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对海底沉积之沉积相和沉积环境的调查研究是海洋沉积学的一个重要内容。在大陆架的特定地段上,沉积环境的改变往往反映着古地理的演变或海陆变迁的状况。但是,由于目前海上调查设备的限制,所研究之沉积环境及其反映的海陆变迁历史一般只限于第四纪,甚至是第四纪晚期的沧桑变化。尽管如此,这方面的调查研究工作也还是做的很不够的。 在研究沉积相和沉积环境过程中,主要是研究那些保存于沉积物中的各种具有指“相”意义或能反映沉积环境的一些标志。如各种古生物(动物和植物)化石群落,沉积物的各种物理特征,沉积结构和构造,矿物学和地球化学标志等。由于水体的覆盖,海洋沉积物是保存上述标志 相似文献
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采用ROMS模型研究了珠江口蕉门南水道枯季时的局部高盐度现象。表明这一现象在大潮期发育显著,而小潮期则不明显。从动力机制上解释了这一现象的成因,揭示其形成原因为大潮期的平流输运强,涨潮时的潮程远大于凫洲水道的长度,以及大潮期径流相对较小,有利于虎门的高盐度水体输运至蕉门水道。此外,大潮期由于洪奇沥与横门来的淡水在涨潮期向北输运而导致蕉门南水道口门处盐度较低。并进一步分析了这一现象的存在对蕉门南水道水体分层、河口环流及物质输运的意义。 相似文献
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天津新港地面下沉和海平面上升引起强潮频率增加 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来,天津沿海地区可造成灾害的强潮发生的频率,较历史上有明显增加的趋势。其主要原因是,天津为滨海松软沉积地层,由于过量开采地下水资源,引起地面下沉和海平面上升;使工程设施标高减小,抵御强潮能力下降。 1985年8月19日8509号台风,时逢农历七月初四天文大潮(潮高4.22m)。在天文潮最高潮位与台风最大增水还不完全叠加的情况下(台风增水最高水位稍迟2小时左右),塘沽新港实测最高水位5.41m,增水极值1.38m,淹泡码头0.2～0.45m;东大沽受淹,水深达0.5～2m。直接经济损失约7000万元。 1992年9月1日,16号台风侵袭塘沽、汉沽、大港及天津新港码头货场。根据国家海洋局塘沽 相似文献
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在淤泥、粘土等软地层地区,工程建筑大多采用桩基加固。长期来工程建筑界采用静压法来测定桩基的承载力,虽有测试数据可信的优点,但也存在测试费用昂贵、速度缓慢、施工不安全等明显的缺陷。 1983年被国际土力学会与基础工程学会(ISSMFE)作为具有发展前途的方法而推荐的动测法,是一种新的测试方法。国家海洋局第二海洋研究所地球物理室在有关单位研究的基础 相似文献
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获取近岸水体中悬浮物浓度及相关信息对于理解和管理海洋环境相当重要。历史上对于悬浮物浓度的监测往往通过费时费力的出海观测,而这种观测具有很大的局限性,每次观测只能获取一个站位的信息。为了更快更有效的获得即时悬浮物浓度相关信息,很多新的监测手段及相关科技被开发及应用。各种机载,卫星载遥感设各被用于获得及时,全面的沉积物信息... 相似文献
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电磁测深法是电法勘探的一个分支。其场源可以利用天然电磁场(大地电磁测深法),在陆地上已广泛应用于地壳—上地幔深部构造与地球物理的研究。在研究方法和手段上均已成熟,并取得相当重要的成果。在陆地上,从地面向地下发射电磁波,在不同距离外的地面上,接收从地下反射回来的电磁波进行地质探测,也已经有多年的历史;利用为潜艇通讯导航的长波台所发射的甚低频电磁波,可探测大的断层、破碎带、石墨化地层和矿化带。对地层电导率的探测已经成为物探金属矿体最重要的方法。 上述办法,并不完全适于海底地质探测,这是由于海水对电磁波具有强烈的吸收作用, 相似文献
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基于2011年12月和2012年6月洪、枯季大潮北港上段河道水域的现场水文观测资料,以及1999、2002、2003、2004、2005、2006、2007、2010年历史水文测验资料,分析潮流历时、流速、优势流和含沙量等水沙现状和变化特征,并探讨近年来该水域水沙变化的主要影响因素。结果表明:(1)目前北港上段河道水域落潮占主导优势;青草沙水库和长江大桥建成后,落潮优势明显增强,洪季大潮涨、落潮垂线平均含沙量减少,枯季大潮涨、落潮垂线平均含沙量增多;(2)流域径流量的季节性变化是造成北港上段河道水域垂线平均流速洪季大、枯季小的主要原因;大型工程的建设是该水域落潮优势增强的主要影响因素;北港上段河道水域含沙量变化可能与近岸工程建设、入海泥沙量减少等因素有关。 相似文献
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B.T.波戈罗夫曾径在“海洋与湖沼”1卷1期上发表的“海洋浮游生物调查方法的标准化”这篇文章中,主要地介绍了一些浮游生物分布的研究方法。这些方法,适用于远离海岸的深水地区。因此,对于沿海地区和浅海(渤海、黄海和北部湾等)说来,波戈罗夫所提出的方法是不适用的。所以,中国科学院海洋研究所曾对上述方法提出了许多宝贵的修改,这些修改的内容是在浅海以及用小船进行浮游生物调查工作时必须考虑的。1958年8月 相似文献
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The effects of spring-neap tide on the phytoplankton community development in the Jiaozhou Bay, China 总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3
The development of the phytoplankton community was studied in the Jiaozhou Bay during the spring to neap tide in August 2001, through three cruises and a 15 d continuous observation. This investigation indicates that diatom cell abundance increased sharply following the end of a spring tide, from 9 cells/cm^3 to a peak of 94 cells/cm^3. The dominant species composition and abundance show a quick species sequence from spring to neap tide, and the dominant species at the start phase is Skeletomena costatum, then changes to Chaetoceros curvisetus, finally it changes to Eucampia zodiacus. Silicate concentration increases during spring tide, as a result of nutrient replenishment from the water-sediment interface, its initial average concentration in neap tide is 1.39μmol/dm^3 and reached the peak average concentration of 8.40μmol/dm^3 in spring tide. But the nitrogen concentration dropped due to dilution by the low nitrogen seawater from the