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在沿岸自然环境 ,双壳贝类经常达到很高的丰度 ,在生态系统的物质循环和能量流动中起着重要作用。双壳贝类作为滤食性动物具有很强的滤水能力 ,如扇贝、贻贝、蛤和牡蛎的滤水率均可达到５Ｌ／（ｇ·ｈ） ;它们能够过滤大量细小的颗粒物质 ,包括浮游物、浮游藻类、微生物、贝类幼虫和中型浮游动物等 ,还包括来源于双壳贝类以及其它动物 (如鱼 )粪粒的碎屑 ［１，２］。双壳贝类通过过滤大量的水体摄取浮游植物和有机颗粒 ,同化一部分有机质 ,其它则以粪的形式排出 ,进而影响生态系统的结构和功能。对于养殖生态系 ,目前的研究还比较少 ,但已… 相似文献
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滤食性贝类摄食生理的研究进展 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
近年来随着养殖环境的恶化及贝类产量的持续下降 ,人们越来越重视对这些经济贝类的繁殖生物学、生理能量学以及对养殖区水体养殖容量的估算等方面的研究。其中对滤食性贝类摄食生理的研究是上述研究中的一个重要内容 ,它不但可以帮助人们了解贝类在不同环境条件下的摄食生理状况 ,还在育苗、预算个体的生长潜力和产量、估算海区养殖容量中起重要作用。本文介绍了滤食性贝类摄食机制、对食物颗粒的选择性、摄食节律、环境因子对摄食生理的影响及最近用于滤食性贝类摄食生理研究的新技术方法等几方面内容 ,并就描述滤食性贝类摄食生理的几个参… 相似文献
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海洋滤食性贝类摄食率的研究现状 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
摄食率ＩＲ（Ｉｎｇｅｓｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅ）是反映滤食性贝类生理状况的一项动态指标,它直接受到贝类所处环境的生物和非生物因子的影响。诸如海水的温度、盐度、流速、饵料的浓度和质量等。同时由于方法不同,即使对同种贝类同一状态下摄食率的测定结果也往往差别很大。因此,６０年代以来,国内外专家就从不同途径对滤食性贝类的摄食率进行了研究。进入８０年代,随着微流探针、高精度的流体颗粒计数器、电镜、微胶囊技术以及同位素示踪技术的出现,人们对摄食率的研究手段和了解有了进一步的提高。１研究方法滤食性贝类的摄食率ＩＲ是指… 相似文献
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利用生物控制养殖池污染的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用陆基围隔对微生物制剂、底栖滤食性贝类、大型藻类控制养殖池污染进行了研究。研究表明,微生物制剂效果明显,利生健浓度达到6mg/L时即可显著降低池塘底泥的自污染速率,底泥中总氮积累速率仅为对照组的45.4%,对虾存活率提高53.25%,并能有效缓解水体中的氨氮压力。底栖滤食性贝类效果不明显,底播密度过大会加快底质的氮污染。菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)适宜底播密度为100g/m2,100g/m2处理组水体中的氨氮含量、水体和底泥中的氮积累速率在各处理组中最低,但差异不显著(p<0.05)。结果还表明,江蓠(Gracilaria tenuistip)在池塘中受到微藻竞争、浮泥以及透明度变化影响,生长较差。同时,本文通过对养殖池塘污染物基本概况的初步分析,提出了养殖环境综合治理的初步设想。 相似文献
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湛江流沙湾马氏珠母贝的养殖容量 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2008年3月—2009年1月调查分析流沙湾浮游动植物的生物量、叶绿素a含量、初级生产力、马氏珠母贝Pinctada martensii含壳重与鲜组织重的比值、养殖贝类和野生滤食性动物的滤水率、潮间带和潮下带底栖贝类及吊养区附着滤食性动物现存量等,应用营养动态模型和贝类养殖容量估算模型估算滤食性动物的总容量,扣除野生滤食性动物现存量,最终确定马氏珠母贝的养殖容量。结果显示,2种模型估算马氏珠母贝的养殖容量分别为19637.5t和20126.4t,平均养殖容量19881.95t。依据流沙湾马氏珠母贝的通常养殖密度(1.05×105个.hm-2)和平均商品规格(41g.个-1)计算,流沙湾马氏珠母贝的适养面积为461.83hm2。 相似文献
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藻类浓度对海湾扇贝和太平洋牡蛎滤除率的影响 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
滤除率(单位时间水中食物颗粒完全被滤食的这些过滤的水的体积)不仅能够表示滤食性动物的摄食量,还是反映滤食性动物生理生态学状况的动态指标,它的大小受诸多因子的影响,其中藻类浓度是一个重要的影响因子。关于藻类浓度对贝类滤除率的影响,国外Beiras,R.等(1993)已有报道。本文着重研究了藻类浓度对我国大规模养殖的滤食性贝类——海湾扇贝(Argopectenirradians)和太平洋牡蛎(Cras-sostreagigas)滤除率的影响。1 材料和方法海湾扇贝取自青岛海洋大学太平角实验基地,太平洋牡蛎取自胶南市水产养殖研究所。随贝生长的不同时期取回后放玻… 相似文献
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滤食性贝类对浅海养殖系统中营养盐循环的影响 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
在浅海贝类养殖系统中 ,营养盐的浓度和形态对贝类生长有重要影响 ,与此同时 ,贝类对系统中的营养盐循环也产生一定的影响 :一方面 ,贝类滤食水体中的浮游植物和有机碎屑等 ,使其组成和密度发生变化 ;另一方面 ,贝类又可向水体中排泄无机营养盐 ,如铵等 ,还将粪和假粪排放于底泥中 ,改变了底泥的数量和质量 ,增加了底泥中营养盐的浓度 ,而底泥中的沉积有机物经矿化作用和再悬浮作用 ,又可使沉积物中的营养盐重新进入水体进行物质循环 ,为贝类及其他生物的生长提供营养条件 (见图１)。图１浅海贝类养殖系统中的营养盐循环(仿Ｋａｓｓｐａｒ,… 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献