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1.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(6)
本文采用电化学聚合法在碳毡表面沉积制备聚苯胺基改性阳极。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)进行成分表征,用光学显微镜对改性电极表面形貌进行表征,并进行了一系列电化学测试。结果表明,聚苯胺和聚吡咯优异的电化学性能使电池的抗极化性能得到提高,最大输出功率密度提高了3倍左右,电池的整体性能得到改善。最后探讨了聚苯胺基改性阳极的作用机理。 相似文献
2.
海泥中SRB对A3钢电偶效应的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在室内模拟条件下研究了在海泥中硫酸盐还原菌 (SRB)对A3钢电偶效应的影响。实验在两个大型塑料槽中进行。A3钢样尺寸为 2 0cm× 1 0cm× 0 .3cm ,海泥中SRB的含量用MPN三管计数法进行测定 ;电导率、pH、氧化还原电位、泥温和盐度等参数用SY - 5型电导 -pH/mV -温度计进行测量 ;用失重法测量腐蚀速度 ;用零电阻表测量电偶电流。试验共进行 2 61d。SRB含量随时间的变化基本保持恒定。在电偶条件下A3钢在灭菌泥和有菌泥中的腐蚀速度分别为0 0 0 77mm/a和 0 0 4 9mm/a,在非电偶条件下A3钢在灭菌泥和有菌泥中的腐蚀速度分别为 0 0 0 89mm/a和 0 0 4 4mm/a。A3钢在有菌泥和无菌泥中的样板之间的电偶电流随时间的变化幅度在2 5μA左右 ,且有方向逆转现象。试验结果表明 ,在有菌泥中A3钢的腐蚀速度是无菌泥中的 5 5倍 ,说明SRB在海泥腐蚀中有重要作用。埋在相邻的有菌海泥和无菌海泥的试样之间都发生了电偶腐蚀。处在有菌海泥中的钢样为电偶对的阳极 ,处在无菌海泥中的钢样为电偶对的阴极。在实验期间内电偶效应对试样的加速作用为 1 1 .4%。 相似文献
3.
4.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(10)
本文针对海水电池的使用工况条件,通过开路电位、动电位极化、恒流放电、失重等测试方法,系统评价了MgGa-Hg合金在海水中的电化学行为。结果表明,Mg-Ga-Hg合金开路电位为-1.91~-1.95V,在1~9mA/cm2电流密度下放电时工作电位均负于-1.9V,激活时间小于10s,电流效率在70%左右,且间歇放电性能良好,在大于1.5%盐度的静态或动态海水中均具有良好的电化学活性,适合作海水溶解氧电池负极材料。 相似文献
5.
VC对河蟹血清和组织中超氧化物歧化酶及磷酸酶活性的影响 总被引：36，自引：2，他引：36
研究了饲料中添加不同含量VC 对河蟹体内超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)和酸性磷酸酶 (ACP)活性的影响 .结果表明 ,饲料中不添加VC 时 ,河蟹肝胰腺、卵巢、血清和肌肉各组织中SOD、ALP和ACP活性各异 ,其中SOD活性大小顺序为肝胰腺 >卵巢 >血清 >肌肉 ,ALP活性顺序为肝胰腺 >血清 >卵巢 >肌肉 ,而ACP活性则为肝胰腺 >血清 >肌肉 >卵巢 .饲料中VC 添加量分别 2 .5× 1 0 - 3 、5.0×1 0 - 3 、1 0 .0× 1 0 - 3 和 1 5.0× 1 0 - 3 (m m)时 ,与对照组相比 ,河蟹不同组织中SOD活性显著下降 (p <0 .0 5或 p <0 .0 1 ) ,而ALP、ACP这两种酶的活性却显著升高 (p <0 .0 5或 p <0 .0 1 ) .但它们的变化幅度不同 ,其中就肝胰腺、卵巢、血清和肌肉中SOD活性而言 ,VC 添加量为 1 5.0× 1 0 - 3 (m m )饲料组分别比对照组的低1 41 .3 4 %、1 2 5.94%、1 1 6.67%和 1 1 5.79%;ALP活性 ,VC 添加量为 1 0 .0× 1 0 - 3(m m)饲料组分别比对照组高 93 .0 %、77.5%、1 66.3 %和 2 66.4%;ACP活性 ,VC的添加量为 1 5.0× 1 0 - 3 (m m)饲料组分别比对照组高 1 3 0 .7%、2 3 7.4%、43 7.6%和 2 65.5%.饲料中VC 添加量为 (5.0～ 1 0 .0 )× 1 0 - 3 (m m )时 ,可有效地增强河蟹非特异性免疫能力 .此外 ,本实验还就VC 相似文献
6.
