共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
On the basis of the climatic array of hydrological annual and monthly average data on temperature and the data of satellite
observations of the surface temperature of the ocean, we refine the annual average structure of the temperature fronts and
study their seasonal variability in the east part of the Tropical Atlantic in the meridional sections made along 30, 20, and
10°W, 0°, and 10°E. It is shown that the maximum intensity and seasonal variations are typical of the North Subequatorial
and South Tropical Fronts varying with predominant annual period. We revealed a delay of 2–3 months in the attainment of the
maximum intensity of the South Tropical and South Subequatorial Fronts in the west-east direction. Various mechanisms specifying
the seasonal variability of the surface and subsurface North and South Subequatorial Fronts are discussed. There exists good
agreement between the specific features of the seasonal variability of characteristics of the fronts established according
to the hydrological and satellite data.
__________
Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 2, pp. 46–59, March–April, 2005. 相似文献
2.
The seasonal climatic circulation of the sea reconstructed on the basis of assimilation of new arrays of many-year average
hydrological data in a model is analyzed. Five layers are discovered in the structure of climatic currents in the sea in depth:
the surface Ekman layer (∼ 10 m), a layer with small vertical gradients of the kinetic energy (∼ 10–60 m), a layer with relatively
high vertical gradients of the kinetic energy (∼ 60–150 m), a layer with gradual decrease in the kinetic energy and intensification
(from 250–350 m) of the east cyclonic gyre and Batumi anticyclonic eddy (∼ 150–1000 m), and an abyssal layer characterized
by an almost barotropic velocity (∼ 1000–2000 m). The specific features of the seasonal evolution of currents at these depths
are investigated. It is shown that the key role in the formation of deep-water circulation of the sea is played by the south
east flow, east cyclonic gyre, and Batumi anticyclonic eddy.
__________
Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 6, pp. 28–45, November–December, 2005. 相似文献
3.
The first empirical orthogonal functions (EOF1s) of surface-air temperature fluctuations for Russia and its neighboring states
within the period 1950–2005 are analyzed. The spatial distribution of the EOF1, the first principal components (PC1s) of the
observed air temperature (averaged over the summer, July, December–March, and individual winter months), and their time variations
(including trend parameters, some spectral characteristics, and the quantitative indices of relation to circulation indices
(on the basis of multiple step-by-step regression)) are considered. Significant seasonal differences have been revealed: the
winter air-temperature fluctuations are characterized by a higher (when compared to summer) spatial coherence, especially
in the latitudinal direction. The EOF1 of the winter air temperature (averaged over December–March) describes its fluctuations
for almost all of Russia; in this case, no less than 70% of the PC1 variability is due to variations in several circulation
indices; the main contribution (60%) is made by both the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Scandinavian (SCAND) indices.
On the whole, over the periods 1951–2005 and 1971–2005, the NAO contribution exceeds the SCAND contribution to the winter
temperature variability; the NAO is associated with a more rapid increase in air temperature in 1968–1997 and with the 1971–2005
trend. In 1951–1970 the main contribution to air temperature fluctuations was made by SCAND; the SCAND contribution exceeds
the NAO contribution in the periods 1951–2005 and 1971–2005. The 1971–2005 and 1968–1997 temperature trends are completely
described by variations in the NAO (70%) and SCAND (30%) indices for January and February. 相似文献
4.
Vadlamudi Brahmananda Rao Emanuel Giarolla Clóvis Monteiro do Espírito Santo Sergio Henrique Franchito 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(4):551-560
A comparison of monthly wind stress derived from winds of NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National
Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis and UWM/COADS (The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee/Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere
Data Set) dataset (1950–1993), and of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and satellite-based QuikSCAT dataset (2000–2006), is made over
the South Atlantic (10°N–40°S). On a mean seasonal scale, the comparison shows that these three wind stress datasets have
qualitatively similar patterns. Quantitatively, in general, from about the equator to 20°S in the mid-Atlantic the wind stress
values are stronger in NCEP/NCAR data than those in UWM/COADS data. On the other hand, in the Intertropical Convergence Zone
(ITCZ) area the wind stress values in NCEP/NCAR data are slightly weaker than those in UWM/COADS data. In the South Atlantic,
between 20° S–40°S, the QuikSCAT dataset presents complex circulation structures which are not present in NCEP/NCAR and UWM/COADS
data. The wind stress is used in a numerical ocean model to simulate ocean currents, which are compared to a drifting-buoy
observed climatology. The modeled South Equatorial Current agrees better with observations between March–May and June–August.
