共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
水土分离生态综合治理泥石流方法探讨——以青岛市崂山区河东村泥石流治理为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2005年9月12日,青岛市崂山区河东村发生泥石流地质灾害,其周边大面积山坡仍存在潜在泥石流隐患,有再次发生泥石流的可能。通过对河东村泥石流"致灾因子"和"主灾因子"分析,得出该区发生泥石流的短历时雨强指数KH为1550.8。泥石流产生的物源条件和水源条件是缺一不可的,是水土共同作用的结果,为避免河东村再次发生泥石流,将水土分离是至关重要的。根据现场实际情况,综合考虑各方面因素,摸索出适合河东村泥石流水土分离生态综合治理方法,即地表、地下水土分离—生物生态治理—拦挡工程相结合方法,该方法在投资少、不影响风景区景观基础上,根本治理河东村泥石流发生。 相似文献
2.
刘希林 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1995,15(3):93-104
泥石流扇的平面形态可用规划的几何图形来模拟。在研究了中国西南地区小江流域和意大利东北部阿尔卑斯山区的５２个泥石流扇的基础上，本文提出了两种泥石流扇的平面形态：中国西南地区的“等腰三角形＋半圆形”泥石流扇和意大利东北部的“几何扇”。用统计分析建立了两组泥石流扇和泥石流流域之间的形态度量关系。通过两个研究区域的对比，两个流域参数：流域面积和主沟比降确定为影响泥石流扇平面形态和面积的最重要的因素。 相似文献
3.
中国西南山区的泥石流防治及展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
唐晓春 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1995,15(3):105-112
本文在前人相关研究的基础上，结合作者的研究工作，对以川西山地和滇北山地为主体的中国西南山区泥石流及其防治进行了综述。以城镇泥石流、铁路泥石流和公路泥石流防治为重点，分析了中国西南山区泥石流防治的原则、方案、措施和防治效益评估等方面的研究进展及存在的问题。以泥石流防治工程的规范化、标准化，泥石流防治工作的系统化和最优化以及泥石流紧急避难体制等方面展望了中国西南山区未来的泥石流防治工作。 相似文献
4.
台风暴雨落区研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《海洋气象学报》2017,(4)
台风暴雨最重要的两个因素是雨强和降雨分布,后者即为暴雨的落区。影响台风暴雨落区的因子主要有3个:1)台风涡旋内部结构;2)台风周围环境大气影响;3)台风下垫面强迫作用。本文对这3类因子的作用和影响作了总结。台风暴雨可分为台风环流内的暴雨和台风环流之外的暴雨两大类。本文把台风环流内的暴雨概括为5个落区,包括眼壁暴雨、螺旋雨带暴雨、小涡暴雨、倒槽暴雨、切变暴雨。把台风环流之外的暴雨分为台前飑线暴雨、远距离暴雨和变性下游效应暴雨。地形可能会改变两类暴雨的强度和落区。本文对每一个落区的暴雨特点和形成机理作了总结,对台风暴雨业务预报有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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基于多普勒天气雷达、区域气象观测站、常规观测和NCEP再分析数据等,利用三维雷达拼图技术对2018年第18号台风"温比亚"造成的山东暴雨中尺度特征进行分析。研究表明:台风"温比亚"造成的山东暴雨,不同阶段雨强特征有较大差异,长时间强降雨是造成灾害性暴雨的主要因素;此次台风暴雨雨团具有很强的移动特征,是否形成"列车效应"是造成灾害性暴雨的重要因素;雷达三维拼图数据可以清晰识别和分析暴雨过程中尺度雨团的移动、合并和发展规律,这些对准确监测预报暴雨的发生至关重要。 相似文献
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中国地质灾害危险性分析与灾变区划 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
根据中国崩塌－滑坡、泥石流、岩溶塌陷活动程度和形成条件，建立区域地质灾害危险性分析模型；据此，以县（市、区、旗）为单元，逐个计算地质灾害综合危险性指数，分析中国地质灾害危险性分布特征；结合区域地质自然条件，将中国大陆划分为七大地质灾害灾变区和若干亚区，论述了各区地质灾害危险水平和主要活动特性。 相似文献
9.
