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《海洋技术学报》2023,(3)
海洋沉积物取样测量会改变沉积物的温度、压力等参数，取样测量所得到的数据会与沉积物的真实参数有所差距。针对上述问题本文开展了海洋沉积物热、电、声探测技术研究，并设计了一款适用于深潜器的海洋沉积物原位热、电、声多参数探针。探针使用时差法测量沉积物中的声速、声衰减系数，使用温纳法测量沉积物的电导率参数，使用NTC热敏电阻作为温度传感器测量沉积物温度。在探针校准并对沙质沉积物进行测量。实验结果表明探针测量电导率标准误差小于2.8 %。温度测量误差小于0.28 ℃,温度测量时间不小于120 s，此次获取泥沙样品的声速为1 737.5 m/s，声衰减系数2.5 dB/m。实验结果显示该探针能够准确、快速的测量海洋沉积物的热、电、声参数。 相似文献
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海洋沉积物动学性质的测量 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
海洋沉积物力学性质的测量是近年发展迅速的新领域,鉴于海洋开发之需要,对具有广阔陆架的我国,海洋沉积物力学性质的测量和海洋现场袖珍土工仪器的应用更显得尤为重要。本文就国外海洋沉积物研究及国内海洋沉积物研究和国内研制的袖珍土工仪器在实际应用中的情况作一概略介绍。 相似文献
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本文尝试用脉冲定程法测量海洋沉积物悬浮液声衰减。借用泥沙粒度分析中所用的沉降法,对每个样品测量7种不同粒径范围下的声衰减与体积浓度之间的关系。实验表明,文献[1]在考虑海洋沉积物悬浮液声衰减时引入悬浮粒子的形状系数k是必要的。并由k值粗浅地讨论了该海区沉积物的特征。 相似文献
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人工海水介质中CTAB在胶州湾沉积物上的吸附动力学和热力学行为 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了人工海水介质中,阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)在胶州湾沉积物上的吸附动力学和热力学行为。结果表明:沉积物对CTAB的吸附动力学过程可以用伪二级模型进行较好的描述,拟合所得吸附速率常数k2随CTAB的初始浓度和温度的升高而增大。CTAB在沉积物上的吸附等温线可用Freundlich等温式来描述,而蒸馏水介质中,CTAB的吸附表现出两段特征。沉积物的吸附能力随着介质离子强度的增加而增大。计算得到的吸附活化能Ea以及热力学参数ΔH0、ΔS0和ΔG0表明CTAB在海洋沉积物上的吸附为物理吸附,是一个自发、放热、熵增加的过程。 相似文献
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海底沉积物声速是海洋物理学和水声学研究的一个重要物理量。声速测量的准确性取决于如何准确计量超声波在沉积物介质中的传播时间。针对传统的观察波形突变法存在不足,文中基于小波变换独特的时-频局部化特征,阐明了小波变换信号奇异性检测原理,分析讨论如何利用该原理来检测海底沉积物声速测量中的超声回波信号起跳点。用Matlab数值计算软件,把记录的波形数据文件导入工作空间,选用Db3小波进行5层小波分解,观测其模极大值点的位置;用Gauss小波进行连续小波变换,观测其模极大值线的位置。并用两个实例验证了小波变换检测超声回波起跳点可行性及优越性,可提高海底沉积物声速测量的准确性,为海底智能化检测仪器的研发提供技术基础。 相似文献
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以苯酚为研究对象，系统地研究了其在南海沉积物上的吸附行为。实验中作者利用紫外可见分光光度计测定苯酚在沉积物上吸附前后的浓度变化，从而可以根据平衡浓度(Ce)和吸附在沉积物上的量(Cs)的关系来推测苯酚在沉积物上的吸附机理。研究表明，苯酚在海洋沉积物上的吸附行为可以同时很好地用Freundlich型、Langmuir型和线型三种吸附等温式来描述，这说明其吸附行为比较复杂。另外，通过改变吸附条件发现苯酚吸附行为受沉积物有机质的含量、介质的盐度、温度、酸度等因素的影响，并且饱和吸附量随着沉积物有机质含量、介质盐度和酸度的升高而增大，随着温度的升高而减小。 相似文献
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针对吸力式沉箱在黏性底床中沉贯安装的减阻问题,基于黏性泥沙的流变特性,开展了一系列不同振动荷载作用下的室内沉贯模型试验,分析了振动荷载对吸力式沉箱沉贯过程的影响和沉贯减阻效果。试验结果表明：在压力沉贯阶段或吸力沉贯阶段施加高频振动荷载,均能促使吸力式沉箱侧壁周围的土体发生流化,有效降低沉箱的沉贯阻力;减阻效果与振动频率和沉箱的长径比有关,与振动频率成正比,与沉箱的长径比成反比;存在一个临界频率,当振动频率大于该频率后,沉贯阻力随频率的减小不明显;施加高频振动荷载有助于减小吸力沉贯阶段沉箱内的土塞高度,促进沉箱沉贯到位。研究成果可为黏性泥沙流变减阻技术在吸力式沉箱中的应用提供理论依据和技术参考。 相似文献
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自落式贯入仪(Free-Falling Penetrometer, FFP)是一种新型海底沉积物原位测量设备,用于海底沉积物工程性质原位调查。本文基于自主研发的FFP设备在黄海海域开展现场贯入试验,分析探头尺寸对判断沉积物性质的影响。研究表明,在不同沉积物中探头尺寸对贯入深度、贯入阻力和沉积物类型判断有不同影响。在细粒沉积物中探头尺寸对贯入深度、贯入阻力影响较小;在根据贯入阻力变化划定分层时,小直径探头能反应贯入阻力更为细小的变化。在粗粒沉积物中探头尺寸影响更明显,大尺寸探头使贯入阻力变大,贯入深度减小。根据标准化深度和硬度因子可区分粗粒沉积物和细粒沉积物,在粗粒沉积物中探头尺寸增大,硬度因子减小,有利于细化沉积物类型。 相似文献
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S.J. Benno Brenninkmeyer 《Marine Geology》1976,20(2):117-128
A new instrument — an almometer — has been developed which measures, instantaneously and continuously, changes in the vertical density distribution of sediment. The almometer consists of two acrylic cylinders, one contains a fluorescent lamp, the other 64 photo-electric cells placed at 1 - or 2-cm intervals. These two tubes are anchored perpendicular to the bottom 30 cm apart.The amount of sediment that can be measured ranges from 10 to 500 g of sediment per liter of water. Calibration shows that differences in sediment size or mineralogy have little effect on the concentration resistance relationship if the size mean is within the sand range and the sediment is not monomineralic. 相似文献
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Reference electrodes are a key part for corrosion monitoring and measurement of rebars in concrete. A reference electrode that can be buried in concrete is fabricated by using Ag/AgCl electrode and methyl cellulose gelling electrolyte. The stability, repeatability and anti-polarization of the reference electrode are investigated; the influences of the inner electrolyte loss, exterior OH? contamination, and temperature on the potential of the reference electrode are also investigated in this paper. The results show that the reference electrode has good stability, repeatability, and anti- polarization. The influences of inner electrolyte loss, exterior OH? contamination, and temperature on the potential of the reference electrode are minimal. Therefore, it can be used for corrosion monitoring and measurement of rebars in concrete. 相似文献
