共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
菲律宾蛤仔稚贝摄食、呼吸和排泄率的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文利用实验生态学的方法研究了不同温度对菲律宾蛤仔稚贝的呼吸、排泄的影响以及在25℃下菲律宾蛤仔稚贝对4种单细胞藻类的滤食率．实验结果表明，温度对菲律宾蛤仔稚贝耗氧率、排氨率有显著影响，菲律宾蛤仔稚贝在12-32℃范围内，排氨率随温度的升高呈峰值变化，在26℃排氨率达到最大值然后开始下降，耗氧率随温度的升高而增大，耗氧率（OR）和温度（t）的回归方程为：OR=0．0155e^0.696t，R^2=0．9291．O：N也随着温度的升高而升高，菲律宾蛤仔稚贝呼吸Q10平均3．8，排泄Q10平均是1．88．菲律宾蛤仔稚贝在单位时问内（g／h）对4种藻类的滤食率高低依次为扁藻〉小球藻〉金藻〉角毛藻，差异极显著（P〈0．01）。 相似文献
2.
利用实验生态学的方法研究了不同温度对宽壳全海笋(Barnea dilatata)稚贝呼吸、排泄的影响以及宽壳全海笋对温度、盐度、pH、氨氮、底质等环境因子的适应性。结果表明,温度对宽壳全海笋稚贝的耗氧率、排氨率有显著影响,在14～34℃范围内,耗氧率和排氨率随着温度的升高而增大,排氨率与温度相关方程:y=0.01e0.4379x,R2=0.9948,耗氧率与温度相关方程:y=0.0896lnx 0.0912,R2=0.9558。O∶N(摩尔比)随着温度的升高总体呈下降趋势,稚贝呼吸Q10(温度系数)平均值是2.53,排泄Q10平均值是3.1。宽壳全海笋稚贝的适宜温度和盐度范围分别为15～30℃和15～25;pH的适宜范围为7.0～9.0;氨氮的96h半致死浓度为30.3mg/L,安全浓度为3.03mg/L。不同壳长的宽壳全海笋稚贝对不同厚度泥底质的适应性无明显差异。 相似文献
3.
温度、盐度及体重对条石鲷幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用实验生态学的方法研究了不同温度、盐度及体重对条石鲷幼鱼的呼吸、排泄的影响。结果表明,不同温度、盐度和体重对条石鲷幼鱼耗氧率、排氨率有显著影响（P〈0.05）。耗氧率随温度的升高而增大。在10-30℃时,条石鲷幼鱼随着温度的升高,排氨率明显升高;S为5-45时,耗氧率先下降再升高,然后再下降,差异显著（P〈0.05）,排氨率先下降再升高;条石鲷幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率随体重的增加而下降。O∶N比也随着温度升高和体重增加而升高,不同温度下条石鲷幼鱼平均O∶N比为95.437,呼吸Q10平均值是1.274,排泄Q10平均值是1.585;S为5-45时,O∶N比的范围是41.662-107.736;不同体重的条石鲷幼鱼平均O∶N比为72.083。10-35℃时条石鲷幼鱼主要以脂肪和碳水化合物为能源,蛋白质其次。 相似文献
4.
采用室内实验生态学方法对华贵栉孔扇贝的耗氧率和排氨率进行了研究。旨在为华贵栉孔扇贝养殖容量的调查及生态生理的研究提供参考,并可为海洋生态系统动力学和贝类能量学研究提供科学依据。实验结果表明,在实验温度(13—33℃)范围内,华贵栉孔扇贝的耗氧率(OR)和排氨率(NR)与体重(W)都呈负相关,可以用Y=aW-b表示。华贵栉孔扇贝的耗氧率和温度的关系可以表示为OR=-c+b1T-b2T2。在13—28℃温度范围内,华贵栉孔扇贝的耗氧率随温度的升高而增加,28℃时,耗氧率达到最大值,温度升高到33℃时,耗氧率反而下降。而排氨率与温度的关系可以表示为1NR=c1edT,在实验温度范围内,排氨率随温度的升高则呈持续升高趋势。华贵栉孔扇贝呼吸和排泄Q10值范围分别为0.466—2.471和1.129—2.437。在23—28℃温度范围内,不同规格华贵栉孔扇贝的耗氧率和排氨率的比值(原子数O:N)较高。方差分析表明,体重、温度及二者的交互作用对华贵栉孔扇贝的耗氧率和排氨率均有极显著的影响(P0.01)。华贵栉孔扇贝的日常代谢明显高于标准代谢,耗氧率和排氨率平均值分别提高29.9%和69.4%。 相似文献
5.