热浸镀用锌及锌铝合金的恒电流电化学性能 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在海水腐蚀过程中，热浸镀层金属(或合金)对钢铁基体的阴极保护作用是很重要的因素，只有驱动电位大且稳定、电流效率高、表面腐蚀均匀的镀层才能保证钢材在海水中使用长久。作按照国标GB／T171848-1999的要求对几种典型的热浸镀用锌及锌铝合金测试了开路电位、工作电位，计算了电流效率，观察了腐蚀产物脱落情况及腐蚀均匀性，评价了各种典型镀层金属(合金)的电化学保护性能。研究表明，Zn的电化学性能最好，Zn-55A1-1．6Si合金的电化学性能最差，Zn-5Al-0．2RE、Zn-5Al-0．1Mg、Zn-6Al-3Mg、Zn-11AL-3Mg-0．2Si、Zn-25AL-0．2Mg-0．2Si和Zn-25Al-0．2RE-0．2Si合金介于二之间。 相似文献
7.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(12)
浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)富含多种营养物质和活性物质,对机体具有抗病助长和影响营养代谢等作用。本研究采用超微粉碎技术加工浒苔,研究其不同添加浓度(0、1%、2%、3%、4%和5%)对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus♂×Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀)生长性能、非特异性免疫及肠道消化酶活性的影响。研究显示:(1)与对照组相比,在基础饲料中添加4%的浒苔,显著降低了石斑鱼饵料系数(FCR),提高了增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)(P0.05)。浒苔的添加对石斑鱼成活率(SR)和肥满度(CF)的影响不显著,对肝体指数(HSI)的影响仅在2%添加量时显著高于对照组(P0.05)。(2)添加4%的浒苔,显著提高了石斑鱼血清中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性(P0.05);血清中的碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性和ACP活性在5%添加量时达到各组中最大值,显著高于对照组(P0.05);血清中总蛋白(TP)含量在2%和5%添加量时较对照组有显著性提高(P0.05);酚氧化酶(PO)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性受浒苔添加的影响不显著。(3)4%浒苔显著提高了肠脂肪酶、肠胰蛋白酶活性(P0.05),肠总蛋白(TP)含量仅在1%添加量时显著高于对照组(P0.05),浒苔的添加对肠道中淀粉酶活性影响不显著。研究结果表明:超微粉碎浒苔能够显著提高珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的生长性能、肠道消化酶活力及非特异性免疫力,且最佳添加量为4%。 相似文献
8.
