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1.
常用海产植物性活饵料氨基酸的测定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
本文报道9种浮游植物所含有的重要氨基酸种类与含量的仪器测定结果,并与长毛对虾肉的氨基酸含量作营养价的比较.氨基酸的总含量小新月菱形藻为干样的34.6%,简单钙质角毛藻27.0%,三角褐指藻25.9%,亚心形扁藻22.9%,小球藻21.4%,异胶藻20.0%,盐藻19.6%,中肋骨条藻18.3%,湛江叉鞭金藻10.5%,长毛对虾肉60.9%,小新月菱形藻、简单钙质角毛藻、三角褐指藻、亚心形扁藻和长毛对虾肉不含有蛋氨酸,但是赖氨酸的含量高于其他种粪.我国当前较优质的植物性活饵料是小新月形藻、简单钙质角毛藻,三角褐指藻、亚心形扁藻和中肋骨条藻. 相似文献
2.
环境因子对高盒形藻生长及其生化组成的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
运用14C示踪法测定高盒形藻光合作用速率,并在实验室模拟条件下,研究光、营养盐和温度等环境因子对高盒形藻细胞生化组成的影响.结果表明,在常温和适宜的光照强度范围内,藻类光合作用速率随光强增加而增加,其光合产物碳水化合物和类脂物含量呈增加趋势,而蛋白质含量则降低.当介质氮磷比为16时,高盒形藻生长最佳,蛋白质合成的百分比最高.高盒形藻光合作用过程平均活化能14.32kJ/mol,在27℃左右有最高光合作用速率和最高的碳水化合物与蛋白质含量之比. 相似文献
3.
采用室内模拟的方法，对盐度、饵料、底质和温度对硬壳蛤稚贝成活率和生长率的影响进行了研究。结果表明，硬壳蛤稚贝存活和生长的适宜盐度范围为18－42，最适盐度范围为24－36。从稚贝成活率看，几种单胞藻的饲育效果顺序为：等鞭金藻＞美国扁藻＞混合藻＞亚心形扁藻＞大溪等鞭金藻＞三角褐指藻＞小球藻＞中肋骨条藻；但从稚贝日生长率看，几种单胞藻的饲育效果顺序为：混合藻＞等鞭金藻＝美国扁藻＝亚心形扁藻＞大溪等鞭金藻＞三角褐指藻＞小球藻＞中肌骨条藻。硬壳蛤对底质环境有一定的选择性，稚贝在纯砂底质中的成活率和日生长率均高于在纯海泥底质中，但砂的粒径大小对稚贝成活率和日生长率没有明显影响。硬壳蛤稚贝具有很强的耐高温能力，在室内控温条件下，能够耐受30－35℃的高温，但在室外自然温度条件下，当温度为21．8－35．4℃（平均为30．1℃）时，稚贝成活率却很低，无砂情况下只有32％，有砂情况下为零。 相似文献
4.
研究6种饵料微藻：微绿球藻（Nannochloropsis oculata）、小球藻（Chlorella．sp）、球等鞭金藻（Isochrysis galbana）、三角褐指藻（Phaeodactylum tricornutum）、亚心形扁藻（Platymonas subordi-formis）、中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）对双刺纺锤水蚤（Acartia bifilosa）雌体繁殖的影响，以探索适合培养双刺纺锤水蚤的藻类。应用解剖镜下计数方法对雌体存活率、产卵率、孵化率、排粪率几个指标进行检测。结果表明微绿球藻、小球藻和球等鞭金藻明显不适于用作雌体饵料；中肋骨条藻组产卵率最高，亚心形扁藻和三角褐指藻组的产卵率没有显著差异；亚心形扁藻组的排粪率明显低于中肋骨条藻和三角褐指藻组；摄食三角褐指藻的雌体所产的卵其平均孵化率要显著低于亚心形扁藻和中肋骨条藻；亚心形扁藻组雌体的产卵率尽管较中肋骨条藻组低，但却保持最高的雌体存活率，而且排粪率也要比中肋骨条藻低得多。综合比较得出结论：6种饵料微藻中，亚心形扁藻和中肋骨条藻是两种最适宜培养双刺纺锤水蚤雌体的优良饵料，二者混合使用效果会更好。 相似文献
5.
