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1.
伶仃洋河口泥沙絮凝特征及影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
泥沙絮凝对河口细颗粒泥沙运动过程起着极其重要的作用。本文通过LISST-100激光粒度仪等仪器实测伶仃洋河口2013年洪季悬浮泥沙絮凝体现场粒径及水动力、泥沙条件,结合实验室悬沙粒径分析,研究大小潮期间伶仃洋河口泥沙絮凝特征,探讨紊动剪切强度、含沙量、盐度分层及波浪等因素对伶仃洋河口泥沙絮凝的影响。结果表明:伶仃洋河口水体中现场粒径平均值为148.53 μm,大于实验室悬沙分散粒径36.74 μm,河口絮凝现象明显;沉速与有效密度、粒径呈正相关,絮团平均有效密度为153.49 kg/m3,平均沉速达1.13 mm/s;小潮时絮团平均粒径大于大潮,垂向上表底层絮团粒径小、中层大,中底层絮团沉速大于表层。伶仃洋河口水动力、泥沙条件是影响其泥沙絮凝的重要因素,低剪切强度（小于5 s-1）、低含沙量（小于50 mg/L）及高体积浓度有利于细颗粒泥沙之间的相互碰撞,促进絮凝作用;当剪切强度与颗粒间碰撞强度高于絮团所能承受的强度时,絮团易破碎分解成小絮团或更细的泥沙颗粒;伶仃洋河口盐度层化引起的泥沙捕获现象增大中层泥沙体积浓度,有利于中层絮凝体的发育;观测期相对较大的波浪增强水体紊动,增大了水体细颗粒泥沙的碰撞几率,表层絮团粒径随波高峰值的出现而增大。 相似文献
2.
长江口枯季水沙特性分析——以2003年为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于2003年2月长江口大面积水沙同步观测资料的分析结果,长江口枯季水沙特性:a)垂线平均流速特性:时间上大潮＞小潮,落潮＞涨潮;纵向上由徐六泾向口门呈"先减小后增大再减少"的变化;断面上北支＞南支,南港＞北港,南槽最小.大潮徐六泾垂线平均流速为102cm/s,浑浊带水域北港最大,为128cm/s;口门水域南槽口外最大,为100cm/s.小潮徐六泾为78cm/s;浑浊带水域北槽最大,为83cm/s;口门水域北港口外最小,为36cm/s.b)垂线平均含沙量特性:时间上大潮＞小潮,涨潮＞落潮;纵向上由徐六泾向口门呈"先增大后减小"的变化;断面上北支＞南支,大潮北港＞南港,小潮南港＞北港,北槽较高,北港大潮较高,小潮最低.大潮徐六泾垂线平均含沙量为0.09kg/m3;浑浊带水域北港最高,为1.14kg/m3;口门水域南槽最高,为0.81kg/m3.小潮时徐六泾为0.06kg/m3,浑浊带水域北槽最高,为0.99kg/m3,口门水域北港最低,为0.09kg/m3.c)无论大小潮,水沙净通量均为北槽＞北港＞南槽.d)0.4H流速和含沙量能近似表示其对应的垂线平均值.南北槽大、小潮的水动力和含沙量分布均匀,变化较小,北港变化较大.e)流速和含沙量梯度表明,紊动强度大潮＞小潮,落潮＞涨潮,水体垂向混合的强度大潮＞小潮,涨、落潮的水体垂向混合的强度差别较小. 相似文献
3.
珠江口磨刀门泥沙絮凝特征 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
本文利用激光粒度仪实测得到珠江口磨刀门河口2013年夏季悬浮泥沙现场絮凝及絮凝体特征,同时对比悬沙分散粒径和含沙量,研究表明:悬沙分散粒径平均值为27.9μm,现场实测絮团粒径平均值为91.6μm,表明磨刀门口外的悬浮泥沙絮凝现象显著;实测絮团平均粒径变化范围为13.0~273.8μm,小潮期间絮团粒径平均值为131.5μm,大于大潮平均值76.9μm;絮凝体粒径在垂向上的变化表现为由表及底先变大再变小。絮团体积浓度、沉速与粒径的关系在不同情况下有差异,体积浓度和絮团粒径在表层和中层有明显正相关关系,絮团沉速在大潮时刻随着粒径的增大而增大。综合分析影响絮凝的因素,得知在珠江口盐度对于絮团大小影响不明显;而流速大小的差异是影响大小潮之间絮团大小不同的主要因素。研究结果有助于了解珠江口细颗粒泥沙输移特性和相关生物化学过程。 相似文献
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本文基于现场观测的絮团粒径、悬沙浓度及水动力数据,研究了黄河口南部潮滩泥沙絮凝特征。研究发现,黄河口潮滩絮团粒径在25.42～264.44 μm之间,平均为95.20 μm。水体紊动对黄河口潮滩絮凝的影响存在差异,紊动对絮凝促进作用的上限约为Gl=3.76 s?1。紊动强度低于Gl时,紊动促进泥沙絮凝,絮团粒径随紊动加强而增大;反之水体紊动对絮凝主要起抑制作用,絮团粒径随紊动强度增大而减小。悬沙浓度对黄河口潮滩泥沙絮凝起抑制作用,同等紊动条件下高悬沙浓度对应的絮团粒径更小。黄河口潮滩絮团有效密度与粒径呈现负相关关系,沉速主要受粒径影响。本研究补充了对弱潮河口潮滩泥沙絮凝特性的认识。 相似文献
