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1.
在实验室条件下对厦门海域4种主要养殖贝类,僧帽牡蛎、菲律宾蛤仔、缢蛏和翡翠贻贝的滤水率进行研究.结果表明:(1)这4种贝类的滤水率范围为54～74.8cm3/(g·min),滤水率大小顺序依次为僧帽牡蛎、缢蛏、翡翠贻贝、菲律宾蛤仔;(2)单位体重滤水率与个体大小之间呈负幂函数关系(FR=aWb,FR'=aWb-1),b-1值范围在-0.435 6～-0.392之间;(3)僧帽牡蛎和菲律宾蛤仔对中肋骨条藻的滤水率高于对塔马亚历山大藻和锥状施克里普藻的滤水率;(4)僧帽牡蛎和菲律宾蛤仔滤水率与藻类密度之间呈现负幂函数关系(FR'=aDb-1),其b-1值分别为-0.143和-0.215 2. 相似文献
2.
四种滤食性贝类滤食器官鳃的扫描电镜观察 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用扫描电子显微镜技术对海湾扇贝、栉孔扇贝、太平洋牡蛎、菲律宾蛤仔４种滤食性养殖贝类的滤食器官鳃的形态结构进行了观察和比较。结果表明：１、４种贝类的鳃纤毛是极其发达的,鳃丝内侧分布大量的粘液细胞;２、海湾扇贝、栉孔扇贝鳃丝的侧纤毛不如太平洋牡蛎和菲律宾蛤仔的发达,太平洋牡蛎鳃丝内侧纤毛很发达;３、４种贝类鳃丝之间的距离都大于２０μｍ,鳃丝间距排序为菲律宾蛤仔＜海湾扇贝＜栉孔扇贝＜太平洋牡蛎。从电镜观察的结果看,贝类的取食与鳃的结构及鳃丝上纤毛的运动密切相关。 相似文献
3.
2012年7月,在荣成天鹅湖用自行研制的沉积物捕集器现场测定底内动物菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)和底上动物长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的生物沉积速率,以建立潮间带贝类生物沉积的现场测定方法,并评价两种贝类对潮间带生态环境的影响。结果表明:各组内沉积物重量差异不显著,处理组与对照组的沉积物重量差异显著(F=58.047,P=0.000),测得的生物沉积速率与文献具有可比性,因此可以推测新型生物沉积物捕集器适用于浅水区(潮间带),能够准确测定生物沉积速率。在平均水温18.8°C条件下,菲律宾蛤仔和长牡蛎都具有较高的生物沉积速率。壳长(25.0±1.5)mm、软体干重(0.12±0.03)g的菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积速率为(44.92±4.12)mg/(ind·d);壳长(29.8±1.3)mm、软体干重(0.23±0.05)g的菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积速率为(54.84±7.77)mg/(ind·d);壳长(98.8±14.1)mm、软体干重(3.94±0.66)g的长牡蛎生物沉积速率为(1069.01±212.24)mg/(ind·d)。作为天鹅湖海区两种典型贝类,据估算,每平方米面积内的蛤仔和长牡蛎每天分别将29.9g、15.0g的悬浮颗粒物通过滤食和排粪沉积到底层,增强了水层-底栖系统的耦合作用。 相似文献
4.
采用线粒体16S rRNA和COI序列扩增和测序方法,对隶属于缀锦蛤亚科5属7种动物进行了系统学分析.经Clustal x多重比对和PAuP 4.10 软件分析,得到种间序列的遗传距离并构建了邻接(NJ)系统树.实验数据显示,缀锦蛤亚科为遗传连续的同源类群,其中的浅蛤属(Gomphina)、缀锦蛤属(Tapes)和蛤仔属(Ruditapes)亲缘关系较近,结果与Fischer-Piette等(1971)的缀锦蛤亚科的分类方案基本一致.另外,菲律宾蛤仔R.philippinarum 和杂色蛤仔 R.variegata是蛤仔属在印度洋和太平洋海区的一个组群,尽管两种贝类有明显的重叠分布区和相近的贝壳形态,但二者间的16S rRNA 和COI序列遗传距离均达到了物种间差别.结果支持庄启谦(2001)有关菲律宾蛤仔与杂色蛤仔的形态分类及分布区划分的观点. 相似文献
5.
