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1.
Qian Jiangchu 《海洋学报(英文版)》1999,(2):257-266
I~D~IONThe numerous research results on the deep-sea manganese nodules show that the most valuable metal elements such as Cu, Ni are mainly concentrated in the manganese minerals, which only take about 15% Of the weight in the total manganese nodules, therefore, many marine scien.tists pay more attention in their research on the manganese minerals rather than the other mineralsin the deep-sea maganeses nodules.There are more than tens of different kinds of manganese mineral phases in the nod… 相似文献
2.
A widespread distribution of hydrothermal and hydrogenetic manganese deposits is described in the results of the Hakurei‐Maru cruises conducted in the Bonin Arc areas of the West Pacific from 1984 to 1989. Manganese deposits occur in the active volcano chains, back‐arc basins, remnant back‐arc ridges, and oceanic seamounts. The hydrogenetic iron‐manganese deposits commonly form earthly black crusts and nodules on the topographic highs of inactive ridges and old seamounts, sometimes as thick as 10 cm. They are always composed of the iron‐manganese mineral vernadite. Co and Ni contents are relatively high in the crusts from the seamounts in the open Pacific Ocean (up to 1.1% Co and 1.0% Ni). Two generations of distinct chemistry and texture are typical of these crusts, which can be compared to reported thick crusts from the Central Pacific seamounts. The hydrothermal deposits, characterized by dense, submetallic, and gray appearance, are dominant in the recent and also in past submarine volcanoes of the island‐arc systems. Evidence of past hydrothermal activity was ascertained as fossil hydrothermal manganese deposits inside the hydrogenetic nodules or beneath the hydrogenetic crusts over the Tertiary island arc. Their component minerals are considered to be todorokite and bimessite (stable and contractible upon dehydration), having almost negligible amounts of Fe, Si, Al, Ni, Co, Zn, Pb, Cu, etc. In the small model site, the Kaikata Seamount hydrothermal area, the presumably recent hydrothermal activity has yielded thin slabs of pure manganate deposits growing downward within volcanic and sand layers. Early diagenetic influence is negligible on nodules of this area. 相似文献
3.
1nm锰矿相结构稳定性的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对在潮湿状态和经室温干燥后的人工合成Slnm锰矿相进行X衍射测定结果显示:1nm锰矿相与0.7nm锰矿相之间存在某种相变关系,那些结构不稳定的S1nm锰矿相,由于干燥等原因而失去层间-OH-H2O层,而使原先的1nm相“崩塌”成为0.7nm锰矿相.1nm锰矿相结构稳定性主要是由被结合进层间的Cu、Co、Ni等二价金属阳离子的特性与数量所决定的,其所含的金属阳离子的数量与其锰矿相的结构稳定性呈正相关,而不同的金属阳离子在稳定1nm锰矿相的结构的能力的大小可排列为:Ni>Cu>Co>Zn>Ca≥Mg>Na. 相似文献
4.
过渡金属元素Cu、Co、Ni在铁锰结核(壳)中富集的控制因素 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在不同生成环境下生成的铁锰结核(壳)吸收不同的过渡金属元素。在成岩作用形成的铁锰结核中,Cu、Ni主要以锰相形式存在,而Co则以铁相的形式存在;在水成作用形成的铁锰结核(壳)中Cu、Co、Ni均以锰相的形式存在。这些过渡金属元素在成岩作用形成的结核中的存在与铁锰结核(壳)中锰矿物和铁的氧化物、氢氧化物的晶体化学特征密切相关,而在水成作用形成的铁锰结核(壳)中的富集与锰矿物和铁的氧化物、氢氧化物的晶体化。学特征关系不大。同时铁锰结核(壳)中锰矿物和铁的氧化物、氢氧化物又严格地受结核(壳)的生成环境的制约,因此,过渡金属元素Cu、Co、Ni在铁锰结核(壳)中的富集在一定程度上受结核(壳)生成环境的控制。 相似文献
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6.
The contents of Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb and Zn in manganese nodules and associated pelagic sediment from the Northern Central Pacific have been measured, and the correlations between the elements of the nodules and between the chemical composition and the sedimentary environments have been analyzed. It has been found that Cu, Ni and Zn are preferentially enriched in the Mn-oxide phases while Co and Pb in the Fe-oxide phases of the nodules. The elements within the same phase are positively correlated and the elements within different phases are negatively correlated. It is concluded that the elements in the Fe-oxide phase may have directly deposited from seawater while Mn-oxide phase elements are mainly derived from interstitial waters. 相似文献
7.