本研究的目的是利用聚苯胺修饰双室微生物燃料电池(MFC),从海水养殖废水中分离筛选阳极海洋产电菌,并利用响应面Box-Behnken设计优化各产电因子,提高产电性能。从海水养殖池塘的废水和污泥中分离出一株兼性厌氧海洋菌株,利用16S rRNA基因序列和API 20NE生化分析进行鉴定,采用扫描电镜进行菌株形态的观察。采用循环伏安法(CV)和电化学阻抗谱法(EIS)研究了不同阳极电极在MFC中的性能。采用Box-Behnken设计(BBD)对复合模式进行优化。结果显示:分离到的阳极海洋产电菌株鉴定为希瓦氏菌Shewanella sp.N3B_R,聚苯胺修饰阳极可以减少MFC的电荷转移电阻,输出电压和功率密度比未经修改的碳布电极分别提高了3倍和10倍。BBD结果表明,最适温度为35℃,NaCl和苯胺浓度分别为5 g/L和0.15 mol/L,得到的功率密度最高产率为522.1 mW/m2。 相似文献
9.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(Z1)
以初始体重(1.57±0.04)g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为实验对象,研究饲料中添加包膜丁酸钠对凡纳滨对虾的生长性能和血清非特异性免疫酶活性的影响。在对虾配合饲料中分别添加0%(对照组)、0.25%、0.5%、1%、2%和3%的包膜丁酸钠作为6种实验饲料,进行投喂,养殖实验进行42d。研究表明,包膜丁酸钠对凡纳滨对虾的生长具有促进作用,各包膜丁酸钠添加组对虾的增重率和特定生长率均显著高于对照组(P0.05);2%和3%添加组对虾的成活率显著高于对照组(P0.05);0.5%、1%、2%和3%添加组对虾的饵料系数显著低于对照组(P0.05)。对于血清非特异性免疫酶活性,1%、2%和3%添加组对虾血清中酚氧化酶(PO)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05),血清中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性均与对照组无显著差异(P0.05);0.5%添加组SOD活性最高,显著高于对照组(P0.05),与1%、2%和3%添加组无显著差异(P0.05);0.25%添加组对虾血清中过氧化物酶(POD)活性最高,显著高于对照组和0.5%添加组(P0.05),与1%、2%和3%添加组无显著差异(P0.05);1%添加组对虾血清中溶菌酶(LSZ)活性最高,显著高于对照组(P0.05),与其余添加组无显著差异(P0.05)。综合上述结果,饲料中添加适量的包膜丁酸钠可以促进凡纳滨对虾的生长,提高血清非特异性免疫酶活性。以特定生长率为评价指标,饲料中包膜丁酸钠的适宜添加量为2.08%。 相似文献
10.
微生物聚合物聚-?-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)具有良好的生物降解性、生物相容性和热塑性,在环保、医药和农业领域具有广阔的应用前景。高PHB积累菌株的获得及其发酵条件的研究具有很好的实用价值。作者从渤海湾日晒盐场盐田卤水中分离出一株杆状细菌,经16S r DNA序列测序比对,确定为盐杆菌属(Halomonas),命名为Halomonas 100-16-2,其最适生长盐度为50~100,最适生长p H为7~8,属中度嗜盐菌。在酸水解酪蛋白(7.5 g/L)的基础培养基中分别添加0、10、20和30 g/L葡萄糖,研究盐度100条件下不同葡萄糖添加量对Halomonas 100-16-2生长和PHB含量的影响。结果表明,随着葡萄糖浓度的增加,该菌株的生长和PHB积累显著提高。葡萄糖质量浓度为30 g/L时,细胞干质量达8.60 g/L,PHB含量达到5.57 g/L(即达到细胞干质量的65%)。本研究为渤海湾盐田微生物资源的开发和利用提供了有价值的基础数据。 相似文献
11.
Parke A. Rublee Susan M. Merkel Maria A. Faust 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,16(5):501-509
The number of bacteria in sediments, interstitial water and overlying tidal water of an oligohaline marsh system are about 109, 106 and 106 cells cm?3, respectively. Average cell size in the overlying water (about 0·06 μm3), is much smaller than that in sediments and interstitial water (about 0·18 μm3). Most bacterial cells in sediments are bound to sediment particles and less than 1% of the cells were displaced by percolating water through sediment columns. Concentration of bacteria in flooding tidal waters is generally higher than that in ebbing waters. Movement of bacterial biomass does not appear to be a significant mechanism of particulate organic transport in marsh sediments and marsh sediments do not appear to be a source of suspended bacteria for estuaries. 相似文献
12.