6.
《应用海洋学学报》2014,(1)
利用静水密闭式呼吸仪,测定了不同温度(10、12、……、30℃)条件下褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率变化.结果表明,温度对幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率均有显著影响(p0.05).温度10~30℃,幼鱼耗氧率、排氨率变化范围分别为0.02~0.30 mg/(g·h)和2.64~10.01μg/(g·h),温度26、16℃时耗氧率和排氨率分别上升至峰值,分别为最小值10℃组的15.00、3.79倍;温度(T)对幼鱼耗氧率R O[mg/(g·h)]和排氨率R N[μg/(g·h)]的影响可分别用多项式表示:R O=-2.00×10-5T4+1.50×10-3T3-3.69×10-2T2+0.397 8T-1.537 6,R2=0.988和R N=3.00×10-5T6-4.00×10-3T5+0.199 6T4-5.111 1T3+70.817T2-501.10T+141 5.80,R2=0.964;幼鱼的氨熵变化范围为0.02~0.19,其蛋白质供能比变化范围为5.64%~56.65%,平均蛋白质供能比为22.56%;各温度跨度代谢率Q10值均值为4.02,18~28℃代谢率Q10值为2.81±0.09与鱼类平均Q10值较接近;各温度跨度组排泄率Q10均值为0.93,对比同一温度跨度组代谢率和排泄率Q10值,代谢率Q10值均大于排泄率Q10值两倍以上,最大组间相差达7倍.因此,幼鱼能量消耗的供能物质以脂肪和碳水化合物为主,蛋白质为辅.此外,温度变化对幼鱼代谢的影响程度明显大于对排泄的影响,且其适宜生长温度为18~28℃. 相似文献
7.
《海洋与湖沼》2017,(2)
采用室内实验生态学方法研究了不同温度梯度、规格体重等特质对大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)耗氧率(R_O)和排氨率(R_N)的影响,以及氧氮比(O︰N)对大弹涂鱼能源物质的分析。结果表明,当温度恒定时,大弹涂鱼的耗氧率和排氨率分别随大弹涂鱼体重的增加而下降,体重(W)与单位体重的耗氧率之间的关系呈负指数相关。温度和体重对大弹涂鱼耗氧率、排氨率均有显著影响(F0.01)。随着温度的升高(16—31oC),大弹涂鱼耗氧率明显升高;在31—36oC时,耗氧率从高位缓慢下降;排氨率在此温度范围内,一直上升到最高。大弹涂鱼耗氧率和排氨率随体重的增加而下降,而温度和体重的交替作用对耗氧率、排氨率影响不显著。O︰N比也随着温度升高而下降,不同温度下大弹涂鱼平均O︰N比为23.1,呼吸Q_(10)平均值为1.495,排泄Q_(10)平均值为1.798;大、中规格的大弹涂鱼O︰N比值接近,比小规格鱼的O︰N比值低。16—31oC时大弹涂鱼主要以脂肪和碳水化合物为能源,蛋白质其次。 相似文献
8.