The contents of Fe, Mn, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb and Zn in the seaiment associated with manganese nodules from the Northern Central Pacific Ocean and in their acid-soluble fractions were determined and correlations among the elements and between the trace metals and environmental parameters were discussed. It has been found that the contents of Mn, Cu and Ni in the sediment are one order of magnitude higher than those in the common sediment. As shown in the manganese nodules, they may mainly derive from seabed. The contents of all trace metals in the sediment are obviously governed by Fe-and Mn-oxides, organic matter, seawater depth, particle size and Eh. Multi-element correlation equations were developed for all trace metals. The trace metals in acid-soluble fraction of the sediment were also much higher than ihose of common sediment and negatively correlated with water depth, implying the possible influence of carbonate speciation. 相似文献
8.
于１９８６－１０９９年由海洋四号调查船的ＨＹ４－８６１,８７１,８８１三个航次采集的锰结核样品中选出３７个以老结核或老结核碎块为核心的结核,进行研究,划分出３个结核世代,并大致确定其生长期：第一世代结核的生长期是在早中新世（〈２０Ｍａ）;第二世代结核形成于早中新世－晚中新世（〉６Ｍａ）;第三世代结核的生长期是在上新世－第四纪。同时对老、新世代结核的矿物成份和化学成份进行成析,并得出,老世代结核比新 相似文献
9.
In the Central Indian Basin manganese nodule abundance was variable in all sediment types. Mean abundance varied from 1.5 in calcareous ooze to 10.2 kg/m2 in terrigenous-siliceous ooze sediments. Nodule grade and growth rates are positively correlated only up to 10 mm/My (million years), and grade shows no distinct relationship with abundance. Relationships between the morphochemical characteristics of the nodules and host sediment types are subtle. Both hydrogenetic and diagenetic nodules (with smooth and rough surfaces respectively) occur on almost all sediments, but in variable proportions. Thus, the overall distribution pattern shows that small nodules (<4-cm diameters) of lower grade (average value Ni+Cu+Co=1.21%) with smooth surfaces are more common on red clay, terrigenous, and terrigenous-siliceous ooze transition-zone sediments. By contrast, large nodules (>4-cm diameters) of higher grade (average value Ni+Cu+Co=1.80%) with rough surfaces are more prevalent on siliceous ooze, siliceous ooze-red clay, and calcareous ooze-red clay transition-zone sediments. This implies an enhanced supply of trace metals from pore waters to rough-surface nodules during early diagenesis. 相似文献
10.
南沙海槽南部海区表层沉积物重金属元素含量及其影响因素 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
南沙海槽南部海区表层沉积物重金属元素表现为亲陆性,丰度为:Ba>Sr>Zn>Ni>Zr>Pb>Cr>Cu>Co,浓集程度为Ba>Sr>Cr>Zr>Pb>Zn>Co>Ni>Cu,元素Cu-Zn,Cu-Ni,Cu-Ba及Ba-Zn呈明显正相关,Cu,Ni,Ba,Zn,Cr与水深变化关系较为密切。元素与CaCO3含量、氧化物含量、粒度组成的相关系数表明:（1）Pb,Co,Zr,既存在于陆源碎屑矿物晶格中,又以吸附状态被黏土吸附,还受碳酸盐沉积影响。（2）Sr,主要受生物碳酸盐沉积作用影响。（3）Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr,Ba,主要受黏土的吸附作用及铁锰氧化物的影响。 相似文献
11.
Buried nodules from siliceous sediments in the central Indian Basin are morphologically variable and mineralogically consist
ofd-MnO2 and incipient todorokite. Compositionally they are weakly diagenetic. The sediment coarse fractions (>63 μm) at different
depths show variable abundances of micronodules, volcanic glass shards and biodebris. Dissolution of biodebris increases and
abundance of micronodules decreases with increasing depth. Enrichment in Mn, Fe, Cu, Ni, Co, together with a decrease in organic
carbon in the sediment column, may result from diagenetic metal remobilization. Diagenetically remobilized trace metals might
have been utilized for the growth of micronodules over the buried nodules.