根据2005年4月和10月厦门市贝类生产环境区划调查资料,着重对僧帽牡蛎(Saccostrea cacullata)、菲律宾蛤仔(Rudita Pesphilippin adams)、泥蚶(Tegillarca grannosa)和缢蛏(Sinonvacula cucullata)的软体部、胃含物、外套膜、卵、肌肉和外套腔液中的重金属含量进行探讨和研究.结果表明,厦门4种养殖贝类体内Cu,Pb,Cd和Zn的湿质量比分别为0.88～60.3 mg/kg,0.12～0.48 mg/kg、0.04～0.72 mg/kg和12.4～163.5 mg/kg,平均湿质量比分别为16.3,0.24,0.38,63.9 mg/kg.在不同养殖水域,同种贝类体内重金属的含量差异较大,在相同养殖水域贝类体内重金属的平均含量种间差异也较大.4种贝类的胃舍物中重金属的平均含量最高,外套膜和软体部次之,外套腔液含量最低.根据<无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量的标准,对4种贝类体重金属的污染程度进行评价,结果表明,僧帽牡蛎、菲律宾蛤仔和缢蛏体中重金属的含量均未超标,但泥蚶体内Cd的含量略微超标. 相似文献
6.
砷是具有类金属特性的污染物,不同赋存形态的砷毒性差异极大,海洋贝类由于其生活习性易于富集高浓度的砷,本研究以菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)为对象,探讨其在亚砷酸盐(arsenite,AsⅢ)和砷酸盐(arsenate,AsⅤ)暴露14天后的生物富集和转化规律。结果表明,菲律宾蛤仔对砷的积累量随海水中无机砷浓度的升高而逐渐增加。但菲律宾蛤仔鳃组织对砷的生物利用度很低,10μg/L暴露组菲律宾蛤仔鳃组织对砷的积累量与对照组相比无显著差异。菲律宾蛤仔对三价砷的生物利用度高于五价砷,且砷更易于在菲律宾蛤仔肝胰腺中积累。菲律宾蛤仔组织中无机砷转化过程主要包括As(Ⅲ)氧化,As(Ⅴ)还原和甲基转化。在对照组和各暴露组有机砷砷甜菜碱(As B)和二甲基胂酸(dimethylarsinic acid,DMA)是主要赋存形态,一甲基胂酸(monomethylarsonic acid,MMA)在100μg/LAs(Ⅴ)暴露处理后含量显著下降,表明在无机砷的限速转化反应中MMA可以较快地代谢或转化为其他赋存形态。无机砷在菲律宾蛤仔鳃组织中主要转化为DMA,肝胰腺中主要转化为As B。以上研究结果为阐明菲律宾蛤仔的生物富集和转化机制提供了重要依据,同时也可为贝类安全养殖和食用提供一定理论依据。 相似文献
7.
菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapesphilippinarum)是重要的海洋经济贝类和海水养殖品种,具有较强的表型可塑性特点,不同地理群体之间存在表型差异。本研究根据实测数据建立了胶州湾与天鹅湖菲律宾蛤仔壳长(SL)与壳高(SH)、壳宽(SW)和活体重(W)的回归方程,定量分析了两个地理群体的形态学差异。由于其近似圆形的形态使得所能测量的外部指标较少,限制了传统形态测量学在其地理群体判别中的应用。本研究提出了将传统形态测量学和广义线性模型(GLM)相结合的方法,建立了判别菲律宾蛤仔地理群体的逻辑斯蒂(Logistic)回归方程。结果表明:菲律宾蛤仔的天鹅湖群体比胶州湾群体具有更高的SH/SL和SW/SL比值,壳形椭圆较圆且隆起程度高,"凸"形明显;基于GLM模型的Logistic回归能够快速准确地判别菲律宾蛤仔的地理群体归属,判别正确率高达94.23%。本研究为双壳类物种地理群体判别提供了新的分析方法和技术手段。 相似文献
8.
胶州湾双壳类壳体中的Ca,Mg,Mn,Sr元素组成及影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨影响双壳类元素组成的可能因素,从胶州湾沿岸不同取样点采集黄海近海常见的菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapesphilippinarum)、褶牡蛎(Oystrea denselamellosa)和紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis),分别测量了3种壳体的矿物物相类型和壳体中的Ca,Mg,Mn,Sr元素组成。研究表明:3种壳体分别属于文石质、方解石质和混合质壳;Ca,Mn元素含量在菲律宾蛤仔、褶牡蛎和紫贻贝壳体中没有差别,而Mg元素含量在菲律宾蛤仔壳体中含量较低,在褶牡蛎壳体和紫贻贝壳体中含量较高,Sr元素恰好与Mg元素相反。双壳类壳体中元素组成主要受壳体矿物物相类型的制约,而与水体环境要素之间的关系弱。 相似文献
9.
