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1.
《Coastal Engineering》2003,48(3):197-209
A new method is presented for identifying potential pipeline problems, such as hazardous exposures. This method comprises a newly developed sand wave amplitude and migration model, and an existing pipeline–seabed interaction model. The sand wave migration model is based on physical principles and tuned with field data through data assimilation techniques. Due to its physical basis, this method is trusted to be more reliable than other, mostly engineering-based methods. The model describes and predicts the dynamics of sand waves and provides the necessary bed level input for the pipeline–seabed interaction model. The method was tested by performing a hindcast on the basis of survey data for a specific submarine gas pipeline, diameter 0.4 m, on the Dutch continental shelf. Good agreement was found with the observed seabed–pipeline levels. The applicability of the method was investigated further through a number of test cases. The self-lowering of the pipeline, in response to exposures due to sand wave migration, can be predicted, both effectively and efficiently. This allows the use of the method as a tool for pipeline operation, maintenance and abandonment. 相似文献
2.
水动力作用下管道稳定性的试验研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
利用振荡流水槽在以下两种约束条件下，研究波浪作用下直接铺设于砂质海底的管道失稳临界条件：1）管道两端自由；2）管道可水平、垂直自由运动，但流动受到限制。试验结果表明，管重无量纳数G与管道失稳的临界Fr数之间大致呈线性关系，而当G超过一定数值时，管道是侧向稳定的。管道的约束条件、砂床特性和加载速度对管道稳定性均有影响。 相似文献
3.
通过物理模型试验研究水流作用下轴线倾斜海底管道的三维局部冲刷问题。利用超声波探头监测管道下部冲刷沿管轴线方向的扩展过程,分析海底管道三维局部冲刷的动态发展机理。由模型沙的冲蚀试验,建立沙床面剪切应力与泥沙表观侵蚀速率之间的关系式,并引入经验公式对沙床面剪切应力放大系数、泥沙表观侵蚀速率以及远场床面剪切应力之间的关系进行表达。由倾斜管道模型试验,在分析冲刷扩展位置随时间变化数据的基础上,结合上述经验公式以及沙床面剪切应力放大系数与管道埋深的关系,建立轴线倾斜海底管道冲刷扩展速率的预测公式。 相似文献
4.
Scour of the Seabed Under A Pipeline in Oscillating Flow 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The scour of the seabed under a pipeline is studied experimentally in this paper. Tests are carried out in a U-shaped oscillatory water tunnel with a box imbedded in the bottom of the test section. By use of the standard sand, clay and plastic grain as the seabed material, the influence of the bed material on the scour is studied. The relationship between the critical initial gap-to-diameter ratio above which no scour occurs and the parameters of the oscillating flow is obtained. The self-burial phenomenon, which occurs for the pipeline not fixed to two sidewalls of the test section, is not observed for the fixed pipeline. The effect of the pipe on sand wave formation is discussed. The maximum equilibrium scour depths for different initial gap-to-diameter ratios, different Kc numbers and different bed sands are also given in this paper. 相似文献
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6.
A series of regular wave experiments have been done in a large-scale wave flume to investigate the wave-induced pore pressure around the submarine shallowly embedded pipelines.The model pipelines are buried in three kinds of soils,including gravel,sand and silt with different burial depth.The input waves change with height and period.The results show that the amplitudes of wave-induced pore pressure increase as the wave period increase,and decay from the surface to the bottom of seabed.Higher pore pressures are recorded at the pipeline top and the lower pore pressures at the bottom,especially in the sand seabed.The normalized pressure around pipeline decreases as the relative water depth,burial depth or scattering parameters increase.For the silt seabed,the wavelet transform has been successfully used to analyze the signals of wave-induced pore pressure,and the oscillatory and residual pore pressure can be extracted by wavelet analysis.Higher oscillatory pressures are recorded at the bottom and the lower pressures at the top of the pipeline.However,higher residual pressures are recorded at the top and the lower pressures at the bottom of the pipeline. 相似文献
7.
K.F. Lambrakos 《Ocean Engineering》1985,12(2):131-150
Tests to measure the soil resistance to lateral pipeline sliding were conducted in 9.15 and 18.3m of water depth in the Gulf of Mexico. The tests were performed with a special vehicle towed from a boat. The vehicle was constructed from two pipeline segments—the one simulating sliding and the other rolling. Tow force data were obtained for sand and clay soils and were analysed with the Coulomb friction model to derive sliding friction coefficients. The data analysis focused on the friction coefficients from inception of vehicle movement to the instant of maximum soil resistance. The coefficients calculated for the maximum soil resistance were 0.45 and 0.75 for the clay and sand, respectively, and these values are consistent with coefficients in the public domain from comparable laboratory tests. 相似文献
8.