The details of the chemical analyses of buried nodules and associated sediments can be obtained from the first author. 相似文献
12.
南海铁锰结核(壳)的元素地球化学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用南海11个铁锰结核(壳)样品的化学分析资料,研究了铁锰结核(壳)中Fe,Mn,Cu,Co,Ni,Pb,Zn,Cr,K,Na,Ca,Mg,Si,P,Al,Ti,Sr,Ba及∑REE的元素地球化学特征。结果表明:(1)铁锰结核(壳)以高Fe,∑REE,低Mn,Cu,Co,Ni等元素为主要特征;(2)铁锰结核(壳)中Fe,Mn间无明显相关,而Fe与∑REE,∑Ce,∑Y呈弱的正相关,Mn与∑REE,∑Ce,∑Y呈明显的正相关,结壳中Fe,Mn与Si,Al,Cu Co Ni呈负相关;(3)结核(壳)中Mn/Fe与Cu/Ni,Ce/La呈负相关,Mn/Fe主要受Mn控制;(4)结核(壳)中Fe,∑REE等元素主要来自南海陆源中酸性岩类的风化、淋滤和沉积。 相似文献
13.
Manganese nodule distribution is primarily influenced by seafloor topography. Nodule distribution at 479 locations vis‐à‐vis seabed topography is studied by superimposing sampling location on the topographic profile and assigning appropriate domain (hilltop, valley, slope, or plain) for the sampling location. Highest mean abundance is observed at the valleys (6.94 kg /m2), followed by hilltops, slopes, and least on plains. Frequency distributions are regular (Gaussian) on plains, whereas on valleys and hilltops they are irregular (Rayleigh type). Fe and Co content is highest in nodules from hilltops and lowest in those from plains. Conversely, Mn, Cu, and Ni content is highest on plains and least on valleys. Fe: Mn and Co: Mn are negatively correlated in all the domains. Mn and total metal content (Ni + Cu + Co) show direct relationship in all the domains. An inverse relation between nodule abundance and composition is found. Cluster analysis on chemical and abundance data shows two distinct groups in all domains. Abundance and Fe and Co content typically form one group, while all other elements form another group. Genesis of nodules depends on the availability of supply of transition elements to the abyssal environment, maintenance of nodules in the sediment‐water interface, and sedimentation rates. 相似文献
14.
Recently published distribution patterns have shown that in the Atlantic Ocean Mn, Ni and Co tend to be concentrated in those deep-sea sediments deposited in a central zone which extends down the length of the ocean. The present paper shows that these trace elements are also concentrated in certain clays from the south-west region of the North Atlantic. This region is rich in manganese nodules, and analyses reveal that the non-lithogenous fractions of some of the clays approximate to those of the nodules in composition. It is suggested that these clays have acquired their relatively high concentration of non-lithogenous trace elements from sea water by processes associated with the formation of manganese nodules. 相似文献
15.
A sampling expedition has shown that largely hydrogenetic marine ferromanganese deposits occur in the Christmas Island region south of Java (~10°S), as small nodules on seamount slopes and abyssal plains (red clay), and as thick crusts on volcanic ridges and seamounts. Vernadite is dominant, with birnessite, jacobsite and todorokite common. Nodules were recovered in 25% of free-fall grab stations in water 4600-5900 m deep, and are not abundant where present. The nodules average 9.6% Fe, 19.7% Mn, 0.51% Ni, 0.49% Cu, and 0.12% Co. Crusts are common in water 1450-3700 m deep, with average deposition rates of 1-1.5 mm / m.y. The crusts average 13.9% Fe, 16.2% Mn, 0.35% Ni, 0.11% Cu, and 0.44% Co. Cobalt grades are higher (~0.8%) in shallower water ( < 2500 m), so future exploration should concentrate on depths of 500-1500 m near the oxygen minimum zone. 相似文献
16.