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本文利用2010年枯季在珠江口进行的大、中、小潮LISST剖面及底边界层观测资料，分析了磨刀门河口枯季稳定存在的絮团三峰结构，即构建絮团的基本粒子的平均粒径约为8.3～9.0 μm，小絮团为36～100 μm，大絮团大于180 μm。小潮期，盐跃层捕集的悬浮泥沙以强絮凝过程为主，大絮团含量占优；中、大潮期，平均粒径普遍增大，絮凝占优。潮内的动力变化对絮团多峰结构及形态参数的影响不明显，絮凝与解凝处于动态平衡。结合坐底三角架的湍流资料和简化的群体平衡模型(Population Balance Equation，PBE)，进一步揭示了絮团变化的湍流动力机制。高流速下的强紊动剪切力，直接导致大絮团被破坏形成小絮凝体，絮凝体平均粒径减小，反之絮凝强于解凝作用。同时，基于高斯矩积分方法求解PBE，得到的粒径分布基本与观测值吻合，说明在有较好的现场湍流与粒径观测资料的条件下，PBE包含的湍流动力机制可以用来研究黏性泥沙的絮凝过程。 相似文献
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上海洋山建港后港域夏季水文泥沙状况分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对2007年9月17-26日在上海洋山港海域固定观测点(平均水深13 m)观测得到的水文泥沙要素,以及悬沙和底质样品分析.分析结果为:1)港域有效波高0.21-1.37 m(风速0.6～14.0 m/s),平均0.61 m(平均风速5.5 m/s).平静天气(平均风速小于5.0 m/s)下,波高随水深变化,两者的相关系数为0.899;而在强风天气下,波高受风况控制.2)最大表层流速超过2.00 m/s.大潮涨潮流占优势,小潮时落潮流占优势;与北岛链汉道封堵前相比,大潮涨、落潮平均流速分别减小15%和30%,小潮涨、落潮平均流速均减小30%～40%.各层余流均为西北方向,与涨潮流方向一致;垂向平均余流速0.11 cm/s,表层达0.25 m/s.3)离底高程1.35 m层和0.35m层最大悬沙浓度均大于3 kg/m3,两层平均悬沙浓度分别为0.89和0.95 kg/m3.无论大潮还是小潮涨潮悬沙浓度均大于落潮,这种现象在大潮时更为显著,潮周期中最大悬沙浓度出现在涨急.与工程前相比悬沙浓度明显降低,大、小潮降低均达20%.4)港区底质平均粒径9.0μm,工程后有变细的趋势. 相似文献
8.
长江口最大浑浊带是陆海交汇的核心区域,其航槽是扼海-河联运的咽喉,悬沙峰的涨落潮周期变化深刻影响航槽的稳定性。本文利用长江口南槽上、中、下段3个站点枯季小潮和大潮的流速、盐度、悬沙平均粒径和悬沙浓度的实测资料,分析最大浑浊带悬沙峰特征及其动力机制。发现:流速和滩槽交换增强导致大潮平均悬沙浓度比小潮增加了0.78—1.97倍,絮凝也导致憩流底层悬沙浓度增加8%左右,但流速和絮凝与悬沙浓度的关系均非线性。大小潮盐度梯度与底层悬沙浓度关系呈现高线性相关关系,表明盐度梯度强化或突变是泥沙再悬浮形成悬沙峰的主要动力。 相似文献
9.
长江口细颗粒泥沙的絮凝特性试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
笔者取长江口铜沙浅滩的沉积物,配制成浓度为7.5克/升的悬浊液,利用沉降天平观察,分析了不同盐度下絮凝临界粒径、临界盐度即絮凝体峰值粒径达最大的临界盐度和絮凝体沉速达最大的临界盐度。絮凝体的沉速和在静水环境下絮凝趋于完全所需要的絮凝时间。 相似文献
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通过用自制沉降柱研究小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)在表层不同光强作用下纵向沉降特性以及分布规律, 为进一步了解水库中小球藻的纵向分布提供参考。实验室培养的小球藻按其直径可分为小于4.5 μm、4.5～5.5 μm、大于5.5 μm 3 个等级, 不同粒径的小球藻在不同光强的作用下沉速不同; 实验条件下小球藻的沉速分布在0.1～468.2 μm/s, 均值为32.8 μm/s; 小球藻的沉降速度随沉降柱表层光强增强而降低, 无光状态下时沉速是表层光强为10 000 lx 的2～3 倍; 小球藻直径大小与沉速呈正相关, 直径4.5～5.5 μm 的小球藻沉速是3.5～4.5 μm 的5~6 倍; 沉降稳定后实验柱中小球藻从表层至底层粒径逐渐变大, 除底层外小球藻在纵向峰值随光强增加而向下延伸, 如实验柱表层光强为1 000 lx 和4 000 lx时小球藻峰值出现实验柱表层, 而表层光强为7 000 lx 和10 000 lx 的实验峰值分别出现在水下300 mm和600 mm 处。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献