Between December–February, the South Equatorial Current from UWM/COADS and QuikSCAT experiments is stronger and more developed
than that from NCEP/NCAR experiment. The Brazil Current, in turn, is better represented in the QuikSCAT experiment. Comparison
of the annual migration of ITCZ at 20° and 30°W in UWM/COADS and NCEP/NCAR data sources show that the southernmost position
of ITCZ at 30°W in February, March and April coincides with the rainy season in NE Brazil, while the northernmost position
of ITCZ at 20°W in August coincides with the maximum rainfall of Northwest Africa. 相似文献
5.
本文通过分析RAMA印度洋观测浮标系统锚系ADCP实测资料,对赤道中印度洋上层海流季节变化进行了研究。研究结果表明,0°,80.5°E纬向流垂向剖面呈现上150m层一致的东向流,而经向流在100m以浅呈现表层向北次表层向南的翻转流结构。赤道中印度洋上层纬向流季节信号被半年周期的东向射流Wyrtki Jets(WJs)所控制。WJs发生于季风方向转换的季节,4—5月份较弱,10—11月份较强。赤道中印度洋上层经向流年周期信号显著。北半球夏季与冬季分别出现风应力旋度驱动的Sverdrup南向流与北向流。本文结论为赤道中印度洋上层环流季节变化特征的研究提供了观测角度的支持。 相似文献
6.
We analyze the space-and-time variability of the meridional heat transport in the North Atlantic. The contribution of various
mechanisms to the integral meridional heat transport (MHT) is estimated. The key role played by the drift transport of the
Tropical Atlantic in the formation of the meridional oceanic heat transport is confirmed. On the basis of the general analysis
of estimations obtained by various authors according to the data accumulated for 1870–2008 and the results of numerical analyses
based on the data of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, we show that the long-term average meridional drift heat (mass) transport attains its maximum values equal to (1.6 ± 0.1)
PW [(17.4 ± 1.5) Sv] in the vicinity of 12.5°N in the Tropical Atlantic. The contribution of the heat transport caused by
the horizontal Sverdrup circulation to the integral meridional heat transport is maximum in the vicinity of 30° N. On the
average, it is equal to ∼ 40%. In the Subtropical Atlantic, the meridional heat transport varies with a period of ∼ 50–70 yr.
The minimum value of the integral meridional heat transport was attained in the mid-1960s and its maximum value was at attained
at the beginning of the 1990s. The location of the center of Azores pressure maximum makes it possible to conclude that the
intensification of the total meridional heat transport in the Subtropical Atlantic on these time scales is accompanied by
the displacement of the center of the North Subtropical anticyclonic gyre in the southwest direction. 相似文献
7.
热带大西洋表层环流及其月变化特征的分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用1993年4月至2001年3月的TOPEX/Poseidon卫星高度计遥感资料,分析了8 a平均热带大西洋(15°S～25°N,5°～50°W)表层环流结构的月变化特征.研究结果表明:热带大西洋表层环流中高纬度海区流速较小,赤道附近流速较大,表层环流系统大部分流系月变化不明显,部分流系月际波动较显著.具体来说,西南向的北赤道流下半年的纬向流速分量比上半年大.非洲沿岸流在5～11月流向为东北向,在其他月份主要为东南向.北赤道逆流可以分成两部分:25°W以东海区,北赤道逆流常年流向向东,到9月份前后流速达到最大值(约0.25 cm/s);25°W以西海区,7月至翌年1月流向向东,2～6月北赤道逆流减小,并有西向流产生.2°S～2°N,15°W以东海区的南赤道流在1～3月、9～10月流向向东,其他月份流向向西.南赤道流可认为是由南、北两支西向的海流构成,这两支海流的流轴分别位于6°S和1°N,在6～7月北支流速达到最大值0.6 m/s.南美洲纳塔耳东部西北向的北巴西海流流速月际变化不大,在5～6月份流速达到最大值0.3～0.4 m/s.相应的卫星风场遥感资料的分析表明热带大西洋表层环流结构的月变化特征与风场的分布及变化有较好的对应关系.用World Ocean Atlas 2001的月平均温盐数据反演出来的表层地转流场以及卫星跟踪ARGOS漂流浮标观测进行的对比验证表明,上述遥感分析的地转流场结果与水文数据以及海上观测结果一致. 相似文献
8.