铁对三角褐指藻生长、光合作用及生化组成的影响 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
近来许多研究表明,不论是在无机氮丰富还是贫乏的水域,铁元素的供应对于浮游植物的生物量、生长率、种类组成及初级生产力均会产生影响。通过室内培养,研究了铁对三角褐指藻生长、光合作用以及细胞生化组成的影响。实验结果表明,在其他营养盐充足的条件下,海水中铁浓度的变化对三角褐指藻的生长及光合作用均有显着影响。在5×10-7mol/dm3铁浓度时,三角褐指藻可达到其最大光合作用速率。在添加铁的条件下,三角褐指藻细胞多种生化组成受到不同程度的影响,其中叶绿素a含量变化幅度最大,增加了25%～35%,叶绿素c、类胡萝卜素含量也有一定程度的增加,但增长幅度要小于叶绿素a;碳水化合物的含量增加了5%～10%,蛋白质含量的增加幅度在5%～15%之间;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性及DCMU荧光增强比(Fd/F)也呈明显的增加趋势。铁是海洋初级生产过程中的一种限制因子。 相似文献
6.
8种海洋饵料微藻蛋白质含量及氨基酸组成比例的比较研究 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
本研究是一项继1987和1988年几种海洋微藻饵料价值的生物学试验研究之后的饵料藻生物化学试验研究。采用生化方法分析测定分属硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻的8种海洋饵料微藻蛋白质含量及氨基酸组分。 试验结果表明,钝顶螺旋藻(SPirulina Platensis)蛋白质含量最高,61.20%,盐藻(Dunaliella salina)次之,58.86%;四鞭片藻(Tetraselmis suecica)33.06%;亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)32.16%;三种硅藻蛋白质含量最低,中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)29.96%,三角褐指藻(Pha-eodactylum tricornutum)27.90%,牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muellleri)25.26%。 相似文献
7.
基于全球变暖的背景,研究了温度对三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylumtricornutum)、小新月菱形藻(Nitzschiaclosteriumf.minutissima)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonemacostatum)生长的影响,并初步探讨了温度对海洋硅藻生长过程中吸收或释放一氧化氮(NO)的影响。培养温度分别为20℃和25℃。结果显示,温度升高,中肋骨条藻的比生长速率降低(P0.05),而对三角褐指藻和小新月菱形藻的生长没有明显影响。不同种类硅藻对高温的适应能力不同,且在不同生长阶段对NO呈现不同的吸收或释放规律。与20℃培养条件相比,25℃条件下三角褐指藻对NO的净吸收速率在指数生长期、生长平台期和衰亡期分别升高了40.2%、98.2%和16.0%;小新月菱形藻对NO的净吸收速率在生长的平台期升高了5.7倍;中肋骨条藻对NO的净释放速率在生长的平台期升高幅度最大,为11.5倍。结果表明全球变暖对不同种类的硅藻代谢NO的促进程度不同。 相似文献
8.
利用交叉培养的方法,研究了球等鞭金藻与纤细角毛藻、牟氏角毛藻、新月菱形藻和三角褐指藻等4种海洋微藻间的化感作用。并利用高效液相色谱分析了这4种海洋微藻的胞外滤液萃取物。结果表明,(1)球等鞭金藻胞外滤液浓度大于40%时,显著抑制三角褐指藻、新月菱形藻和牟氏角毛藻的生长,而对纤细角毛藻的生长则有明显的促进效果,但当胞外滤液浓度大于80%时则对纤细角毛藻的生长也表现出抑制作用。纤细角毛藻、新月菱形藻、牟氏角毛藻的滤液浓度大于40%时,对球等鞭金藻表现出显著抑制作用,三角褐指藻胞外滤液浓度大于80%时才能抑制球等鞭金藻的生长。(2)4种海洋微藻胞外滤液的萃取物能明显抑制球等鞭金藻的生长。(3)纤细角毛藻、牟氏角毛藻、新月菱形藻和三角褐指藻的胞外滤液分别包含8种、5种、6种和7种物质,同时结果还表明4种海洋微藻产生的抑制球等鞭金藻生长的化感物质并不相同。 相似文献
9.
