共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
自然海域中曼氏无针乌贼产卵亲体性成熟提前和小型化现象明显，这可能是一种适应性进化，人工干预背景下曼氏无针乌贼繁殖期行为的动态变化值得关注。2020年4-6月室内采用聚焦个体扫描法和定点连续记录法分别观察和记录了曼氏无针乌贼繁殖期的行为活动，并按其生活习性和行为的生物学功能等进行系统化分类，构建了繁殖期行为谱。结果表明，曼氏无针乌贼繁殖期行为谱主要包括三大类12种行为：（1）游泳行为主要分为前进和后退，繁殖期的雌性多处于静潜水底或静浮水中的状态；（2）捕食行为主要分为发现、定位、捕捉和咀嚼等系列动作，曼氏无针乌贼能够快速感知周围17.0-36.0 cm范围内的饵料，捕捉的有效距离为8.0-22.0 cm，能在2.0-10.0 s内完成对饵料的高效捕获；（3）繁殖行为复杂，主要分为求偶、伴游、交配、产卵等，其中求偶行为体现在雄性对雌性的自我展示、追逐配对和争斗护卫等过程，雄性在争斗护卫和伴游过程中的护雌行为尤为激烈。曼氏无针乌贼交配时采用"头对头"的方式，平均交配持续时间42.9 s。曼氏无针乌贼对产卵附着基有选择性且偏好于最初的附卵物，卵群对雌性产卵行为有诱导和刺激作用，每次产卵到附卵过程平均用时108.6 s。曼氏无针乌贼繁殖期行为谱特征的研究可为后续曼氏无针乌贼行为机制和基于全生活史的资源保护等方面提供理论依据。 相似文献
2.
采用常规生物学方法和统计回归分析方法,对浙江近海曼氏无针乌贼的繁殖生物学特性进行了研究,比较了不同时期浙江近海曼氏无针乌贼卵巢成熟系数(GSI)、生物学体型及个体生殖力与生物学指标关系。结果表明,浙江近海曼氏无针乌贼GSI在4月份达到最高(9.51%±7.23%),相比20世纪60年代初、80年代初,自然海域曼氏无针乌贼的性腺发育提前,且生殖期延长。20世纪80年代初曼氏无针乌贼的生物学体型、怀卵量及个体生殖力均大于60年代初和自然海域曼氏无针乌贼,同时曼氏无针乌贼在人工养殖条件下生物学体型、怀卵量及个体生殖力增大。浙江近海曼氏无针乌贼的个体生殖力均随着胴长(ML)、体质量(W)、卵巢质量(WO)、GSI这些指标的增大而增大,除体质量相对生殖力(FW)与ML为密切正相关外,个体生殖力与这些指标的关系均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01)。多元线性逐步回归分析表明,WO是影响浙江近海曼氏无针乌贼个体生殖力的最重要指标。 相似文献
3.
两性个体的有效鉴别是曼氏无针乌贼高效繁育及养殖模式(如单性养殖)建立的基础。为研究曼氏无针乌贼主要形态指标及雌雄形态差异,测量了160只F1代曼氏无针乌贼的19项可测量性状及13项标准化性状。采用聚类分析、主成分分析和判别分析方法研究了曼氏无针乌贼同生群两性间的形态差异。结果表明:两性间可测量性状和标准化性状各有10项有显著性差异(P0.05);对标准化性状经过主成分分析和R-聚类分析均显示曼氏无针乌贼的两性的差异主要集中在辅助交配器官特征,头部特征,捕食器官和肥瘦特征以及体型特征等4个方面。在此基础上,通过逐步判别法从标准化性状中筛选出3项,即左3腕长/胴长、左4腕长/胴长及左触腕长/胴长,建立了雌雄的判别方程:雄性:F1=223.42X3+165.85X4+7.951X5–108.06;雌性:F2=151.48X3+92.71X4+19.19X5–60.38。所建立的判别方程,对样本群体的综合判别率达到95.00%。利用F2代亲体测量数据对判别函数进行识别验证,综合判别率达到85.34%。在判别方程中的3个标准化性状中,左3腕长/胴长和左4腕长/胴长在两性亲体间均存在显著的差异(P0.05),表明曼氏无针乌贼的雄性在性选择的作用下,交配器官存在显著差异。 相似文献
4.