We analyze the results of measurements of currents in the trains of internal solitons on the New-York shelf of the Atlantic
Ocean performed in the course of the Joint US/Russia Internal Wave Remote Sensing Experiment (JUSREX). It was discovered that
the thermocline is characterized by an almost monotonic anticyclonic variation of the direction of orbital currents in the
trains of solitons but the direction of waves in each train is practically constant. As a rule, the current significantly
deviates to the left from the direction of waves in the leading soliton and approaches the indicated direction in the rear
solitons of the train. The angular rotation current velocity corresponded to periods varying within the range 12–24h and,
on the average, was close to the local inertial period. It is shown that this rotation cannot be caused by the distorting
influence of advection of background shear currents but, most likely, is connected with the unknown properties of internal
solitons in the rotating ocean.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
9.
Yu. V. Artamonov N. P. Bulgakov P. D. Lomakin E. A. Skripaleva 《Physical Oceanography》2006,16(5):299-311
We study the seasonal and interannual variations of the field of sea-surface temperature (SST) in the Southwest Atlantic on
the basis of the analysis of three data arrays, namely, the Levitus-Boyer-1994 hydrological array, the WOD-98 actual database,
and the data of satellite measurements of SST. We perform the comparative analysis of the amplitude-phase characteristics
of the annual course of the SST field and discuss the distinctive features of its seasonal and interannual variations. It
is shown that the results obtained by using different data arrays are in good agreement. The values of the coefficient of
linear correlation are equal to 0.7–0.9. It is discovered that the maximum seasonal variations of SST are observed in the
zone of confluence of the Falkland and Brasil Currents in the vicinities of the South Subtropical and Antarctic Polar fronts.
The minimum seasonal variations are recorded in the Antarctic region and in the Weddell Sea. The satellite data demonstrate
that the level of interannual variability is high in the zones of climatic fronts.
__________
Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 5, pp. 62–76, September–October, 2006. 相似文献
10.
The meridional heat transport in the ocean is computed according to the data of zonal sections of the World Ocean Circulation
Experiment made in the North Atlantic in 1992–1998. We perform the generalized analysis of the estimates of meridional heat
transport obtained by different authors by direct methods on the basis of the data of sections made between 7.5 and 48°N in
the second half of the last century. The meridional heat transport averaged over the entire period of observations attains
its maximum (1.38 ± 0.19 PW) in the Subtropical Atlantic. The meridional heat transport is characterized by fairly intense
seasonal variability. Its maximum (about 1.9 PW) is observed in the Subtropical Atlantic at the end of summer and its minimum
(about 0.8 PW) is attained at the end of winter. A significant trend toward the intensification of meridional heat transport
is revealed near 36°N in 1959–1993 (from 0.75 to 1.1 PW). This is an indication of the intensification of meridional oceanic
circulation in the North Atlantic.
Dedicated to the 75th birthday of N. A. Timofeev, Honored Scientist of the Ukraine, Doctor of Geographical Sciences
__________
Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 1, pp. 45–58, January–February, 2007. 相似文献
11.
On the basis of processing of the oceanographic data accumulated for the water area of the North Atlantic in 1950–1999 (∼500,000
stations), we study seasonal and interannual variations of the principal characteristics of pycnocline within the range of
σt = 25.5–27.5 conventional density units. It is shown that the interannual oscillations of these characteristics in the entire
analyzed layer can be regarded as a superposition of fluctuations with periods from 2–3 to 10–12 yr. The typical ranges of
these fluctuations for the depths of occurrence of isopycnic surfaces and the corresponding temperature and salinity are equal
to 20–25 m, 1–1.5°C, and 0.25‰, respectively. The intensification of atmospheric circulation at middle latitudes is accompanied
by the simultaneous deepening of the pycnocline and its heating in the central part of the North Subtropical Anticyclonic
Gyre. At the same time, the process of weakening of the atmospheric circulation leads to the rise of the pycnocline and its
cooling. The complete cycle of interaction of the North-Atlantic Oscillation with the anomalies of isopycnic characteristics
(with regard for the period of their advection) is equal to ∼6–8 yr.