Huanghai Sea, its initial average concentration in neap tide is 67μmol/dm^3 and decreased to the average concentration of 54μmol/dm^3 in spring tide. The degree of silicon limitation was decreased and phytoplankton, especially diatoms, responds immediately after nutrient replenishment in th ewater column. Skeletonmea costatum, as one of the dominant species in the Jiaozhou Bay, shows a quicker response to nutrient availability than Eucampia zodiacus and Chaetoceros curvisetus. It is proposed that dominant species composition and water column stability synchronously determine the development of phytoplankton summer blooms in the Jiaozhou bay. 相似文献
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滩涂匡围海堤选线对邻近涵闸排水的影响分析--以条子泥西侧岸滩仓东片匡围为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
淤泥质海岸后方大面积的低地平原主要通过海岸上建设的涵闸排水,潮滩匡围对沿海涵闸排水的影响是围垦工程必须解决的问题。文章以条子泥西侧岸滩仓东片匡围为例,探讨了不同堤线方案下邻近闸下流槽各种落潮水量组成及其维护闸下排水能力的有效性。结果表明,合理的滩涂匡围堤线方案,在平均潮汛及一般大潮汛时对邻近闸下排水能力影响较小,而在风暴潮或秋季大潮汛时有一定影响,但可以通过若干次冲淤保港来解决。 相似文献
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珠江三角洲地区铊浓度的研究对粤港澳大湾区水资源保障具有重大意义。本研究在珠江河口河网选取了11个断面, 分别于枯水期和丰水期的大小潮四个水文时段对其表、中、底层进行同步采样和监测。分析了珠江河口与河网中铊的暴露情况以及其时间和空间的分布, 采用自组织映射神经网络(self-organizing maps, SOM)基因表达聚类分析的方法对528个铊浓度监测数据进行拟合。此外, 本研究基于潜在生态风险评价方法, 选取相应的系数, 运用SOM模型, 对珠江河口河网铊的潜在生态风险进行评估。结果表明, 珠江河口与河网铊的暴露水平整体上较低, 铊的浓度在空间上呈现为磨刀门>石龙>马口>伶仃洋>虎门>三水, 而在时间上则表现为丰水期小潮>丰水期大潮>枯水期大潮>枯水期小潮。SOM聚类分析结果表明, 珠江河口河网整体上潜在生态风险属于较低水平, 各断面的潜在生态风险程度从高到低依次为磨刀门>马口>石龙>伶仃洋>虎门>三水。本研究表明SOM聚类分析方法适合于重金属污染物聚类分析。 相似文献
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长江口北支悬沙浓度在潮周期内和大小潮周期尺度的变化特征及输运研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Profiles of tidal current and suspended sediment concentration(SSC) were measured in the North Branch of the Changjiang Estuary from neap tide to spring tide in April 2010. The measurement data were analyzed to determine the characteristics of intratidal and neap-spring variations of SSC and suspended sediment transport. Modulated by tidal range and current speed, the tidal mean SSC increased from 0.5 kg/m3 in neap tide to 3.5 kg/m3 in spring tide. The intratidal variation of the depth-mean SSC can be summarized into three types: V-shape variation in neap tide, M-shape and mixed M-V shape variation in medium and spring tides. The occurrence of these variation types is controlled by the relative intensity and interaction of resuspension, settling and impact of water exchange from the rise and fall of tide. In neap tide the V-shape variation is mainly due to the dominant effect of the water exchange from the rise and fall of tide. During medium and spring tides, resuspension and settling processes become dominant. The interactions of these processes, together with the sustained high ebb current and shorter duration of low-tide slack, are responsible for the M-shape and M-V shape SSC variation. Weakly consolidated mud and high current speed cause significant resuspension and remarkable flood and ebb SSC peaks. Settling occurs at the slack water periods to cause SSC troughs and formation of a thin fluff layer on the bed. Fluxes of water and suspended sediment averaged over the neap-spring cycle are all seawards, but the magnitude and direction of tidal net sediment flux is highly variable. 相似文献