The average corrected heat flow in the Wilmington Canyon region, an area of inferred slope instability, is 35 ± 10 mW/m2. This average heat flow is marginally consistent with the 46 ± 9 mW/m2 measured at other North Atlantic sites over 160 m.y. old. High topographic relief causes most of the variability in surface heat flow and may lower the mean surface heat flow. There is no significant difference between the average corrected heat flow of 35 ± 10 mW/m2 in sediment slide areas and the average corrected heat flow of 34 ± 10 mW/m2 in undisturbed sediments. 相似文献
13.
Parke A. Rublee 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1982,15(1):67-74
The number and size of bacteria at four depths (0–1, 5–6, 10–11 and 20–21 cm) in a North Carolina salt marsh were minotored by direct counts for 13 months. The number of bacteria reached a maximum of about 1·4 × 1010 cells cm?3 at the sediment surface in October, corresponding to the period of Spartina alterniflora die-back. Cell numbers were lowest and most consistent throughout the year at the 20 cm depth of sediment. Cell volumes averaged 0·2 μm3 at the marsh surface and decreased with depth. Mean standing crop of bacteria to a depth of 20 cm of sediment was about 14 g bacterial carbon m?2. In surface sediments bacteria contribute up to 15% and algae up to 10% of total living microbial biomass as estimated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Bacteria were the major biomass component at sediment depths of 5, 10 and 20 cm. At all depths the microbial community contributes < 4% total organic carbon and < 8% of total nitrogen. 相似文献
14.
Joo Serdio Helena Coelho Snia Vieira Snia Cruz 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,68(3-4):547
The migratory response of intertidal microphytobenthos to changes in irradiance was studied on undisturbed estuarine sediments. Two non-destructive optical techniques were used to trace variations in vivo of surface biomass: PAM fluorometry, for measuring the minimum fluorescence level (Fo); and spectral reflectance analysis, for quantifying the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Following the formation of a dense biofilm at the surface, replicated sediment samples were simultaneously exposed to six different irradiance levels, ranging from 50 to 1500 μmol m−2 s−1, during a period of 120 min. The migratory photoresponse of the biofilms was characterised by constructing biomass vs. light curves (BLC), relating the accumulation of microalgal biomass after that period (estimated by Fo or NDVI) to the irradiance level incident on the surface. BLCs allow characterising the main features of the migratory photoresponse of intact biofilms. Typical BLC showed a clear biphasic pattern, with an increase in microalgal accumulation under irradiances below 100 μmol m−2 s−1, maximum values under 100–250 μmol m−2 s−1, and a gradual decrease of surface biomass under higher irradiances, indicating a strong photophobic downward migratory response. Similar BLC patterns were obtained when measuring Fo or NDVI. The construction of BLCs for biofilms from intertidal sites with distinctive sediment characteristics and diatom taxonomic composition allowed to detected significant differences in the migratory photoresponse. Biofilms from a muddy sediment exhibited considerably larger amplitude in the migratory photoresponse than the biofilms from a sandy mud site, especially under high irradiances. The photophobic migratory response to high light was found to vary among diatom species, particularly in the case of the biofilms from the muddy sediments. 相似文献
15.
Biomass and respiration (oxygen consumption) of bacteria, microfauna, and meiofauna were measured in coarse sand sediment from Brown's Bank (172 m) off Nova Scotia, Canada. Community biomass, excluding macrofauna, had a median value of 35 mg C m−2, dominated by bacteria (51%), microfauna (25%), and a minor meiofauna component (2·5%). Protozoan microfauna were mostly microflagellates (colourless cryptomonads). The experimental design allowed partitioning of benthic metabolism without using subtraction from whole community rates. Addition-removal experiments with fauna separated into size categories were used to construct a respiration-biomass regression for all taxa. Respiration rates for faunal groups were then calculated from their biomass in the natural sediment. Total microbial and meiofaunal community respiration had a median rate of 0·55 ml O2 m−2 h−1 which was partitioned into median proportions of bacteria (50%) microflagellates (27%), and metazoan meiofauna (4%). Correlations among faunal biomass values from incubated vials of sediment suggested that bacteria were important prey for protozoans. With added biomass of meiofauna, protozoans also became a potentially important source of prey. The results demonstrated the significance of microflagellate protozoans in these sediments and their metabolic and trophic importance relative to meiofauna and even bacteria. 相似文献
16.