虎斑乌贼(Sepia pharaonis)繁殖行为谱分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用现场观察和数码摄像机记录的方法对虎斑乌贼(Sepia pharaonis)繁殖行为学进行研究。结果表明, 虎斑乌贼的繁殖行为谱包括游泳、休息、捕食、求偶、争斗、交配、产卵等行为, 虎斑乌贼早晚常离底游动觅食, 白天下沉水底, 捕食甲壳类和幼鱼等。在隐蔽阴暗处休息, 在交配行为上不是“一夫一妻”制, 存在一雌多雄交配现象, 交配前有较复杂求偶行为, 包括雄性争斗与对峙、雌性配偶的选择等, 交配为头对头的方式, 雌性受精不久便在产卵区轮流产卵, 卵呈白色, 半透明, 卵群葡萄状, 卵径约14-16mm, 长径约27-34mm。 相似文献
5.
曼氏无针乌贼血细胞形态观察及吞噬性能的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用组织学和免疫学方法对曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindroni)的血细胞进行形态观察和免疫活性研究。根据血细胞大小和美兰染色结果,将曼氏无针乌贼的血细胞分为2类:较小的血细胞圆形,直径7.65~8.28μm,细胞核卵圆形,核质比约0.66,约占细胞总数的45.3%;较大的血细胞圆形,直径9.58~10.42μm,细胞核肾形,核质比约0.40,有些细胞具双核,约占细胞总数的54.7%。饥饿乌贼血细胞数量较正常乌贼有明显下降(t-检验,P<0.05),较大血细胞的比例有所上升,可达70%。细菌吞噬试验结果表明,较小血细胞对细菌无吞噬能力,而较大血细胞具有较强的细菌吞噬能力。饥饿组曼氏无针乌贼血细胞吞噬活力稍低,但并无显著差别(t-检验,P>0.05)。对曼氏无针乌贼血细胞形态和功能的研究,为探索曼氏无针乌贼免疫防御机理提供了基础资料。 相似文献
6.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(7)
根据2015年8—10月开展的4次金乌贼跟踪回捕调查,对灵山湾及胶南近海金乌贼的生长、分布、资源密度及增殖放流效果进行了初步评价。研究显示:在金乌贼群体资源生物量密度和尾数密度方面,8月28日平均生物量和尾数最低,10月4日平均尾数密度最高,10月26日平均生物量最高,且灵山岛西南海域的相对资源密度显著高于灵山湾海域,各航次幼乌贼出现频率均为100%;伴随幼乌贼的生长,资源高密度区由灵山湾向灵山岛西南海域的深水区逐步偏移。调查期间幼乌贼生长迅速,胴长(ML)总平均增长率为0.46mm/d,体重(TW)总平均增长率为0.46g/d,胴长-体重关系式为TW=8.0×10~(-4) ML~(2.6642),胴长、体重与日龄均呈S型曲线关系。分子检测结果表明,在随机抽测的4个航次共288只回捕个体中,有14只个体在6个微卫星位点上可找到与其对应的亲本,判定为放流苗种,占随机抽测的回捕个体的比例约4.86%,放流初期金乌贼增殖效果显著。本研究为金乌贼增殖放流提供了基础数据,为放流后金乌贼资源的科学养护、合理开发提供了科学依据,有助于金乌贼增殖放流管理策略的制定。 相似文献
7.