采用室内实验生态学方法研究了不同温度梯度、规格体重等特质对大弹涂鱼（Boleophthalmus pectinirostris）耗氧率（RO）和排氨率（RN）的影响,以及氧氮比（O︰N）对大弹涂鱼能源物质的分析。结果表明,当温度恒定时,大弹涂鱼的耗氧率和排氨率分别随大弹涂鱼体重的增加而下降,体重（W）与单位体重的耗氧率之间的关系呈负指数相关。温度和体重对大弹涂鱼耗氧率、排氨率均有显著影响（F>0.01）。随着温度的升高（16-31℃）,大弹涂鱼耗氧率明显升高;在31-36℃时,耗氧率从高位缓慢下降;排氨率在此温度范围内,一直上升到最高。大弹涂鱼耗氧率和排氨率随体重的增加而下降,而温度和体重的交替作用对耗氧率、排氨率影响不显著。O︰N比也随着温度升高而下降,不同温度下大弹涂鱼平均O︰N比为23.1,呼吸Q10平均值为1.495,排泄Q10平均值为1.798;大、中规格的大弹涂鱼O︰N比值接近,比小规格鱼的O︰N比值低。16-31℃时大弹涂鱼主要以脂肪和碳水化合物为能源,蛋白质其次。 相似文献
9.
利用静水密闭式呼吸仪,测定了不同温度（10、12、……、30℃）条件下褐菖鼬（Sebastiscus marmoratus）幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率变化．结果表明,温度对幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率均有显著影响（P〈0．05）．温度10～30℃,幼鱼耗氧率、排氨率变化范围分别为0．02～0．30mg／（g·h）和2．64～10．01ug／（g·h）,温度26、16℃时耗氧率和排氨率分别上升至峰值,分别为最小值10℃组的15．00、3．79倍;温度（F）对幼鱼耗氧率R0[mg／（g·h）]和排氨率RN[ug／（g·h）]的影响可分别用多项式表示：R0=-2．00×10^-5 T4＋1．50×10^-3 T3-3．69×10^-2 T2＋0．3978T-1．5376,R2=0．988和RN=3．00×10^-5 T6 -4．00×10^-3 T5＋0．1996 T4-5．1111T3＋70．817T2-501．10T＋1415．80,R2=0．964;幼鱼的氨熵变化范围为0．02～0．19,其蛋白质供能比变化范围为5．64％～56．65％,平均蛋白质供能比为22．56％;各温度跨度代谢率Q10值均值为4．02,18～28℃代谢率Q10值为2．81±0．09与鱼类平均Q10值较接近;各温度跨度组排泄率Q10均值为0．93,对比同一温度跨度组代谢率和排泄率Q10值,代谢率Q10值均大于排泄率Q10值两倍以上,最大组间相差达7倍．因此,幼鱼能量消耗的供能物质以脂肪和碳水化合物为主,蛋白质为辅．此外,温度变化对幼鱼代谢的影响程度明显大于对排泄的影响,且其适宜生长温度为18～28℃． 相似文献
10.
温度及体重对鮸鱼幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
利用实验生态学方法研究了不同温度及体重对鮸鱼Miichthys miiuy幼鱼的呼吸、排泄的影响。结果表明,不同温度和体重对鮸鱼幼鱼耗氧率、排氨率有显著影响(p<0.05),耗氧率随温度的升高而增大并呈指数相关,相关方程为:RO=0.168e0.035 5T(R2=0.960 71);鮸鱼幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率随体重的增加而下降并呈幂函数相关,相关方程分别为:RO=0.613 9W-0.403 1(R2=0.994 3),RN=25.055W-0.287 7(R2=0.997 8)。O/N比也随着温度升高和体重增加而升高,不同温度下鮸鱼幼鱼平均O/N比值为21.963,呼吸Q10平均是1.415,排泄Q10平均是1.419;不同规格鮸鱼幼鱼平均O/N比值为21.855。10-30℃鮸鱼幼鱼主要以蛋白质为能源,脂肪和碳水化合物其次。随着温度的升高,鮸鱼幼鱼的蛋白质代谢比率降低,而脂肪和碳水化合物的代谢比率增大。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
14.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
15.
16.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
17.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
19.
This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
20.
Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献