The effect of benthic oxygenic photosynthesis on sediment-water fluxes of manganese and iron was studied for an intertidal sediment. Undisturbed sediments were incubated at an incident surface irradiance of 250 μE m−2 s−1at 26 °C. Oxygenic photosynthesis was selectively inhibited by adding [3-(3,4-dichloro)-1,1-dimethyl-urea] (DCMU). Benthic fluxes were determined experimentally from the change in manganese and iron concentrations in the overlying water, and were predicted from the pore water concentration gradients at the sediment-water interface assuming molecular diffusion as the transport mechanism. The experimental fluxes of manganese and iron in DCMU-treated cores amounted to −0·84 and −0·59 mmol m−2day−1, respectively, and were directed from the sediment towards the overlying water. In the control cores, showing high rates of benthic oxygenic photosynthesis, the fluxes of manganese and iron were directed towards the sediment, 0·06 and 0·01 mmol m−2day−1, respectively. Mass balances for the 0·1–0·14 cm thick oxic zone, calculated from the experimental fluxes and the predicted fluxes, suggest a minimum areal reoxidation of 0·6 mmol m−2day−1for manganese and of 0·48 mmol m−2day−1for iron in cores showing benthic photosynthesis. The estimated turnover times for dissolved Mn2+and dissolved Fe2+in the oxic surface layer during benthic photosynthesis were 0·8 and 0·25 h, respectively. Sediment oxygen microprofiles and the sediment pH profiles suggest that chemical precipitation and reoxidation dominates the retention of manganese and iron during benthic oxygenic photosynthesis in shallow intertidal sediments. 相似文献
17.
The activity of234Th (t
1/2=24.1 days) in dissolved, particulate and sediment trap samples was determined in the water column off southwestern Taiwan during 2–4 October, 1993. Vertical234Th fluxes measured by the free-floating sediment traps ranged from 363 to 2290 dpm m–2 d–1 in the upper 450 m. Th-234 fluxes predicted from the irreversible scavenging model concur with those measured by the sediment traps. Comparison of the residence times of particulate234Th and particulate organic carbon showed that their respective values differ by a factor of approximately 23, which suggests organic carbon is preferentially recycled relative to234Th in the euphotic zone. 相似文献
18.
The temporal and spatial distribution of total and organic particulate matter is investigated in the Bideford River estuary. Particulate matter is homogenously distributed in both the water column and the surface sediment, due to high rates of resuspension and lateral transport. The measured mean sedimentation rate for the estuary is 183·5 g of particulate matter m?2 day?1, of which more than half is due to resuspension.The surface sediment of the estuary is quantitatively the dominant reservoir of organic matter, with an average of 902·5 g of particulate organic carbon (POC) m?2 and 119·5 g of particulate organic nitrogen (PON) m?2. Per unit surface area, the sediment contains 450 times more POC and 400 times more PON than the water column. Terrestrial erosion contributes high levels of particulate matter, both organic and inorganic, to the estuary from the surrounding watershed. Low rates of sediment export from the estuary result in the accumulation of the terrigenous material. The allochthonous input of terrigenous organic matter masks any relationship between the indigenous plant biomass and the organic matter.In the water column, a direct correlation exists between the organic matter, i.e. POC and PON, concentration and the phytoplankton biomass as measured by the plant pigments. Resuspension is responsible for the residual organic matter in the water column unaccounted for by the phytoplankton biomass.The particulate content of the water column and the surface sediment of the estuary is compared to that of the adjacent bay. Water-borne particulate matter is exported from the estuary to the bay, so that no significant differences in concentration are noted. The estuarine sediment, however, is five to six times richer in organic and silt-clay content than the bay sediment. Since sediment flux out of the estuary is restricted, the allochthonous contribution of terrigenous particulate matter to the bay sediment is minor, and the organic content of the bay sediment is directly correlated to the autochthonous plant biomass. 相似文献
19.