光照周期对曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)繁殖、性类固醇激素系统及生长性能的调控作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
养殖条件下的性早熟、个体小型化是影响曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)的养殖效益的重要因素。为探讨养殖条件下曼氏无针乌贼性早熟的可能因素,本文探讨了3种不同光照周期(23D:1L;12D:12L;1D:23L)对其繁殖性能及个体生长的影响。结果表明:光照周期对曼氏无针乌贼的繁殖性能总体影响不大,除长光照周期(1D:23L)下,睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)等激素水平有较显著的降低外(P0.05),光照对乌贼繁殖时间、性腺重及性腺发育指数等指标均无明显影响。但光照周期对曼氏无针乌贼生长却有明显影响,在胴长、体重、瞬时生长率(IGR)及肥满度等生长指标上均呈现出短光照组中光照组长光照的趋势。短光照组雌乌贼在体重、瞬时生长率和肥满度,雄乌贼在胴长等指标上,均显著优于长光照组(P0.05)。该结果表明光照周期可作为影响曼氏无针乌贼生长性能的重要因素,在今后的养殖条件优化中应加以考虑。 相似文献
8.
以双齿围沙蚕、泥鳅、黄鲫、福寿螺4种不同饵料强化培育胴长(6.50±0.20)cm的曼氏无针乌贼,用曼氏无针乌贼肝脏和卵巢的氨基酸与脂肪酸变化、亲体产卵量、卵径、卵子孵化率及其幼体成活率等指标来评价4种饵料对其繁殖性能的影响.结果表明,黄鲫组曼氏无针乌贼肝脏与卵巢中∑EAA、∑SEAA、∑EAA+SEAA、∑NEAA、∑AA含量在第一次卵巢成熟与第二次卵巢成熟时均显著高于其它投喂组(P＜0.05).黄鲫组乌贼肝脏DHA/EPA在第一次卵巢成熟时显著高于其它投喂组,在第二次卵巢成熟时DHA、DHA/EPA、∑n3PUFA、∑n6PUFA、∑n3/n6PUFA都显著高于其它投喂组(P＜0.05);该组乌贼第一次卵巢成熟卵巢DHA、∑n3PUFA、∑n6PUFA、∑n3/n6PUFA及在第二次卵巢成熟时卵巢DHA、DHA/EPA、∑n3PUFA、∑n3/n6PUFA均显著高于其它投喂组(P＜0.05),该组第二次卵巢成熟时∑n6PUFA百分含量与沙蚕组无显著差异(P＞0.05).产卵量多少顺序为黄鲫组＞沙蚕组＞泥鳅组＞福寿螺组(P＜0.05);孵化率高低顺序为黄鲫组＞福寿螺组＞泥鳅组＞沙蚕组(P＜0.05);所产卵子平均直径大小顺序为黄鲫组＞泥鳅组＞沙蚕组＞福寿螺组(P＜0.05);幼体成活率高低顺序为黄鲫组＞泥鳅组＞沙蚕组、福寿螺组(P＜0.05).各指标吻合程度高. 相似文献
9.
为研究曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)在不同温度下(15oC、20oC和25oC)进食冰鲜葛氏长臂虾(Palaemon gravieri)后的胃内容物特性变化及胃排空规律,本实验将采用3种常用数学模型(线性、平方根及指数模型)对胃排空曲线进行拟合,比较进食后胃排空过程中胃内容物的水分、pH和消化酶的变化规律。结果表明,3种数学模型均能较好地描述曼氏无针乌贼胃排空曲线,但是平方根模型对曼氏无针乌贼胃内容物湿重和干重的数据拟合效果最优。根据平方根模型计算,在15oC、20oC和25oC水温时曼氏无针乌贼50%胃内容干重排出的理论时间分别为4.4h、3.7h和3.6h,而完全排空的时间分别为13.8h、12h和12h。在摄食后0—14h内,胃内容物水分含量表现为先逐渐下降后显著上升;pH值在摄食后0—8h内逐渐降低,8—14h缓慢上升;胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,而淀粉酶则总体保持恒定。曼氏无针乌贼在15oC、20oC和25oC三个温度下进食冰鲜葛氏长臂虾,胃排空过程中的胃内容物水分含量、pH值和消化酶比活力均存在显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,25oC水温条件更有利于曼氏无针乌贼的胃排空过程,同时建议在饲喂管理中按照3.6h的间隔进行投喂。 相似文献
10.
