响,44%为中等影响,16%为微弱影响。空间量化分析显示,人类活动对莱州湾近岸海域的综合影响比邻近外海强烈,其中影响较强烈的区域出现在西南近岸海区,而影响较微弱的海区则为莱州湾北部外海。该方法空间量化结果与莱州湾实际情况相符,说明人海关系空间量化模型适合定量化评估人类活动对该海域生态系统的影响,可为"山东半岛蓝色经济区"海域管理提供技术支持。 相似文献
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在详细了解工程附近海域自然状况的基础上,基于雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程组模拟该海域的水动力状况,采用有限体积数值格式离散水动力学方程。在此基础上,引入该海域附近两个建设工程的影响,基于对流扩散的水质模型模拟悬浮物浓度场的分布状况,并分别计算了两个工程对海域的影响程度,即影响贡献度。通过实测数据验证了模型的准确性和实用性。经过结果分析可知,工程2对控制点的影响较工程1的影响贡献度系数小65%左右,这主要是由于工程1相对于工程2距离湾顶更近,水深较浅,海流速度较小,海水交换能力较差,扩散能力也较弱造成的。 相似文献
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本课题对辽东湾、渤海湾、莱州湾、芝呆湾、胶州湾、杭州湾、厦门湾、广州湾、北海湾、深圳湾等十个海湾进行了数值模拟,建立了十个海湾的水质预测模型和拉格朗日余流模型,为经济开发对上述海域环境质量影响的预测和评价提供了有效手段,并为海域的沿岸工业布局,排污口选址等提供环境依据。 现将部分海湾的研究内容作为实例介绍于下。第一节张淑珍 深俞光耀刀I!湾王化桐一、流体动力学模型 根据深圳湾湾口赤湾水文站验潮资料的调和分析,深圳湾的潮汐属于不正规半日潮。其特点是有显著的日不等现象。为了使潮流的数值模拟能反映这种日不等的… 相似文献
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为研究围填海工程对海湾水动力环境的影响,本文基于二维数值模型MIKE21,建立了东山湾附近海域的潮流模型。对比观测数据发现,大潮期间的最高、最低潮位模拟误差在6 cm以内,小潮期间的误差相对较大;流速和流向的模拟误差在9%左右,最大误差出现在转流时刻;总体来看,模拟结果与观测数据吻合良好。在此模型基础上,研究了东山湾围填海前、后潮流动力、水体半交换时间和纳潮量等水动力要素的变化。结果表明:围填海后大范围的涨落流态与围填海前保持一致,大体上仍然呈现S-N走向,涨潮流偏N向,落潮流偏S向,往复流特征较为明显;从局部流场来看,涨落潮流场发生了一定的变化,围填海区域南、北两侧的流矢变化较为明显,涨潮流矢由偏N向改为偏E向,而落潮流矢由偏S向改为偏W向,同时受到围填海区域岸线的遮蔽效应,围填海南、北两侧水域的流速也有一定减弱,而西侧的流速则有一定增强;围填海实施前的水体半交换时间为220.5 h,实施后时间为239.4 h;纳潮量变化为-2.5%左右。研究表明,围填海工程对东山湾水动力环境的影响主要集中在工程区域附近,其对泥沙冲淤、生态环境等的影响将在后续研究中进一步探讨。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献