用天气动力学和统计学相结合的方法。以地面影响系统为主要依据。对1983-2000年6-8月青岛地区的40次暴雨进行分型，分为气旋，台风和冷锋三种类型，根据预报经验，选取相应的预报因子，建立0-1权重回归方程，预报青岛地区未来24h的暴雨，对于冷锋类暴雨，本文认为来自低纬度西南低空急流是水汽，涡度的输送通道，它向暴雨区提供了暴雨所需的水汽和能量，因此把它列为起始场条件，因子选取了代表水汽，位势不稳定，能量的物理因子。统计得出；冷锋类暴雨方程的准确率为13/14（92.9%)。用此方法对1980年6-8月进行试报。没有出现空漏报现象，效果较好。 相似文献
10.
登陆的台风环流暴雨是沿海地区重要的暴雨类型之一，降雨量大，范围广，危害大。本文应用诊断分析的方法，以1999年8月11日发生在山东半岛中东部大范围暴雨过程为实例，就暴雨发生前一般性降水时的环境场与暴雨发生时的环境场做了对比分析。结果表明，暴雨发生时均比暴雨发生前一般性降水时：低空辐合和高空辐散增强，低层水汽能量辐合及对流不稳定性增大，低空垂直环流发展。以上因子导致积云对流的发展。在弱垂直切变环境下，通过第二类条件不稳定(CISK)机制，使热带风暴减弱成的低气压环流维持，并促使中低压发生变化，使暴雨云团西行增强，暴雨增幅。 相似文献
11.
M. Felix S. Leszczy&#x;ski A.
l&#x;czka A. Uchman L. Amy J. Peakall 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009,26(10):2011-2020
Various transformation mechanisms can generate turbidity currents from subaqueous debris flows. Different transformation mechanisms have been described and interpreted in the past from laboratory experiments and from deposits, but the two approaches have not generally been linked. This has made the genetic interpretation and comparison of deposits difficult. In this paper a generic classification scheme of debrite–turbidite couplets is proposed based on transformation mechanisms inferred from laboratory experiments. Five different flow types (called A–E herein) and their resulting deposits are detailed, but they are all part of a continuous spectrum, and a mixture of types is likely to be found in the field. Type A flows are strong, dense debris flows that undergo little transformation. Their deposit will be a debrite overlain by a thin turbidite, which is separated from it by a clear grain size break. Type B flows are weaker and can develop waves at the debris flow-turbidity current interface. The deposit will be a debrite with a wavy top overlain by a turbidite that is thicker than for type A flows. For type C flows, the interfacial waves will grow so much that the debris flow disintegrates into separate parts. The deposit will consist of debrite lenses encased in a turbidite. Type D flows will undergo even more mixing than type C flows so that the debrite parts will be mixed. Their deposit will be a turbidite with laterally varying areas of debrite characteristics near the bed. Type E flows will be so transformed that the debris flow character has disappeared and the flow is a turbidity current with high sediment concentration. The deposit will be largely turbiditic. The flow types and deposits will be illustrated with some examples from two field areas: the Polish Carpathians and the French Maritime Alps. 相似文献
12.
Yi Rui 《Marine Geodesy》2019,42(3):246-262
Submarine debris flows have a significant impact on offshore and coastal facilities. The unique characteristics of submarine debris flows involve large mass movements and long travel distances over very gentle slopes. To improve our insight and knowledge of the basic mechanism behind submarine debris flows, an analytical model was derived for the mobility of submarine debris flows. This model takes into account the mass change of debris flows induced by deposition, stagnation pressure, and the topography of the depositional area. One case study on the Palos Verdes debris flow proves its ability to predict the run-out distance of a submarine debris flow to a reasonable level of accuracy. On the gentle slopes, the submarine debris flow progressively loses mass due to deposition, which in turn influences the flow velocity. In addition, the results show that the slope angle and spreading angle of the debris depositional zone play important roles in the sliding process. 相似文献
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为了研究海底滑坡对海洋单桩的冲击力大小,首先通过调整高岭土、粉砂的不同含量,得到不同流变特性、不同密度的碎屑流,采用Herschel-Bulkley模型和幂率模型对流体流变性质进行描述;随后利用自制海底滑坡模型槽,模拟碎屑流在不同流速和黏度下对模型桩的冲击;并结合流体力学理论,建立阻力系数与非牛顿流体雷诺数之间关系表达式。试验数据表明:碎屑流黏度和流速是影响海底滑坡冲击力的主要因素,海底滑坡冲击力随着泥浆黏度和流速的增加而增大。同时,考虑碎屑流剪切稀释特性,得到管桩阻力系数随雷诺数变化的拟合公式,为海洋桩基础设计提供参考。 相似文献
14.