11.
The ERG-determined scotopic spectral sensitivity (Sλ) curve of the intact anesthetized cuttlefish Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune attains its major peak at 490 nm with no secondary peak. In adaptation to white or colour light of different intensities, both peak and shape of S λ curve have no change. It is suggested that only one receptor system is present in the retina of cuttlefish, as a result, its colour-discrimination ability appears to be lacking. 相似文献
12.
东海区经济乌贼类资源结构和空间分布的分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据东海区2000年和2001年底拖网调查所获取的乌贼渔获物组成、各种类出现频率、分布站点和质量资料,分析了东海区经济乌贼类资源结构和优势种的空间分布。结果表明,东海区经济乌贼类优势种较20世纪90年代以前发生了很大变化,金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)、神户乌贼(Sepia kobiensis)已替代曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindroni)成为资源最丰富的种类,为东海区重要的捕捞对象,目前乌贼渔获组成结构相对稳定;经济乌贼类集群已由春季变为秋冬季,密集分布区由近海浅水区变为外海深水区,但金乌贼和神户乌贼的地理分布存在差异。 相似文献
13.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):387-393
Unusual and distinct hydroacoustic targets were observed in November 1996, May 1998 and November 1998 during routine pelagic biomass surveys off the south coast of South Africa. During the November 1996 survey, seven such targets were observed near the bottom at depths of 115–125 m, directly south of the traditional inshore spawning grounds of chokka squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii at Cape St Francis. The targets were close to prominent seabed ridges and extended 30–40 m off the bottom. In May 1998, three similar targets were observed at depths 55–80 m off Plettenberg Bay, another well-known squid spawning site. The shallowest target was identified, by means of a midwater trawl, as a mixture of mature male and female chokka. During the November 1998 survey, nine similar targets were again observed on the squid spawning grounds at Cape St Francis, also adjacent to seabed ridges. Drawing on fisheries hydroacoustic experience and knowledge of chokka squid spawning behaviour, the targets are believed to be aggregations of spawning squid. 相似文献
14.
Clive J. Fox Paul McCloghrie Richard D.M. Nash 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,81(3):381-389
A coupled physics particle-tracking model, driven by realistic meteorological forcing was used to examine the dispersal and transport of plaice eggs and larvae in the year 2000 from two spawning grounds in the Irish Sea. The model included passive transport of eggs and early stage larvae, diel vertical movements for larvae between 7 and 10.5 mm in body-length and tidally synchronised, vertical movements for larger larvae (>9 mm body-length). The year 2000 was chosen because of the availability of ichthyoplankton data with which to initialise the model. The majority of larvae originating from spawning in the eastern Irish Sea settled into nursery grounds along the Scottish, English and Welsh coasts, in agreement with previous findings. In contrast, a significant portion of larvae originating from spawning in the western Irish Sea was transported eastwards to these same nursery grounds. Transport across the Irish Sea resulted from the onset of tidally synchronised vertical behaviour encoded in the model for older larvae. Settlement of larvae into local nursery grounds along the Irish coast was limited. Because of the prevailing winds and currents in the region, plaice eggs and larvae are unlikely to be transported from east to west; in most years spawning in the western Irish Sea probably acts as an additional source of juveniles for nursery grounds along the Scottish, English and Welsh coasts. 相似文献
15.