__________
Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 2, pp. 29–48, March–April, 2007. 相似文献
12.
We analyze the seasonal variability of the climatic hydrophysical fields of the Black Sea reporduced in three numerical experiments
carried out according to the model of circulation. The numerical predictions are performed for a period of 12.5 yr on the
basis of the hydrological data accumulated in 1983–1995. The monthly average climatic fields of the current speed are reconstructed
according to the data on the climatic fields of temperature and salinity by the method of hydrodynamic adaptation (standard).
It is shown that, in prognostic calculations, the seasonal variability of temperature and salinity is qualitatively close
to the “standard” dependence. At the same time, the quantitative difference between the climatic behavior of the model and
the standard dependence may be significant. The annual cycle of the currents is characterized by the intensification of the
Main Black-Sea Current in winter. The structure of the hydrophysical fields of the sea in the model becomes much more realistic
if it is based on the actual hydrological data.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
13.
On the basis of the contemporary array of oceanographic and hydrometeorological data, we compute the characteristics of variations
of the Gulf-Stream transport in 1950–2004. The role played by the low-frequency oscillations of vorticity of the wind field
and turbulent heat fluxes in the North Atlantic in the formation of the analyzed variations is estimated. We reveal a significant
(on a 5% confidence level) positive linear trend of the monthly average Gulf-Stream transport manifested in the increase in
the Gulf-Stream transport by 13 Sv for the investigated period. On the basis of the established estimates, we make a conclusion
that about a quarter of the interannual variations of the Gulf-Stream transport is caused by the low-frequency oscillations
of vorticity of the wind field in the Subtropical Atlantic. Moreover, the Gulf-Stream transport is delayed relative to the
wind oscillations by about 2 yr. An important role in the changes in the Gulf-Stream transport is played by the response of
the system of west boundary currents to the quasiperiodic action of turbulent heat fluxes on the surface of the ocean connected
with the North-Atlantic Oscillation. The intensification of turbulent heat fluxes in the Northern Subpolar Cyclonic Gyre and
their weakening in the north part of the Subtropical Anticyclonic Gyre are accompanied by the intensification of the Gulf
Stream observed after 3–5 yr. The anomalies of turbulent heat fluxes of the opposite sign are followed by weakening of the
Gulf Stream also after a period of 3–5 yr. We also mention a potentially important role played the Pacific decadal oscillation
in maintaining the decadal variations of the intensity of Gulf Stream. The influence of this oscillation on the Gulf-Stream
transport is realized both via the changes in the wind field in different phases of oscillations and due to its influence
on the heat exchange of the ocean with the atmosphere. 相似文献
14.
We have examined wind-induced circulation in the Sea of Okhotsk using a barotropic model that contains realistic topography
with a resolution of 9.25 km. The monthly wind stress field calculated from daily European Centre for Medium-Range Weather
Forecasting (ECMWF) Re-Analysis data is used as the forcing, and the integration is carried out for 20 days until the circulation
attains an almost steady state. In the case of November (a representative for the winter season from October to March), southward
currents of velocity 0.1–0.3 m s−1 occur along the bottom contours off the east of Sakhalin Island. The currents are mostly confined to the shelf (shallower
than 200 m) and extend as far south as the Hokkaido coast. In the July case (a representative for the summer season from April
to September), significant currents do not occur, even in the shallow shelves. The simulated southward current over the east
Sakhalin shelf appears to correspond to the near-shore branch of the East Sakhalin Current (ESC), which was observed with
the surface drifters. These seasonal variations simulated in our experiments are consistent with the observations of the ESC.