Physical modeling of untrenched submarine pipeline instability 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wave-induced instability of untrenched pipeline on sandy seabed is a ‘wave–soil–pipeline’ coupling dynamic problem. To explore the mechanism of the pipeline instability, the hydrodynamic loading with U-shaped oscillatory flow tunnel is adopted, which is quite different from the previous experiment system. Based on dimensional analysis, the critical conditions for pipeline instability are investigated by altering pipeline submerged weight, diameter, soil parameters, etc. Based on the experimental results, different linear relationships between Froude number (Fr) and non-dimensional pipeline weight (G) are obtained for two constraint conditions. Moreover, the effects of loading history on the pipeline stability are also studied. Unlike previous experiments, sand scouring during the process of pipe’s losing stability is detected in the present experiments. In addition, the experiment results are compared with the previous experiments, based on Wake II model for the calculation of wave-induced forces upon pipeline. It shows that the results of two kinds of experiments are comparable, but the present experiments provide better physical insight of the wave–soil–pipeline coupling effects. 相似文献
9.
利用东海陆架海底输油管道路由调查获得的孔压静力触探数据和钻探资料等,采用统计分析的方法,对管道路由区5 m以浅土体的孔压静力触探曲线特征、土的分类方法鉴别作了探讨,结果表明:研究区5 m以浅黏性土的锥尖阻力(qc),侧摩阻力(fs)值较小,且随深度呈线性增加,粉质土的qc,fs值增大,但随深度线性增加规律不明显,砂类土的qc值急剧增大,但fs值变化不大;Robertson法和Eslami-Fellenius法两种土类划分方法均适用于研究区浅表层软土的土类划分,但Robertson法在判别粉质土时受到一定限制,Eslami-Fellenius法判别较为准确,应用简单。本研究可为我国在海底管线工程路由勘察中直接利用孔压静力触探(CPTU)参数划分土层和判别土类作铺垫。 相似文献
10.
采用当地海床的天然粉沙进行试验床面的设计,对海底管道在实际海床受到的极限波浪和最大水流作用进行试验,在管道上方铺设混凝土联锁排,对联锁排块体稳定性和其对管道防护的有效性进行研究。通过物理模型试验,研究了在极限波浪和最大水流作用下,管道在粉沙床面最大冲刷深度。通过不同水深中波流条件下研究了混凝土联锁排防护效果及其周围床面的冲刷变化,观测了联锁排的稳定性。试验结果表明:按半经验半理论简化公式得出的联锁排厚度能满足稳定性的要求,比水利部规范计算的联锁排厚度偏大的公式更加适合应用,试验期间混凝土联锁排的排面稳定,能有效保护管道,在该防护下管道没有冲刷,只在联锁排上下游与床面接触的来流段和尾端有冲刷,但该冲刷深度不影响联锁排整体的稳定性。 相似文献
11.
Onset of scour below pipelines and self-burial 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper summarizes the results of an experimental study on the onset of scour below and self-burial of pipelines in currents/waves. Pressure was measured on the surface of a slightly buried pipe at two points, one at the upstream side and the other at the downstream side of the pipe, both in the sand bed. The latter enabled the pressure gradient (which drives a seepage flow underneath the pipe) to be calculated. The results indicated that the excessive seepage flow and the resulting piping are the major factor to cause the onset of scour below the pipeline. The onset of scour occurred always locally (but not along the length of the pipeline as a two-dimensional process). The critical condition corresponding to the onset of scour was determined both in the case of currents and in the case of waves. Once the scour breaks out, it will propagate along the length of the pipeline, scour holes being interrupted with stretches of soil (span shoulders) supporting the pipeline. As the span shoulder gets shorter and shorter, more and more weight of the pipeline is exerted on the soil. In this process, a critical point is reached where the bearing capacity of the soil is exceeded (general shear failure). At this point, the pipe begins to sink at the span shoulder (self-burial). It was found that the self-burial depth is governed mainly by the Keulegan–Carpenter number. The time scale of the self-burial process, on the other hand, is governed by the Keulegan–Carpenter number and the Shields parameter. Diagrams are given for the self-burial depth and the time scale of the self-burial process. 相似文献
12.
Installation of offshore pipelines in the seabed can be efficiently achieved using pipeline ploughs. Increased efficiency may be achievable through incorporating a smaller forecutter in advance of the main plough share. Currently guidance is limited and conflicting as to the advantages or disadvantages of incorporating a forecutter. To investigate the effect of forecutter inclusion model tests were undertaken at 1/50th scale under laboratory conditions in sand beds prepared at different relative densities in both dry and saturated conditions. Dry sand tests were used to determine the effect of the forecutter on the static or passive components of plough tow force. The currently adopted passive pressure coefficient (Cs) did not appear to vary with relative density to the same degree as previously suggested and the forecutter increased the magnitude of the passive or static resistance to ploughing. Saturated tests were used to determine the effects of the forecutter on the rate dependant component of ploughing resistance and allow verification of a dimensionless form of rate effect representation. The forecutter acts to reduce the rate effect component of plough tow force in both fine sand (low permeability) and to a lesser extent in medium sand (higher permeability). In fine and silty sands, however, incorporating a forecutter would seem highly beneficial at all ploughing depths and soil densities but in medium sand (higher permeability) the benefits of incorporation are limited to an operating window at shallower trench depths and lower relative density. 相似文献
13.