Yong-Deuk Lee Jung Hwa Choi Seong Yong Moon Sun Kil Lee Woo-Seok Gwak 《Ocean Science Journal》2017,52(4):581-586
The purpose of this study is to research the characteristics of spawning grounds of Clupea pallasii found at 1 spawning ground located in the coast of Yeongun-ri, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam, and 3 stations in Jinhae Bay. Diving observation was performed from January to June, 2014 at the coast of Yeongun-ri, and from February to June, 2016 at Jinhae Bay after total 4 stations (A: Gusan-myeon, B: Haengamdong, C: Hacheong-myeon, D: Jam-do) were constituted. During observation period, 1 spawning ground was found in Tongyeong area in January. In Jinhae Bay spawning grounds were found at 3 stations (A, B, D) out of 4 stations in February. Regarding the surrounding environment of spawning ground found at Yeongunri, Tongyeong, various kinds of seaweeds were distributed up to 1–5 m depth, and many branch type red algae were distributed. In case of Jinhae Bay, seaweeds were widely distributed from shallow water to 5 m depth. In addition, the scope that eggs were attached was considerably wide compared to Tongyeong area, and they were found at all the 3 spots, so C. pallasii is thought to use Jinhae Bay for its spawning ground widely. Eggs were attached from the surface to 3–4 m, and like Tongyeong area, eggs were attached to mostly branch type of red algae. The results of this study suggest that the spawning season of the C. pallasii in coast waters off Gyeongnam is until mid-February. 相似文献
16.
基于产卵场和索饵场适宜性的西北太平洋柔鱼丰度预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)是北太平洋重要的经济头足类。短生命周期的特征使其资源丰度主要取决于补充量，早期生活史阶段的海洋环境将直接影响补充量大小。利用2004?2015年我国鱿钓船队在西北太平洋的生产统计数据，以及产卵场和索饵场海表水温，将产卵场和索饵场等分成不同数量的海区，运用相关性分析和随机森林模型，筛选出产卵期各月产卵场最适海表水温范围占总面积的比值(Ps)和索饵期各月索饵场最适海表水温范围占总面积的比值(Pf)与单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)显著相关的海区，将Ps值或Pf值作为神经网络模型的输入变量，分别构建基于产卵场、索饵场的资源丰度预报模型，分析模型的优劣与预报准确度。结果表明:产卵场划分方案为5°×5°，索饵场为2.5° (经)×4° (纬)较为合适。随机森林筛选出的海区与相关性分析筛选出的适宜海区范围大致吻合，且随机森林能够识别与CPUE相关的潜在海域。模型的预报结果表明，其预报准确度均达到90%以上，随机森林筛选出的海区的最适海表水温范围占该海区的比值作为神经网络模型输入因子构建的模型优于相关性分析，预报准确度更高。基于产卵场海域构建的模型相对于索饵场，模型精确度更高、更稳定。 相似文献
17.
Abstract. A total of 1789 fish belonging to 38 families and 73 species were collected at depths between 18 and 1102 m during 216 bottom longline operations off Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, between February 1994 and December 1995. For each species the depth distribution is provided. Length-weight and depth-size relationships are reported for three shelf-dwelling species. The bigger-deeper relationship found in two of them contrasts with the bigger-shallower pattern of the deeper living trichiurid Lepidopus caudatus . In November 1997, nine additional bottom longline operations were carried out off eastern Fuerteventura at depths between 805 and 1217 m. In this area, after earlier studies in October 1995, a spawning aggregation of the morid Mora moro was encountered for the second time. The catches of 1997 revealed a strongly male-biased sex ratio. Also, the males showed a significantly lower gonadosomal index than two years earlier. These findings indicate slight interannual variations in reproductive timing and an earlier arrival of male Mora moro at the spawning grounds. Clear variations in the number of fish collected at adjacent sites possibly reflect a preference for distinct microhabitats. Preliminary evidence of local upwelling of cold water above the spawning grounds is provided by satellite imagery. 相似文献
18.