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Impact of the eastern water diversion from the south to the north project on the saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary in China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The south to the north project(WDP) on the saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary is studied by the improved three-dimensional(3D) numerical model.The net unit width flux in the Changjiang Estuary as well as the sectional salt flux is calculated in the North Branch(NB),the South Branch(SB),the North Channel(NC),the South Channel(SC),the North Passage(NP) and the South Passage(SP),respectively.The net seaward water flux in the SB is reduced,and the net water flux spilling over from the NB to the SB is enhanced after the eastern WDP.Under the mean river discharge condition in the dry season,the net salt flux spilling over from the NB to the SB is increased by 2.09 t/s and 0.52 t/s during the spring and neap tides,respectively,due to the eastern WDP.The saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary is enhanced by the eastern WDP.Compared with that during the spring tide,the net water diversion ratio during the neap tide in the NC is smaller,and thus the enhancement of the saltwater intrusion by the eastern WDP is smaller in the NC,and larger in the NP and the SP.The tidally averaged surface salinity at the water intakes of the Dongfengxisha Reservoir,the Chenhang Reservoir and the Qingcaosha Reservoir rises both during the spring and neap tides. 相似文献
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Investigation of saltwater intrusion and salinity stratification in winter of 2007/2008 in the Zhujiang River Estuary in China 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Saltwater intrusion is a serious environmental problem in the Zhujiang River Estuary(ZRE),which threatens the water supply of fifteen million people.The hydrological observations as well as meteorological and tidal forcing in the winter of 2007/2008 were analyzed to examine the saltwater intrusion in the ZRE.The observational results suggest that the maximum vertical difference of salinity can reach 10 in the Humen Channel during neap tide,but is very small in the Hengmen Channel.The vertically averaged salinity from time series stations during spring tide is higher than that during neap tide.A three-dimensional finite difference model was developed based on the environmental fluid dynamic code(EFDC) to study the mechanism of saltwater intrusion and salinity stratification in the ZRE.By analyzing the salt transport and the temporal variation of saltwater intrusion,the authors found that the net salt transport due to the estuarine circulation during neap tide was more than that during spring tide.This caused salt to advance more into the estuary during neap tide.However,saltwater intrusion was stronger during spring tide than that during neap tide because the spring-neap variation in salt transport was small relative to the total length of the saltwater intrusion.The physical mechanism causing this saltwater intrusion was investigated by a series of sensitivity experiments,in order to examine saltwater intrusion in response to river discharge and winds.The freshwater source was a dominant influencing factor to the saltwater intrusion and controlled salinity structure,vertical stratification and length of the saltwater intrusion.The prevailing northeast monsoon during winter could increase the saltwater intrusion in the ZRE.Though the southwest wind was unfavorable to saltwater intrusion during spring tide,it could increase stratification and saltwater intrusion during neap tide. 相似文献