In the last decade, offshore pipeline engineering extended its action field to very deep waters and continental slopes. This implied the necessity to deal with continental slope instability and mass gravity flows. Mass gravity flows are rare and have random occurrence; therefore, considering also the technical difficulties, the direct measurement of the phenomena is practically impossible. This has encouraged the development of physical and numerical models for investigating the characteristics and intensity of the phenomena (Proc. OTC Conf., Houston, TX (2000); Proc. 19th OMAE Conference, New Orleans, LA (2000)). In order to provide design activities with reliable predictive tools, two numerical models, one for debris flows and the other for turbidity currents, have been developed. The two models are coupled by the bottom boundary conditions of the turbidity current model that depends on the instantaneous velocity of the debris flow model. The two models used together provide a tool for the evaluation of a mass gravity flow event starting as a debris flow and evolving into a turbidity current. 相似文献
15.
Robert D. Jacobi 《Marine Geology》1976,22(3):157-173
A sediment slide complex has been mapped on the West African continental margin north of Dakar, Senegal. Four major slides covering approximately 44,300 km2 were delineated by seismic reflection profiles, 3.5 and 12 kHz echograms and piston cores. Although the slide areas have been altered by later erosion and deposition by turbidity flows, the major components of the slides — slide scar, zones of hummocky and blocky slide material and zones of debris flow — are recognizable. Cores containing flow folds with horizontal axial surfaces substantiate the echogram interpretations of debris flow. Morphology and depositional areas of the slides indicate that several major slide movements have occurred in each of the various slide areas. The triggering mechanism for these slides is perhaps earthquakes associated with the Cape Verde Islands, Cape Verde Plateau, and adjacent fracture zones. 相似文献
16.
南海热流特征及其构造意义 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
根据南海 592个热流数据 ,为克服热流站位分布不均及局部异常热流的影响 ,结合各单元的地质史及其地壳厚度等资料对研究区热流特征进行了详细分析。结果表明 ,具拉张背景的区域如北部陆缘、湄公盆地以及北巴拉望盆地具有中等偏高热流 ;海沟区热流相对较低 ,东部海沟区除台西南盆地外均为低热流区 ,而南部边缘东段古海沟区处于热恢复中 ;南部边缘西区因边界断裂的扭张及深部热源的异常补给而具高热流 ;属于剪切断裂带的西部陆缘也具高热流特征 ;中沙—西沙地区热流中等偏高 ,并由NW往SE方向增加 ,而南沙地区热流较低 ,约为 60mW·m- 2 ;海盆的热流基本满足随洋壳年龄增加而降低的规律 ,东部次海盆实测热流与理论预测基本一致 ,而西南次海盆实测热流普遍低于预测值 ;在南海北部下陆坡区识别出一条高热流带 ,该带与前人给出的海盆北缘断裂带位置基本一致。研究区不同区域地热特征直接或间接地受控于其所处的构造环境。据此 ,给出了研究区的热流趋势图。 相似文献
17.
We present field evidence from the Middle Eocene deep-marine Ainsa Basin, Spanish Pyrenees, to show channel-like features likely created by erosive subaqueous debris flows. Evidence from this basin suggests that the most erosive subaqueous debris-flows may create megascours removing up to ∼35 m thickness of sandy submarine-fan deposits from base-of-slope and lower-slope settings. This study suggests that individual debris flows may have been more erosive than turbidity currents, an observation that is opposed to many previous studies from the Ainsa Basin and other ancient deep-water clastic systems. In the Ainsa Basin, many of the debris flows deposited pebbly mudstones immediately above the basal erosion surfaces into which gouging flow-parallel grooves and pebble scours left isolated pebbles embedded in the immediately underlying sandstones. In one particularly well-exposed case, the sandstones immediately below the eroding debris flow were incorporated into it and preserved as sheared, disaggregated, brecciated, and partially liquefied sandstone beds within the pebbly mudstone. Our study suggests that erosion by large-volume debris flows in base-of-slope settings can be at least as important, if not more so, than turbidity currents in producing submarine megascours (probably chutes that, in cross section, superficially resemble submarine channels). This has important implications for understanding the erosivity of debris flows versus turbidity currents in modern and ancient environments, and it has significant implications for hydrocarbon reservoir continuity and heterogeneity, including the origin and recognition of mudstone-filled chutes or channels. 相似文献