琼东南盆地深水区构造热演化特征及其影响因素分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
To reveal the tectonic thermal evolution and influence factors on the present heat flow distribution, based on 154 heat flow data, the present heat flow distribution features of the main tectonic units are first analyzed in detail, then the tectonic thermal evolution histories of 20 profiles are reestablished crossing the main deep-water sags with a structural, thermal and sedimentary coupled numerical model. On the basis of the present geothermal features, the Qiongdongnan Basin could be divided into three regions: the northern shelf and upper slope region with a heat flow of 50–70 m W/m2, most of the central depression zone of 70–85 m W/m2, and a NE trending high heat flow zone of 85–105 m W/m2 lying in the eastern basin. Numerical modeling shows that during the syn-rift phase, the heat flow increases generally with time, and is higher in basement high area than in its adjacent sags. At the end of the syn-rift phase, the heat flow in the deepwater sags was in a range of 60–85 m W/m2, while in the basement high area, it was in a range of 75–100 m W/m2. During the post-rift phase, the heat flow decreased gradually, and tended to be more uniform in the basement highs and sags. However, an extensive magmatism, which equivalently happened at around 5 Ma, has greatly increased the heat flow values, and the relict heat still contributes about 10–25 m W/m2 to the present surface heat flow in the central depression zone and the southern uplift zone. Further analyses suggested that the present high heat flow in the deep-water Qiongdongnan Basin is a combined result of the thermal anomaly in the upper mantle, highly thinning of the lithosphere, and the recent extensive magmatism. Other secondary factors might have affected the heat flow distribution features in some local regions. These factors include basement and seafloor topography, sediment heat generation, thermal blanketing, local magmatic injecting and hydrothermal activities related to faulting and overpressure. 相似文献
20.
The flux of ammonia, phosphate, silica and radon-222 from Potomac tidal river and estuary sediments is controlled by processes occurring at the sediment-water interface and within surficial sediment. Calculated diffusive fluxes range between 0·6 and 6·5 mmol m?2 day?1 for ammonia, 0·020 and 0·30 mmol m?2 day?1 for phosphate, and 1·3 and 3·8 mmol m?2 day?1 for silica. Measured in situ fluxes range between 1 and 21 mmol m?2 day?1 for ammonia, 0·1 and 2·0 mmol m?2 day?1 for phosphate, and 2 and 19 mmol m?2 day?1 for silica. The ratio of in situ fluxes to diffusive fluxes (flux enhancement) varied between 1·6 and 5·2 in the tidal river, between 2·0 and 20 in the transition zone, and from 1·3 to 5·1 in the lower estuary. The large flux enhancements from transition zone sediments are attributed to macrofaunal irrigation. Nutrient flux enhancements are correlated with radon flux enhancements, suggesting that fluxes may originate from a common region and that nutrients are regenerated within the upper 10–20 cm of the sediment column.The low fluxes of phosphate from tidal viver sediments reflect the control benthic sediment exerts on phosphorus through sorption by sedimentary iron oxyhydroxides. In the tidal river, benthic fluxes of ammonia and phosphate equal one-half and one-third of the nutrient input of the Blue Plains sewage treatment plant. In the tidal Potomac River, benthic sediment regeneration supplies a significant fraction of the nutrients utilized by primary producers in the water column during the summer months. 相似文献