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1.
拖网选择性引起的鱼类表型性状选择差的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文应用数值模拟的方法,研究了拖网选择性引起的鱼类表型性状(生长速率K、极限体长L∞、初次性成熟年龄Am)的选择差,通过假设不同的白噪音CV、自然死亡系数M、极限体长L∞、种群的样本大小Ss及网目尺寸Ms来估算鱼类表型性状的选择差在最大捕捞死亡系数逐渐加强时的变化情况。模拟结果表明捕捞死亡系数越大,造成的K、L∞、Am选择差也越大,并且Am的选择差增大的速率比K、L∞的小。白噪音越大,自然死亡系数越大,种群受捕捞影响产生的K、L∞、Am的选择差越大;极限体长的大小和种群的样本大小对K、L∞、Am的选择差的影响不大;网目尺寸越大,K、L∞、Am的选择差越小。随着最大捕捞死亡系数的增大,种群的生长速率变大,极限体长变小,初次性成熟年龄提前。表明了捕捞压力造成鱼类生存环境的变化,鱼类种群发生自适应进化响应,表现在表型性状的变化,且捕捞强度越大,环境差异越大,导致的表型性状选择差越大。 相似文献
2.
鱼类自然死亡率的估算及其影响因子的探讨 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为探讨鱼类自然死亡率参数,文中讨论了1种通过资源量和渔获量数据估算鱼类自然死亡率(M)的方法。蒙特卡罗模拟分析显示当资源量的白色噪音,即变异系数(CV)水平小于大约10％时自然死亡率的估计值基本上是准确的;捕捞死亡率的变化对自然死亡率估计的影响不大。文中构造了长寿命自然死亡率小和短寿命自然死亡率大的2个鱼类种群,模拟结果表明这种方法更适用于寿命短而自然死亡率大的种群。另外该方法在黄海鲲鱼(Engraulis japonicus)渔业数据上的应用同样得到了良好的结果。 相似文献
3.
根据已开发鱼类种群的自然死亡率（M）在鱼类资源评估中的重要作用,讨论了1种应用实际种群分析（VPA）（亦即世代分析方法）估算鱼类自然死亡率的方法.文中假设了捕捞努力量（E）已知和未知2种情况,并同时求出了其他种群参数,如可捕系数,补充量等.在蒙特卡罗模拟分析中,假设了4种模拟渔业（管理良好的渔业,掠夺式渔业,恢复性渔业和稳定性渔业）对该方法进行了验证.并将von-Bertalanffy生长方程（VBGF）引入VPA模型来估算鱼类的自然死亡率.当CV等于20%时,在4种模拟渔业中鱼类各龄自然死亡率（Ma）的EP均小于10%.在已知单位捕捞努力量渔获量数据时,计算北大西洋长鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus alalunga）的M等于0.119,这个结果比先前假定的值（0.3）小,但考虑到该鱼种所承受的高的捕捞压力作者认为该估计值是合理的. 相似文献
4.
海州湾及邻近海域大泷六线鱼的生长、死亡和最适开捕体长研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2011年海州湾及邻近海域的底拖网调查资料,对大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)的群体结构、体长-体重关系、生长、死亡和资源利用状况进行初步研究。结果表明:大泷六线鱼渔获群体体长范围为44~292mm,优势体长组为54~74mm,平均体长为88mm;体重范围为0.35~574.3g,优势体重组为10g,平均体重为17.94g;体长-体重关系为W=4.23×10-6 L3.31(R2=0.978 6,n=1 514)。应用FiSATⅡ软件中的ELEFANⅠ方法估算的von Bertalanffy生长方程参数L∞、K和t0分别为328mm、0.36a-1和-0.43a;应用FiSAT软件中变换体长渔获曲线法求得总死亡系数Z为2.06,自然死亡系数M和捕捞死亡系数F分别为0.62和1.44,开发率E为0.70。Beverton-Holt单位补充量渔获量模型分析表明,在现行捕捞死亡系数F=1.44、YW/R取最大值时对应的开捕年龄为1.83a。现阶段大泷六线鱼资源已处于过度开发状态,考虑拐点年龄、临界年龄、繁殖和经济效益等综合因素,建议将海州湾大泷六线鱼最适开捕规格定为体长191mm。 相似文献
5.
连续Schaefer产量模型在三种模拟渔业评估中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
剩余产量模型具有形式简单和所需数据少的特点，使其在许多渔业资源评估中已经成为非常有吸引力的工具。本文主要分析了连续Shaefer产量模型在三种模拟渔业中的应用效果。蒙特卡罗模拟分析表明：模型对在高产量和低产量之间波动的渔业三的评估效果好于其他两种模拟渔业。这可能由于渔业三经历了过度捕捞和恢复两个阶段，所以其数据中含有更多的信息，而其他两种渔业仅仅经历了其中的一个阶段。当白色噪音小于10％时，估计的产量接近于观测产量，误差百分比小于5％；当白色噪音大于30％时，误差百分比接近40％。 相似文献
6.