Dynamically, the simulated ESC is interpreted as the arrested topographic wave (ATW), which is the coastally trapped flow
driven by steady alongshore wind stress. The volume transport of the simulated ESC over the shelf reaches about 1.0 Sv (1
Sv = 106 m3s−1) in the winter season, which is determined by the integrated onshore Ekman transport in the direction from which shelf waves
propagate.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
To study the long-term variability of the thermohaline and dynamic characteristics of the Black Sea, we use three versions
of climatic fields, namely, the fields reconstructed in the model according to the old (1903–1982) and new (1903–2003) hydrological
climatic data arrays of temperature and salinity and according to the data of satellite altimetry. The analysis of the altimetry-based
climatic fields confirms the distinctions (established earlier according to the old and new data arrays) in the seasonal variability
of the integral characteristics of temperature and salinity and in the structures of hydrophysical fields in the sea. It is
shown that, in the winter-spring season, the thermohaline fields reconstructed according to the new and altimetry data arrays
are characterized by a small elevation of the halocline (pycnocline) and the upper boundary of the cold intermediate layer.
In all seasons, the altimetry-based surface geostrophic currents contain numerous mesoscale eddies with different signs of
rotation. Moreover, in all seasons, the Rim Current reconstructed according to the altimetry data is characterized by a narrower
jet almost along the entire its length. This jet is especially intense near the coasts of West Anatolia.
__________
Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 4, pp. 3–17, July–August, 2006. 相似文献
16.
The surface circulation in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean is investigated with the aim of describing intra-annual variations
near Palau (134°30′ E, 7°30′ N). In situ data and model output from the Ocean Surface Currents Analysis—Real-time, TRIangle Trans-Ocean buoy Network, Naval Research
Laboratory Layered Ocean Model and the Joint Archive for Shipboard ADCP are examined and compared. Known major currents and
eddies of the western equatorial Pacific are observed and discussed, and previously undocumented features are identified and
named (Palau Eddy, Caroline Eddy, Micronesian Eddy). The circulation at Palau follows a seasonal variation aligned with that
of the Asian monsoon (December–April; July–October) and is driven by the major circulation features. From December to April,
currents around Palau are generally directed northward with speeds of approximately 20 cm/s, influenced by the North Equatorial
Counter-Current and the Mindanao Eddy. The current direction turns slightly clockwise through this boreal winter period, due
to the northern migration of the Mindanao Eddy. During April–May, the current west of Palau is reduced to 15 cm/s as the Mindanao
Eddy weakens. East of Palau, a cyclonic eddy (Palau Eddy) forms producing southward flow of around 25 cm/s. The flow during
the period July to September is disordered with no influence from major circulation features. The current is generally northward
west of Palau and southward to the east, each with speeds on the order of 5 cm/s. During October, as the Palau Eddy reforms,
the southward current to the east of Palau increases to 15 cm/s. During November, the circulation transitions to the north-directed
winter regime. 相似文献
17.
N. G. Yakovlev 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2009,45(4):478-494
This paper presents the results of reconstructing the state of ice and snow covers on the Arctic Ocean from 1948 to 2002 obtained
with a couplod model of ocean circulation and sea-ice evolution. The area of the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean north of
65° N, excluding Hudson Bay, is considered. The monthly mean ice areas and extents are analyzed. The trends of these areas
are calculated separately for the periods of 1970–1979, 1979–1990, and 1990–2002. A systematic slight underestimation by the
model is observed for the ice extent. This error is estimated to fit the error of 100 km in determining the position of the
ice edge (i.e., close to the model resolution). In summer the model fails to reproduce many observed polynias: by observational
data, the ice concentration in the central part of the Arctic Ocean constitutes around 0.8, while the model yields around
0.99. The average trend for the area of ice propagation in 1960–2002 is 13931 km2/year (or approximately 2% per decade); the trend of the ice area is 17643 km2/year (or approximately 3% per decade). This is almost three times lower than satellite data. The calculated data for ice
thickness in the late winter varies from 3.5 to 4.8 m, with a clear indication of periods of thick ice (the 1960s–1970s) and
relatively thin ice (the 1980s); 1995 is the starting point for quick ice-area reduction. The maximum ice accumulation is
in 1977 and 1988; here, the average trend is negative: −121 km3/year (or approximately 5.5% per decade). In 1996–2002, the average change in the ice thickness constituted +1.7 cm/year.