深海铁锰结核能有效记录海域内重大地质事件和气候环境信息,且富含多种金属物质极具资源潜力,因而广受关注。通过对帕里西维拉海盆西侧边缘中段海域内新发现的12个站位铁锰结核的地球化学特征研究,发现与全球主要成矿区内的铁锰结核相比,Mn及主要赋存在锰氧化物中的Ni、Cu、Mo的含量较低(分别为8.20%~25.24%、0.11%~0.54%、0.08%~0.31%和0.01%~0.03%),主要由铁的羟基氧化物吸附的Ti,以及还会与钙磷酸盐发生耦合置换反应的REY的含量较高(分别为0.45%~1.88%、0.04%~0.19%),含量中等的Co(0.06%~0.27%)在铁锰相物质和硅酸盐相内核中分散分布。样品REY的标准化配分模式显示出明显一致的Ce正异常和Y负异常。铁锰结核从海水中捕获的Ce^3+容易被氧化成难溶且不具有活性的Ce^4+,Y则在结核内存在形式不稳定,容易发生解吸,致使Ce和Y分别呈现出相对于其他REY逐步富集和亏损的特征。研究区形成时间较晚,铁锰结核生长发育的时间不足,且四周地形较高,缺乏与外界连通的水道,阻碍了诸如来自南极的富氧底层流的大规模进入。区域内结核样品主要为水成型,成岩成因组分的供给太低,降低了主要有用组分的含量。以上诸多因素可能会导致区域内的铁锰结核难以富集成矿。 相似文献
17.
The contents of oxyanionic elements (V, Se and Mo) and cationic transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) in sediments from near-shore to deep-sea environments were measured to clarify factors regulating the distribution of these elements in marine sediments. For cationic transition metals of which contents increase from near-shore to deep-sea environments, the chemical composition of pelagic clays is modeled by a mixture of aluminosilicates having the chemical composition of average shale and Fe–Mn oxides having the chemical composition of associated manganese nodules. The content of V is fairly constant in sediments from near-shore to deep-sea areas. The mixture model of average shale and manganese nodules holds also for V, although most of the V is located in the aluminosilicate lattices. The content of Se in the near-shore sediments is higher and that in the deep-sea sediments is lower than that in average shale. The high content in the near-shore sediments is interpreted as the addition of biogenic materials to aluminosilicates with average shale composition and the low content in deep-sea sediments is explained by oxidative release of Se from aluminosilicates. The content of Mo in sediments increases from near-shore to deep-sea environments. The general distribution of Mo in marine sediments is expressed by the mixture model. An anomalously high content of Mo in a near-shore sediment is attributed to adsorption of molybdate on manganese oxides. 相似文献
18.
采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定了厦金海域8种珊瑚中Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sn、Sb、Pb重金属的含量,通过数据处理、主成分分析方法,分析了重金属分布特征和其主要来源。采用单因子污染指数法对珊瑚重金属的污染水平进行了评价。结果表明,其平均浓度水平从大到小依次为:ZnMnSnCrCuAsNiPbSbCdCo。在8种珊瑚中,星柳珊瑚(Astrogrogia sp.)、等柳珊瑚(Paris fruticosa)、Paraplexaura sp.的重金属含量较高,花柳珊瑚(Anthogorgia sp.)和Guaiagorgia anas的含量较低。台湾海域珊瑚中Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni的含量、委内瑞拉海域珊瑚中Zn、Pb、Ni的含量远高于厦金海域珊瑚体内相同重金属含量,大堡礁珊瑚中Cu含量较厦金海域的略高。通过相关性分析发现,Cr、Co、Ni、Zn和Sn的种间差异较为显著。根据主成分分析,厦金海域珊瑚体内重金属元素可能的污染来源有:农业污染、港口生活污水和工业污水的排放、船舶油漆、涂料侵蚀、电镀工业。单因子污染指数法评价结果表明,6种重金属元素中,大佰屿、白哈礁和角屿的主要污染物是Mn。白哈礁、大佰屿站位的珊瑚体内重金属Mn处于重度污染水平,角屿站位的处于中度污染水平。 相似文献
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20.
Noburu Takematsu 《Journal of Oceanography》1979,35(1):36-42
Experiments of sorption of Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn on manganese oxides, hydrated ferric oxide, Na-montmorillonite and treated red clay are carried out in connection with the mechanisms by which transition metals are removed from seawater in marine environments.The order of sorption affinities of transition metals for Na-montmorillonite, treated red clay and hydrated ferric oxide is Mn相似文献