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《中国海洋工程》2015,(6)
Reference electrodes are a key part for corrosion monitoring and measurement of rebars in concrete. A reference electrode that can be buried in concrete is fabricated by using Ag/Ag Cl electrode and methyl cellulose gelling electrolyte. The stability, repeatability and anti-polarization of the reference electrode are investigated; the influences of the inner electrolyte loss, exterior OH- contamination, and temperature on the potential of the reference electrode are also investigated in this paper. The results show that the reference electrode has good stability, repeatability, and antipolarization. The influences of inner electrolyte loss, exterior OH- contamination, and temperature on the potential of the reference electrode are minimal. Therefore, it can be used for corrosion monitoring and measurement of rebars in concrete. 相似文献
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Electric potential due to a ring electrode 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Electrical sensors utilizing ring electrodes mounted on cylindrical rods have been used by several workers to measure the resistivity of marine sediments. As the resistivity of sediment is dependent upon the water content of the sediment, such measurements are extremely valuable for determining the density of sediments. Recently, ring electrodes have also been used in instrumentation to determine fluctuations in the marine sediment-seawater interface due to erosion or deposition. In the past, approximate formulas have been used to evaluate the response of the sensors. In this work, an exact formula is derived, and it is shown that the previous formulas are in error by up to 5%. Although this is not serious for most borehole logging applications, it is essential to use the exact formulas to interpret data from electromagnetic sediment level sensors 相似文献
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海底底质的物理力学参数不同于陆地土壤,其极低的抗剪强度和承压强度对深海采矿车的行走性能提出高要求。分析基于车辆地面力学理论,开展了底质土力学特性试验研究,建立了深海底质力学模型。根据深海重载作业采矿车样机结构参数,在大型动力学仿真软件Recurdyn中建立了仿真模型。通过直线行走多体动力学仿真与直线行走海试试验的对比,验证了仿真模型的准确性。在此基础上开展了采矿车样机在深海软底质上的多种行走工况动力学仿真,分析与评价其行走性能。结果表明,采矿车样机可以顺利完成转弯、爬坡、越障等基本功能。该研究成果可为深海采矿车海底行走性能评估提供理论参考,为深海采矿车和软底质的相互作用力学研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
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Kai-Fu Liu Xin-Yu Xie Qing-Hong Hu Chun-Xia Huang 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(3):346-356
Long drilled shafts with enlarged bases are generally used to transfer heavy loads from superstructures to the underlying soils. Due to the large slenderness ratio, the load transfer mechanism for these long enlarged base-drilled shafts differs from that of a conventional drilled shaft. This paper presents field-instrumented, full-scale load tests on long drilled shafts longer than 58 m, including one straight and two enlarged base-drilled shafts in marine sediment. The field test results show that compared with straight shafts, the use of an enlarged base increases both toe resistance and shaft resistance. The drilled shafts with enlarged bases have higher load-bearing capacity. The shaft resistance and toe resistance were not simultaneously mobilized. The bottom sediment under the shaft toe has a significant influence on toe resistance and shaft resistance. Shafts having bottom sediment with a relatively large thickness exhibited lower shaft and toe resistance. Thus, the bottom sediment thickness should be strictly controlled. 相似文献