鱼类体长和体重之间的关系，是研究鱼类生长的内容之一。在渔业资源及渔捞统计上，大量测量体长较之测量体重简易得多。因此，了解了某一鱼群体长-体重的关系，就可以根据体长组成，估计其渔获的重量组成状况，反之亦然。体长-体重关系还被用来作为判断数量变动状况的生物学征象之一。对我国烟台外海鲐鱼的研究也表明，在鲐鱼不同世代、不同年份的生长速度变化中，很显著的一个特征就是同一体长组的体重(纯体重)的改变，而且这种改变与该海区鲐鱼生殖鱼群的数量变动表现出一定的相关征象。
本文利用过去积累的资料，分析了大黄鱼Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson)种内10个生殖鱼群的体长-体重关系的特点和种内变异。
由于大黄鱼属于卵子分次成熟排出的类型，生殖季节较长，同时性腺很重一一已发现雌鱼性腺最大者可达426克(占体重的29.9 %)，所以文中均采用除去性腺和消化道重量的纯体重。 相似文献
19.
With seawater desalination expanding rapidly, it is important that ecological studies are undertaken to determine the effects of brine discharge on the marine species in the area. The abundance of giant Australian cuttlefish (Sepia apama, Gray 1849) eggs and environmental data were recorded at nine sites near Point Lowly, Spencer Gulf, South Australia, an area where the largest desalination plant in the Southern hemisphere is proposed. In addition, the effects of different concentrations of desalination brine on the growth, survival and condition of cuttlefish embryos were investigated. The primary egg-laying sites for the cuttlefish were in the vicinity of Stony Point (sites 4 and 3) and the area with the least egg abundance was on the eastern and western areas around Point Lowly (sites 9 and 7) where no eggs were found. The survival of embryos decreased with an increase in salinity, with no embryos surviving to full term in salinities greater than 50‰. Mean weight and mantle length also decreased with increasing salinity. Besides elevated salinity, the brine also had increased concentrations of Ba, Ca, K, Sr and Mg relative to water near Point Lowly. Brine discharge from seawater desalination poses a potential threat to the unique spawning aggregation of the giant Australian cuttlefish, in the upper Spencer Gulf, South Australia. 相似文献
20.
C. M. Vooren 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):121-158
Nursery grounds of the tarakihi Cheilodactylus macropterus (Bloch & Schneider) were discovered in 1963–72 mainly off the south‐western coast of the North Island, in Tasman Bay, along the entire eastern coast of the South Island, and around the Chatham Islands. They occurred at depths of 20–100 m, and mostly between 10 km and 30 km from shore. The tarakihi nurseries had a dense and varied invertebrate bemthic epifauna dominated by sponges and small corals. Few signs of nurseries were found in. other New Zealand waters, in spite of the existence of major spawning grounds there. It is not known with which spawning grounds the various nursery grounds are linked. The Tasman Bay nursery ground is 18–33 km wide and about 75 km long, with a surface area of about 2000 km2. There is a rich demersal fish fauna (37 species were recorded) dominated by tarakihi, red gurnard Chelidonichthys kumu (Lesson & Garnot), snapper Chrysophrys auratus (Bloch & Schneider), and leathei'iacket Novodon convexirostris (Guenther). The young tarakihi occur at depths of 20–45 m and concentrate during winter in the warmer deeper water. They first appear in trawl catches in summer, towards the end of their first year (assumed birthdate is 1 March), and stay on the nursery until the age of 3 y. They occur in the deeper water off the nursery during their fourth and fifth year and depart during their sixth year, possibly for the spawning grounds off the west coast of the South Island. The mean lengths at the ages of 15, 27, and 39 months were 12.6, 18.0, and 24.0 cm respectively in 1970. There was some variation in growth rate within the nursery ground, but the age groups could nevertheless be recognised easily from, length frequency modes. Monthly modal lengths showed that growth slows down in winter. Evidence for fluctuations in year class strength was found; year classes 1966 and 1969 were weak and year class 1968 was strong. The vulnerability of tarakihi less than 4y old to commercial New Zealand trawl gear is low, and the local fishing fleets do no serious damage to the habitat on the nursery grounds. However, a large part of the tarakihi nursery grounds off the east coast of the South Island lies outside the territorial fishing zone. Intensive fishing on these grounds by large foreign vessels using heavy trawl gear could have an adverse effect on the habitat of the young tarakihi in this region. 相似文献