This speaks to the relatively fast disappearance of thin-ice fractions. This model also slightly underestimates the snow mass
with a trend of −2.5 km3/year (almost 0.35 mm of snow per year or 0.1 mm of liquid water per year). An analysis of the monthly mean ice-drift velocity
indicates the good quality of the model. Data on the average drift velocity and the results of comparisons between the calculated
and satellite data for individual months are presented. A comparison with observational data from 1990–1996 in the Fram Strait
shows that the model yields 3.28 m for the average ice thickness against the observed value of approximately 3.26 m. For the
same period, the model yields a monthly mean transport of 291.29 km3 as compared to the observed value of 237.17 km3. A comparison between the measured and calculated drift velocities in the Fram Strait indicates that the model value is around
9.78 cm/s, which is comparable to the measured value of 10.2 cm/s. The existing problems with describing the ice redistribution
by thickness gradations are illustrated by comparing data on ice thickness in the Fram Strait. 相似文献
18.
Observations made during 50 days at nine buoy moorings in the equatorial Atlantic have been used to determine the fractal
and scaling characteristics of the Eulerian trajectories of currents. Within the temporal (1–10 days) and spatial range (10–100
km), the trajectories are shown to be isotropic and to have a scaling and fractal dimension that equals 1.2. The data are
interpreted in the context of two-dimensional turbulence. The paper examines the multifractal structure of the density of
kinetic energy dissipation, which is intermittent within the range from 4 to 100 km. The spectrum of singularities is determined
using the method of Legendre transformation of generalized Renyi dimensions, and spectrum parameterization is accomplished
using the universal family of Levy's random multifractal measures.
Translated by Vladimir A. Puchkin. 相似文献
19.
The sea surface temperature(SST) seasonal cycle in the eastern equatorial Pacific(EEP) plays an important role in the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) phenomenon. However, the reasonable simulation of SST seasonal cycle in the EEP is still a challenge for climate models. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of 17 CMIP6 climate models in simulating the seasonal cycle in the EEP and compared them with 43 CMIP5 climate models. In general, only CESM2 and SAM0-UNICON are able to successfully capture the annual mean SST characteristics,and the results showed that CMIP6 models have no fundamental improvement in the model annual mean bias.For the seasonal cycle, 14 out of 17 climate models are able to represent the major characteristics of the observed SST annual evolution. In spring, 12 models capture the 1–2 months leading the eastern equatorial Pacific region 1(EP1; 5°S–5°N, 110°–85°W) against the eastern equatorial Pacific region 2(EP2; 5°S–5°N, 140°–110°W). In autumn,only two models, GISS-E2-G and SAM0-UNICON, correctly show that the EP1 and EP2 SSTs vary in phase. For the CMIP6 MME SST simulation in EP1, both the cold bias along the equator in the warm phase and the warm bias in the cold phase lead to a weaker annual SST cycle in the CGCMs, which is similar to the CMIP5 results. However,both the seasonal cold bias and warm bias are considerably decreased for CMIP6, which leads the annual SST cycle to more closely reflect the observation. For the CMIP6 MME SST simulation in EP2, the amplitude is similar to the observed value due to the quasi-constant cold bias throughout the year, although the cold bias is clearly improved after August compared with CMIP5 models. Overall, although SAM0-UNICON successfully captured the seasonal cycle characteristics in the EEP and the improvement from CMIP5 to CMIP6 in simulating EEP SST is clear, the fundamental climate models simulated biases still exist. 相似文献
20.
V. V. Knysh G. K. Korotaev S. G. Demyshev V. N. Belokopytov 《Physical Oceanography》2005,15(3):142-160
We compare the thermohaline and dynamic characteristics of the Black Sea reconstructed by using two versions of climatic temperature
and salinity fields:old (1903–1982)and new (1903–2003). The fields are reconstructed with the help of continuous assimilation
of the climatic temperature and salinity in the model. It is shown that the climatic thermohaline fields constructed with
regard for the data of observations for the last 20 yr are characterized by an insignificant elevation of the halocline (pycnocline)in
the winter-spring period and the elevation of the upper boundary of the cold intermediate layer in the spring-summer period.
The intensity of surface geostrophic currents is greater than the same quantity computed on the basis of the old climatic
data for the whole year. The horizontal currents in the sea computed according to the new climatic data are more intense.
__________
Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 3, pp. 11–30, May–June, 2005. 相似文献