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黄海、东海上空春季气溶胶光学特性观测分析 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：11
2003年春季国家卫星海洋应用中心等几家单位在黄海和东海海区进行了为期40 d的二类水体信息测量试验,试验中使用手持太阳辐射计对海区上空大气光学特性进行了观测,并获得了大量晴空天气条件下的大气光学数据.利用本次试验获取的测量数据得到了黄海、东海海区春季的大气气溶胶光学特性,其中包括气溶胶光学厚度和气溶胶粒子谱分布.采用Langley方法对测量得到的太阳直射辐射量进行处理得到了海区上空气溶胶光学厚度,利用得到的气溶胶光学厚度来反演气溶胶粒子谱分布.反演结果表明无云情况下黄海、东海上空的气溶胶光学厚度在0.2~0.4左右,且气溶胶粒子谱分布的变化趋势也很接近;海区上空霾层较厚时测量得到的气溶胶光学厚度明显增大,最大接近0.8;气溶胶粒子谱分布的变化趋势发生了明显的变化. 相似文献
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气溶胶光学厚度的时空变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在大气中气溶胶微粒是一种重要的大气微量成分。气溶胶光学厚度也是大气校正所需的重要大气参数，同时也是海洋水色卫星主要的数据产品。由于气溶胶光学厚度的时空变化较大，所以如何准确获取大气校正和卫星数据产品真实性检验所需的气溶胶光学厚度则是至关重要的。在简述气溶胶光学性质的基础上，并结合2002年6月HY—1南海实验数据来阐述现场气溶胶光学厚度的准确获取。 相似文献
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气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)是表征大气浑浊程度的关键的物理量,也是确定气溶胶气候效应的重要因素。本文以环渤海区域为例,首先利用太阳光度计观测数据对MODIS数据气溶胶光学厚度产品进行验证分析,暗像元法反演结果最好;然后基于2005年1月至2019年2月MODIS暗像元法反演结果分析环渤海地区气溶胶光学厚度的时空分布。结果表明:环渤海地区AOD分布呈现出明显的季节变化,春夏季节气溶胶处于高值区(0.7-0.9),秋冬季节处于低值区(0.2-0.5),AOD高值区主要分布于北京、天津及河北和山东交界地区。气溶胶分布特征可能与沙尘天气、季风变化和工业生产生活的污染物排放有关。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(8)
基于SBDART辐射传输模式,利用POM-02型天空辐射计观测和反演获得的气溶胶光学参数计算地面总辐射,并与CM21辐射表的观测结果对比以探讨晴天地面总辐射模拟的误差来源。结果表明:地面总辐射对气溶胶单次散射比和水汽柱含量的敏感性较强,模拟中对这2个因子减少50%会分别造成地面总辐射量增加56.99W/m2和减少25.45W/m2。在准确输入水汽柱含量基础上变换大气廓线对地面总辐射计算结果影响甚微。相关性及多元线性回归分析表明,天顶角、气溶胶单次散射比和光学厚度是地面总辐射相对误差的主要来源。利用上述3个因子建立回归方程,回归结果与地面总辐射相对误差的相关系数为0.486(通过了置信度0.01的显著性检验),说明回归方程能够准确的计算相对误差,利用该方法可以对本站模式计算结果进行修订。 相似文献
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气溶胶的光学厚度与反射率比的处理方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
气溶胶光学厚度与气溶胶反射率比都是大气校正所需的重要大气参数，同时也是海洋水色卫星主要的数据产品，它们的测量精度将直接到卫星数据产品正演的精度和卫星数据产品的应用。文章在简述气溶胶光学厚度与气溶胶反射率比的基本测量原理和处理方法的基础上，结合多次试验数据结果进行简要的评价。 相似文献
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在卫星数据反演气溶胶光学厚度产品的基础上,讨论了二次反演大气柱中气溶胶粒子密度的问题.通过理论分析,利用多波段气溶胶光学厚度提取大气柱中气溶胶粒子密度是可行的,并指出能否准确确定多波段气溶胶光学厚度会直接影响粒子密度的反演结果.定义并分析了气溶胶粒子消光体积权重系数随粒子半径的变化,表明从气溶胶光学厚度中反演大气柱中气溶胶积聚模态和粗模态粒子密度的结果是可信的.利用SeaWiFS气溶胶光学厚度产品,运用蒙特卡罗法反演了2002年我国海域上空大气柱中积聚模态和粗模态气溶胶粒子密度,结果表明,积聚模态粒子密度比粗模态的高2~3个量级,它们的空间分布趋势一致;我国近岸海域大气柱中气溶胶粒子密度高于离岸海域的;春季气溶胶粒子密度高于其他季节的,特别在黄海、东海海区是如此. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
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This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
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Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献