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In order to determine the design tide levels in the areas without measured tide level data, especially in the areas where it is difficult to measure tidal levels, a calculation method based on a numerical model of tidal current is proposed. The essentials of the method are described, and its application is illustrated with an example. The results of the application show that the design tide levels calculated by the method are close to those determined by long-time measured tide level data, and its calculation precision is high, so it is feasible to use the method to determine the design tide levels in the areas. 相似文献
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A three-dimensional semi-implicit finite volume numerical model has been developed and applied to study tidal circulation and salinity stratification in the region of Oujiang River Estuary, China. The model employs horizontally unstructured grids and boundary-fitted coordinate system in the vertical direction. Governing equations consisting of continuity, momentum, and transport equations are all solved in the integral form of the equations, which provides a better representation of the conservative laws for mass, momentum, and transport in the coastal region with complex geometry and bottom bathymetry. The model performance was firstly quantified with skill assessment statistics on the choice of different parameters and validated with observed tidal elevation, current velocity, direction and salinity data over a spring–neap tidal cycle collected in 2006. Numerical results show that the model with wetting–drying capability successfully simulated the tidal currents and salinity fields with a reasonable accuracy and indicate that the Oujiang River Estuary is a macrotidal estuary with strong tidal mixing. In addition, the model results also show that the Oujiang River Estuary is a well-mixed estuary during spring tide. Then, the numerical simulations were performed to compare the hydrodynamic process and salinity distribution before and after a river training, which was conducted by blocking the south branch of the Oujiang River mouth. The results reveal that with the only north access to the sea, the influence of the blocking project on the flood discharge capacity is limited and the incremental velocity is beneficial to the navigation channel maintenance, although it will cause some scour to the embankment. Furthermore, the redistribution of tidal prism passing in or out the north branch makes a little severe salinity intrusion during high tide or low tide. However, the salinity intrusion is still within acceptable range, although it can cause some adverse effect on water intaking of production and life. The variations of salinity levels in Yueqing Bay situated at the north of the river mouth are not obvious, so the blocking project will not bring damage to local aquiculture. However, significant changes of salinity happen inside or outside of the south branch, so enough attention need to be paid to the changes of environment caused by the salinity variation after the blocking project. Overall, by weighing advantages and disadvantages of the blocking project, it is feasible and the model can be considered as a tool for managing and studying estuarine circulation. 相似文献
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潮滩泥沙的输运过程是河口近岸泥沙输运的重要组成部分,也是诊断潮滩侵蚀-淤积的重要动力指标,特别是在地貌演变过程显著的区域更具指示意义。本研究选择长江口崇明岛东北部潮滩,在2018年3月30日—4月10日进行三脚架多参数观测,获取了高分辨率的流速、含沙量等剖面数据,运用机制分解法分析了连续21个潮周期的泥沙输运过程。结果表明:崇明东北侧潮滩观测站位的含沙量从观测开始至大潮阶段不断增大,在此期间底部含沙量也出现了最大值(7.82 g·L~(-1))。大潮过后直到小潮期间含沙量逐渐减少;观测站位单宽净输沙量有着明显的潮周期差异,从数量上看,大潮期间的单宽净输沙量为1.61×10~4kg·m~(-1),中潮期间为8.28×10~3kg·m~(-1),均远远大于小潮期间的单宽净输沙量,从方向上看,则具有大潮和小潮向口内,中潮向口外的泥沙净输运方向差异;大潮和中潮内的单宽输沙率均大于0.17 kg·m~(-1)·s~(-1),远大于小潮时的单宽输沙率。对各项输沙机制的结果分析来看,"潮泵效应"对输沙量的贡献最大,平流输运次之,而由于水深较浅,垂向环流对输运量影响较小。在观测期间出现了显著的从潮滩向主槽的泥沙输运。总体上看,潮滩泥沙输运过程指示了显著的向口内和主槽的泥沙输运,是北支河口区域泥沙淤积的重要来源。 相似文献