本实验研究4种单胞藻与海洋红酵母(Rhodomonas sp.)搭配以及单胞藻混合投喂对刺参浮游幼虫体长生长及变态存活率的影响。采用三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)、小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closteriumf.minutissima)、牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)和等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)与海洋红酵母分别以1∶0、0.8∶0.2、0.6∶0.4、0.4∶0.6、0.2∶0.8和0∶1的比例搭配投喂刺参浮游幼虫,观测浮游幼虫每天的体长变化以及变态成活率。结果表明,单胞藻与海洋红酵母以适当比例混合投喂能提高刺参幼虫的体长日增长率,单独投喂海洋红酵母的刺参变态成活率也显著高于单独投喂单胞藻组。采用2种单胞藻以0.5∶0.5的比例混合投喂浮游幼虫,结果表明牟氏角毛藻与小新月菱形藻混合投喂组刺参浮游幼虫的变态成活率高于牟氏角毛藻与等鞭金藻的混合组。 相似文献
10.
4种海洋微藻对久效磷的抗性与其抗氧化能力的相关性 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14
于１９９４年８月－１９９５年１２月,动用生态毒理学和生物化学实验方法,选用扁藻、叉鞭金藻、三角褐指藻及盐藻４种海洋微藻为材料进行海洋微藻对效磷的抗性与抗氧化能力相关性的实验。结果表明,久效磷在协迫过程中,微藻细胞内产生了过量的对细胞有伤害作用的活性氧,４种海洋微藻细胞内活性氧清除酶－超氧化物歧化酶的活性高低依次为盐〉三角褐指藻〉叉鞭金藻〉扁藻。比较毒性实验证明：４种海洋微藻对久效磷的基本身抗氧化能 相似文献
11.
INTRODUCTIONThecontentsandtheirvariationofcellularbiochemicalcomponentsinnormallygrowingmarinealgaereflectthedifferenceinecologicalenvironments,reportedbymanyresearchers(MomsandSkea,1978;SmithandMoms,1980;LiandHarrison,1982;SmithandGeider,1985;Yangetal.,1991,1992).Lightintensity,temperatureandnutrientsaremostimPOrtantenvironmentalfactorsintheocean.ThispaperemphasizestheeffectsofenvironmentalfactorsonthecompositionofPhaendactylumtricornutum,Dunaliellaspp.,SkeletonemacostatumandIsOChr… 相似文献
12.
For most aquacultured animals, the unsaturated fatty acids of marine microalgae have the effects of raising their rates of hatchability, survival and growth and the essential nutrients for the cultured animals such as fish and shrimp. Japanese and ROK scholars have reported that the algal powder added into the fish and shrimp bait may act as coagulating and anti-collapsing agents, and is especially effective if it is used in the water lacking minerals and vitamins[1]. Japanese scholars have p… 相似文献
13.
Eight common red tide species including the Dinoflagellates Alexcandrium tamarense,Prorocentrum minimum , Prorocentrum mican , Diatoms Skeletonema costatum , Cerataulina pelag-ica, Leptocylindrus minimus, a Raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo and a Chrysophyte Isochrysis galbana were chosen to study the effect of four nitrogen substrates (NO_3 - N, NH_4 - N, Urea - N, Mixed - N) on the growth of these algae. After two transfers, the results showed that at N concentration of 550 μmol,, NO_3 - N was the best nitrogen source among these four nitrogen substrates; Urea - N and Mixed - N were also good for the growth of most algae, but not as good as NO_3 - N for some species; NH_4 - N inhibited the growth of all these species except H. akashiwo. At concentrations of 280 and 50 μmol experiments on the growth of I. galbana , P. minimum and L. minimus in NH_4 - N and NO_3 - N substrates were also performed. The results showed that the growth rates of I. galbana were not significantly different from each other in 相似文献
14.
海洋微藻培育系统抗弧菌作用机理 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
于1996年1－6月在中国科学院海洋研究所对微藻培育系统抗弧菌作用机理进行研究。结果表明，球等鞭金藻3011、三角褐指藻2038、扁藻1040及小球藻1061等4种饵料微藻中与藻共存细菌单菌株及群落均无限制弧菌生长作用；各培养时期除菌微藻3011不能限制弧菌生长；除菌微藻2038具有微弱限制弧菌生长能力，处于生长指数后期时作用相对较强，与藻共存细菌群落回加除菌微藻3011及2038，则恢复排斥弧菌能力，细菌先于弧菌加入时（如先加入3d)排斥能力显现较快，反之则较慢。另外还发现，除菌藻2038代谢产物（0．65μm 滤膜过滤获得）无限制弧菌生长能力，4种饵料微藻（自然藻－菌混和体）代谢产物（0．2及0．65μm滤膜过滤获得）无限制弧菌生长作用。因此，微藻培育系统抗弧菌机理可归结为：以微藻为基础的微小生物群落因优先占有生态空间而对弧菌菌群具有排它性。 相似文献
15.