南海珠江口盆地潜伏着多种地质灾害因素，对海洋开发、油气资源勘探、海底管线铺设等构成直接危害或潜在的威胁。根据联合国开发计划署（ＵＮＤＰ）援华项目（ＣＰＲ／８５／０４４）实际调查资料，对区内地震、活动断裂、海底滑坡、浅层气、活动沙波．埋藏古河道等潜在灾害因素作了分析，讨论了它们的成因机制与分布规律，提出防避灾害事件发生的具体措施。 相似文献
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从管道尾流区泥沙颗粒的受力平衡着手,探讨了管道冲刷的临界压力差。在此基础上,提出了一种防止或减少管道冲刷的新方法,即在管道下方安装柔性阻流器。通过物理模型试验,研究了单向恒定流及规则波作用下,柔性阻流器对管道两侧床面压力、冲刷深度的影响。试验结果表明:柔性阻流器的安装能明显减小管道两侧床面的压力差。在单向恒定流作用下,管道的冲刷深度随阻流器长度的增加而减小;当阻流器达到临界长度时,冲刷消失。规则波时,因阻流器的扰动作用,冲刷深度有所增加;但随阻流器长度的增加,其扰动作用减小,对床面的防护作用增加,因而冲刷深度减小。 相似文献
16.
海底管道完整性管理研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海底管道完整性管理是指海底管道运营商持续地对管道潜在的风险因素进行识别和评价,并采取相应的风险控制对策,将管道运行的风险水平始终控制在合理和可接受的范围之内。管道完整性管理就是对影响管道完整性的各种潜在因素进行综合的、一体化的管理。目前,在我国,海底管道的完整性管理处于起步阶段,文中对当前海底管道完整性管理的基本理念、基本内容和基本技术等进行了研究。 相似文献
17.
Local scour below a vibrating pipeline under steady current is investigated by a finite element numerical model. The flow, sediment transport and pipeline response are coupled in the numerical model. The numerical results of scour depths and pipeline vibration amplitudes are compared with measured data available in literature. Good agreement is obtained. It is found that pipeline vibrations cause increases of scour depth below the pipeline. The scour pit underneath a two-degree-of-freedom vibrating pipeline is deeper than that under a pipeline vibrating only in the transverse flow direction. The effects of water depth are also investigated. The present numerical result shows that water depth has weak effect on the scour depth. However it does affect the time scale of the scour. The shallower the water depth is, the less time it requires to reaches the equilibrium state of scour. It is found that the vibration forces vortices to be shed from the bottom side of the pipeline. Then vortex shedding around a vibrating pipeline is closer to the seabed than vortex shedding around a fixed pipeline. This contributes to the increase of the scour depth. 相似文献
18.
在滩海油田首次进行海底注水管道的铺设、受其结构等因素的影响,其施工工艺及技术性远比海底输出管道更复杂,难度更大。本文介绍了滩海油田海底注水管道的施工工艺,并对接口内防腐技术,底拖法海管拖运技术、海上接口技术及立管吊装技术做了详细的阐述。 相似文献
19.
The spoiler is a kind of device to disturb current and promote burying.At present,all submarine pipeline spoilers at home and abroad are parallel spoilers,that is,the plane of the spoiler is parallel to the vertical plane of the pipeline axis.According to the results of indoor experiments,when the pipeline with the forward spoiler is installed perpendicular to the direction of water flow,the spoiler will accelerate the seabed erosion and cause the pipeline to endure downward pressure,which will eventually cause the pipeline self-buried to form a protection.However,when the pipeline direction is consistent with the flow direction,the self-buried behavior and protective effect is vanished.By aiming at the defect that the forward spoiler cannot be self-buried when the direction of the pipeline and the flow are basically parallel,the spoiler burying aid device perpendicular to the pipeline axis has been innovatively developed,and the hydrodynamic changes and sediment erosion characteristics near the pipeline after the installation of the device were studied based on the experiment.Results reveal that although the perpendicular spoiler cannot generate downforce,it can greatly increase the turbulent kinetic energy of the flow and the rate of sediment erosion.The larger the angle between the pipeline axis and the spoiler plane is,the larger the increase in turbulent energy will be.The increase in turbulent energy near the bed surface can reach up about 70%when the angle is 90°,while serious sediment erosion mainly occurs along both sides of the pipeline with a distance of about 2?4 times the pipe diameter.In the future,we can further explore the influence of the perpendicular spoiler size and installation position on the pipeline downforce and the effect of burying promotion.At the same time,field tests on the perpendicular spoiler burying aid device currently developed will conduct to observe the actual effect of perpendicular spoiler promoting pipeline scouring and burying,and improve submarine pipeline safety protection technology. 相似文献
20.
埕岛油田海底管道安装应力计算方法的研究及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海底管道的施工质量直接关系到海底管道能否长久地安全运行。对施工期间各种环境荷载、施工荷载作用下的海底管道在力和变形进行计算,分析和监控、是确保底管道施工质量的不可缺少的重要手段。本文通过计算实例对浮拖法敷设海底管道安装计算分析的方法作了研究,并对胜利海洋石油开发公司与天津大学合作研究开发的涨底管道安装分析软件在胜利岛油田海底管道工程建设中的应用作了介绍。 相似文献