为了解TYR基因与蛤仔免疫的关系,本实验利用荧光定量PCR技术研究了菲律宾蛤仔五个群体(白蛤、白斑马蛤、斑马蛤、养殖和野生群体)的鳃组织和肝胰腺组织在LPS胁迫下TYR基因在不同时间(0 h、3 h、12 h、24 h、48 h)的表达特性。结果表明,在LPS注射后鳃组织中TYR6基因表达水平在白蛤和白斑马蛤3 h、6 h、12 h,野生蛤仔3 h,斑马蛤3 h、6 h,养殖群体6 h、12 h显著上调(P0.05),3h野生蛤仔和斑马蛤达到峰值, 6 h白蛤、白斑马蛤、养殖群体达到峰值(P0.05);在肝胰腺中,养殖群体和白斑马蛤6 h,白蛤6 h、24 h,野生群体24 h,斑马蛤3 h显著上调, 3 h野生蛤仔和斑马蛤达到峰值,6h养殖群体、白蛤、白斑马达到峰值(P0.05);鳃组织中TYR10基因表达水平在白蛤、野生群体和白斑马蛤3 h,养殖群体3 h、6 h,斑马蛤3 h、12 h显著上调(P0.05),肝胰腺组织中TYR10基因表达水平在白蛤3 h,野生群体3 h、6 h、12 h,斑马蛤、养殖群体6 h显著上调(P0.05),推测TYR基因在五个菲律宾蛤仔群体的鳃和肝胰腺中参与了免疫应答。通过对TYR基因的氨基酸序列进行二级结构分析和系统发育树分析,找到两个铜离子结合位点和6个组氨酸残基,并发现TYR6基因和长牡蛎同源性最高,为39.43%, TYR10基因和大珠母贝同源性最高,为51.04%。本文首次探讨在LPS胁迫下菲律宾蛤仔TYR基因的表达特性,为进一步探究TYR基因与菲律宾蛤仔免疫应答机制提供参考。 相似文献
10.
动物性饵料对脉红螺(Rapana venosa)幼体的吸引性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用生态学方法进行了新鲜和煮熟的动物性饵料对脉红螺(Rapana venosa)浮游幼体的吸引作用研究。结果表明, 脉红螺浮游幼体在4螺层期是食性转换期, 且在幼体到达3螺层后期的第1—6天是投放附着基和动物性饵料的最佳时期。此外, 新鲜和熟的双壳贝类肉对脉红螺幼体有明显的吸引力, 吸附于新鲜贝肉上的4螺层幼体占吸附幼体总数的48.61%, 显著大于其它螺层幼体; 脉红螺幼体选择新鲜紫贻贝肉的比例为33.75%, 显著大于菲律宾蛤仔(24.08%)、中国蛤蜊(18.97%)和长牡蛎(23.19%); 而熟贝肉中, 长牡蛎对幼体的吸引作用显著大于紫贻贝、菲律宾蛤仔、中国蛤蜊、海湾扇贝边粉和空白对照; 新鲜紫贻贝和熟长牡蛎肉具有作为脉红螺幼体食性转换期动物性饵料的开发潜力。 相似文献
11.
胶州湾贝类体内29种元素含量的分析研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从胶州湾不同污染程度的几个地点采集贻贝,蛤仔和牡蛎,通过用中子活化分析技术和原子吸收法,测得它们体内的２９种元素的组成,通过比较元素组成的差异性,初步分析了样品所在地的环境现状,该项研究是中国环境标本库海洋方面的重要部分。 相似文献
12.
Effects of toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense on the energy budgets and growth of two marine bivalves 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Harmful algal blooms (HAB) may impose a serious threat to aquatic lives and human health. We determined the effects of a toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense (clone ATCIO1, isolated from Hong Kong coastal waters) on the energy budget, quantified as scope for growth (SFG), and the growth rate of the manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum and the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis. To quantify the SFG, clams and mussels were dosed with different amounts of toxic A. tamarense for 6 days, resulting in different toxin burdens in the tissues. Clearance rate, absorption efficiency, and respiration rate were subsequently measured in these toxin containing bivalves. Clearance rate significantly declined at the highest toxin burden in the clams only, while there was no significant difference in the clearance rate among different treatments for the mussels. The respiration rate of either bivalve was not significantly affected by toxin accumulation in the tissues. In contrast, the absorption efficiency of both clams and mussels decreased, in a concentration-dependent manner for mussels but not for clams, when the tissue accumulated the toxins. With an increase in paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin burden, SFG in both clams and mussels was significantly reduced, primarily because of the decrease of absorption efficiency. The growth rate of juvenile clam R. philippinarum, measured as an increment in tissue dry weight over a 15 d exposure period, was significantly lower during their feeding on toxic dinoflagellate than the growth rate of clams feeding on the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. The juvenile mussel P. viridis, however, exhibited similar growth rates after feeding on the toxic dinoflagellates and the nontoxic diatom. This study showed that SFG can provide a sensitive and integrated measure of the effect of HAB on the physiology of bivalves. Clam R. philippinarum may be more sensitive, in terms of their energy budget, to PSP toxin accumulation than the mussel P. viridis. 相似文献
13.