很多研究表明,n-3高度不饱和脂肪酸(n3-PUFA)是海洋动物,特别是其幼体生长发育所必需的营养成分,(Kanazawa et al.,1979; Levine et al.,1984)。很多海洋微藻中含有很高浓度的n3-PUFA,因此在水产养殖中,为了提高鱼、虾幼苗的成活率,增强幼体的体质,常用微藻来强化培养轮虫和卤虫,以提高其n3-PUFA的含量(赖户明1993;Ben-Amotz et al,,1987),为此我们选择了DHA含量比较高而EPA含量很低的金藻3011(Isochrysis galbana)、EPA含量较高而DHA含量很低的三角褐指藻2038(Pheaodactylum tricornutum)和小球藻(Chlorella sp.),研究了它们体内的EPA和DHA向卤虫传递的情况,同时用不含PUFA的面包酵母作对照,为水产养殖中进行卤虫的强化培养提供依据。 相似文献
16.
This article discusses the interaction of phthalates and ocean algae based on the standard appraisal method of chemical medicine for algae toxicity. Through the experiments on the toxic effects of dimethyl （o-） phthalate （DMP）, diethyl （o-） phthalate （DEP）, dibutyl （o-） phthalate （DBP） on ocean algae, the 50 % lethal concentration of the three substances in 48 h and 96 h for plaeodectylum tricornutum, platymonas sp, isochrysis galbana, and skeletonema costatum is obtained. Tolerance limits of the above ocean algae of DMP, DEP, and DBP are discussed. 相似文献
17.
The circadian clock is a fundamental endogenous mechanism of adaptation that coordinates the physiology and behavior of most organisms with diel variations in the external environment to maintain temporal homeostasis. Diatoms are the major primary producers in the ocean. However, little is known about the circadian clock in marine diatoms compared with other organisms. Here, we investigated circadian clock genes, their expression patterns, and responses to environmental stimuli such as light, nitrogen and phosphorus in two marine diatoms, Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, using a combination of qRT-PCR and bioinformatic analysis. We identified 17 and 18 circadian clock genes in P. tricornutum and S. costatum, respectively. Despite significant evolutionary differences, these genes were similar to those of the higher plant Arabidopsis. We also established a molecular model for the marine diatom circadian clock comprising an input pathway, core oscillator, output pathway, and valve effector. Notably, the expression patterns of core clock genes (circadian clock associated 1 (CCA1), late elongated hypocotyl (LHY) and timing of cab 1 (TOC1)) in both species differed from those of terrestrial plants. Furthermore, the expression of these genes was influenced by variations in ambient light, nitrogen and phosphorus availability. Although marine diatoms and higher plants share common circadian clock components, their clock genes have diverged throughout evolution, likely as a result of adapting to contrasting environments. 相似文献
18.
--Eight common red tide species including the Dinoflagellates Ale randrium tamarense,Prorocentrum minimum, Prorocentrum mican, Diatoms Skeletonema costatum , Cerataulina pelagica, Leptocylindrus minimus, a Raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo and a Chrysophyte Ivohrysis galbana were chosen to study the effect of four nitrogen substrates ( NO3 - N, NH4 - N, Urea - N,Mixed - N) on the growth of these algae. After two transfers, the results showed that at N concentration of 550μrnol, NO3 N was the best nitrogen source among these four nitrogen substrates; Urea - N and Mixed- N were also good for the growth of most algae, but not as good as NO3 - N for some species; NH4 - N inhibited the growth of all these species except H. akashiwo. At concentrations of 280 and 50 μmnol experiments on the growth of I. galbana, P. minimum and L. minimus in NH4 - N and NO3 - N substrates were also performed. The results showed that the growth rates of I. galbana were not significantly different from each other in NO3 - N and NH4 - N substrates both concentrations of 280 and 50 μmol. In concentration of 280μmol NH4 - N substrate, the growth rates of P.minimum and L. minimus were slower than in same concentration of NO3 - N; At concentration of 50μrmol , the growth rate of P. minimum in NH4 - N was not significantly different from that in NO3 - N, while the growth rate of L. minimus was only about 30% of that in NO3 - N substrate.The results indicated that each alga had its own preference in N-substrate and concentration, therefore,different nitrogen substrates may play a role in red tide formation. 相似文献