刺网选择性对鱼类表型性状的选择作用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究从刺网选择性对鱼类表型性状的影响入手,应用数值模拟方法,模拟了一个具有一定体长特征的鱼类种群,利用具有多项选择参数(曲线标准差σ,最适体长l0,选择性因素R0)的刺网曲线对其进行长期捕捞作用,并在去除捕捞的情况下探讨这种影响的稳定性。结果表明,刺网捕捞作业长期作用于鱼类种群,会对种群体长组成产生深远的影响,开发率(E)越大,效果越明显。当刺网最适捕捞体长与初始种群优势体长重合时(l0=15),造成种群体长分布峰值的分化;如果l0>15,则导致种群体长组成向小型化方向偏移;反之则会造成种群体长组成向大型化方向偏移;而且这种影响可能伴随遗传因素,具有不可逆性。 相似文献
7.
渔业产量和资源生物量数值模型及相关因子的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对于渔业的中长期预报计算,是渔业种群补充的关键问题。本文在单位补充量产量和单位补充量生物量模型中加入了亲体一补充模型即密度相关过程,并引入了白色噪音以模拟环境变化。结果表明：本研究(1)可以明确地给出渔业种群崩溃的可能性,估计出达到崩溃时的捕捞死亡率;(2)可以估计最大持续产量的绝对值;(3)引入的白色噪音可以模拟环境变化对产量与捕捞死亡率和产量与亲体生物量关系曲线的影响。虽然亲体补充关系仍多是个假设,补充与亲体之间存在的补偿机制需要进一步的研究。 相似文献
8.
传统的渔业资源评估均假设鱼类的生长参数是匀质的，然而近年来越来越多的研究表明海洋鱼类生长存在空间异质性。为探究海州湾鱼类生长参数的空间异质性现象，本研究分析了2013–2018年海州湾及其邻近海域方氏云鳚(Pholis fangi)、尖海龙(Syngnatus acus)、小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)和赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssa kammalensis)的空间分布，使用电子体长频率分析方法结合Bootstrap重抽样方法估算了这4种鱼类的生长参数及其在深、浅水区域中的差异。结果显示，这4种鱼类生长参数均表现出一定的空间异质性，其中尖海龙和小黄鱼生长参数的空间异质性表现较为明显。这种差异可能是由于空间上的理化条件、群落结构以及物种本身洄游分布的差异而产生的。 相似文献
9.
北部湾大头白姑鱼生长特性及群体组成 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2006年7月~2007年12月北部湾商业捕捞底拖网和流刺网渔获物中采集的样本,通过矢耳石研磨和生长轮观察,初步研究了北部湾大头白姑鱼的年龄与生长特性,并对其渔业生物学特征进行了分析。结果表明,北部湾大头白姑鱼优势体长145~185 mm,占69.7%;优势体重为80~200 g,占69.2%;年龄组成为当龄鱼~Ⅵ龄鱼,以Ⅰ龄鱼与Ⅱ龄与为主,分别占24.60%和50.96%;样本的雌雄性比为1.05∶1,繁殖期性比为1.13∶1。利用最大似然法估计von Bertalanffy、Logistic和Gompertz生长方程的生长参数,ARSS检验表明雌雄生长差异不显著,AIC和BIC检验得出von Bertalanffy生长方程为最适生长模型。主要参数分别为:L∞=229.95 mm,K=0.408,t0=-0.962;体重的生长拐点为1.753龄。 相似文献
10.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(10)
陡度是亲体与补充量模型中的关键参数,能反映补充量受亲体量的约束程度,但该参数难以通过渔业资源评估模型直接估计,而随意假设则可能会降低渔业资源评估结果的可靠性。因此,本文提出了利用生物量动态模型(Biomass dynamic model)与Euler-Lotka方程估计陡度经验分布的方法。先利用贝叶斯生物量动态模型估计内禀增长率的分布,在此基础上,利用Euler-Lotka方程估计陡度的经验分布,再以印度洋长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)陡度估计为例,展示了该方法。研究表明:陡度的估计受资源丰度指数、自然死亡系数、性成熟率、生长参数等数据的影响;当使用中国台湾延绳钓渔业在15°S~45°S、55°E~100°E海域的标准化CPUE、4种自然死亡系数与4种性成熟率时,生物量动态模型能较好估计内禀增长率,估计的陡度均值在0.80~0.87之间,与大西洋、北太平洋长鳍金枪鱼陡度值基本一致,估计结果具有合理性;同时,本文陡度估计支持印度洋长鳍金枪鱼资源处于健康状态的判断。研究结果将进一步丰富陡度估计方法,为陡度的合理假设及印度洋长鳍金枪鱼的资源评估提供理论支持。 相似文献
11.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
12.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
14.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
15.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
16.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献