Capture fisheries and aquaculture provide a large quantity of bivalve molluscs for human consumption in Thailand each year. The existing information on trace elements in these bivalves is fragmentary and contradictory. This paper reports data for eight metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, nickel, mercury and zinc) in the four major species marketed. These are the clam Pahia undulata, the cockle Anadara granosa, the green mussel Perna viridis and the rock oyster Crassostrea commercialis. The bivalves analysed were taken at markets or in the field to cover as many of the major sources as possible. The results indicate no major threat to public health from trace elements in these species from Thailand and lend confidence to the expansion of aquaculture operations. In particular, the levels of lead found in the samples analysed are considerably lower than those previously reported by other authors. 相似文献
14.
15.
Bivalve molluscs have been used as monitors of marine pollution because they concentrate xenobiotics of many kinds in their tissues. Marine pollutants often produce stress responses such as reduced scope for growth, lysosomal destabilization, altered immune responsiveness and other sequelae. The ability of bivalves to metabolize organic compounds via mixed-function oxygenases (MFO) was demonstrated by the epoxidation of aldrin1 and benzo[a]pyrene (BP);2 this work has been corroborated and extended in many subsequent studies. Biotransformation of BP and other environmental procarcinogens can generate either activated or detoxified metabolites. In this paper the BP metabolites produced by digestive gland homogenates of the clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) and the oyster (Crassostrea virginica) are described. Control bivalves produced the proximate carcinogen (BP 7,8-dihydrodiol), as well as various minimally reactive BP diols and monohydroxylated metabolites. Seven days after injection of the potent inducer of mammalian MFO, Aroclor 1254, BP 7,8-diol production was augmented in Mercenaria, and atypical quinones and phenols were seen in both species. However, in the Ames bacterial mutagenicity assay, homogenates from Aroclor-treated clams failed to activate benzo[a]pyrene. The biological significance of BP metabolism in bivalves is unknown; however, it may prove to be a useful index of pollution. 相似文献
16.
乐清湾泥蚶肉营养成分的分析及评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
对乐清湾泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)肉营养成分进行了分析。结果表明，乐清湾泥蚶肉(干基)粗蛋白含量为67．75％；蛋白质氨基酸评价为85．4分，色氨基酸是惟一的限制性氨基酸。在蛋白质氨基酸组成中。以呈鲜味、甘味或与之有关的谷氨酸、冬氨酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸6种氨基酸含量最高，占氨基酸总量的46．71％；不饱和脂肪酸含量也相当高．尤其是高度不饱和脂肪酸C20：5(EPA)和C22：6(DHA)，占脂肪酸总含量的31．62％；此外还含有多种人体必需的维生素、无机盐、微量元素等多种成分。 相似文献
17.
Five species of marine phytoplankton, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Chaetoccros minutissimus, Platymunas suhcordiforinis, Nitzschia sp. and Dunaliella sp. were analyzed for the contents of total nitrogen, free amino acid and total amino acid. Their total nitrogen content was relatively high, ranging 3.37-7.6% and the total amino acid content 15.1-36.0%, Glu, Asp, Leu, Ala, Arg, and Gly being the main components. The free amino acid content in two species, Dunalietta sp. and Nitzschia sp. ranged 0.13-0.30%, in which Arg, Ala, Glu, and Asp were predominant. The crude protein in phytoplankton is high enough to be comparable with that of higher classes of seaweed such as Porphyra and Laminaria. 相似文献
18.
牡蛎不同组织细胞核DNA含量比较 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
以太平洋牡蛎新鲜的鳃、闭壳肌及性腺组织为试材,利用流式细胞计分别测定三个组织细胞核ＤＮＡ的含量。其中,鳃及闭壳肌组织细胞核ＤＮＡ相对含量在个体间及组织之间比较恒定,而性腺组织细胞核ＤＮＡ含量受温度影响比较大,个体间差异明显,且与鳃及闭壳肌组织细胞核ＤＮＡ含量均呈明显差异。结果说明,鳃及闭壳肌组织是测定牡蛎细胞核ＤＮＡ含量用于倍性鉴定的理想试材。 相似文献
19.
We have previously demonstrated that medaka CYP3A is associated with metabolism of several endobiotics including steroids and bile acids. In this study, we demonstrate that medaka CYP3A catalysis exhibits unusual kinetic behaviors consistent with allosteric interaction which cannot be described by hyperbolic kinetic models. Using 7-benzyloxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)-coumarin (BFC) and nonylphenol as CYP3A substrates, we describe both homotropic and heterotropic cooperative interactions. Given the role of CYP3A in maintaining the homeostatic balance for numerous endobiotics, enzymatic activation/inhibition by endocrine disruptors (EDCs) represents a putative (non-genomic) mechanism for endocrine disruption. 相似文献