共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
实验分析了不同浓度NaCl处理下,培养盐藻的过氧化物酶(POD)活性及其与细胞密度、β-胡萝卜素积累和蛋白质积累的关系.结果表明,盐藻过氧化物酶活性随盐度变化而改变:在适当盐度(60～90g/L)下,过氧化物酶活性很低;在较低盐度(30～60g/L)或较高盐度(90～150g/L)下,盐藻过氧化物酶活性均显著升高,说明盐藻过氧化物酶是一种盐度逆境适应酶.盐藻过氧化物酶活性与盐藻细胞密度及物质积累关系密切:盐藻过氧化物酶活性很低时,盐藻细胞密度大,同时β-胡萝卜素和蛋白质积累也多;随着盐藻过氧化物酶活性升高,盐藻细胞密度、β-胡萝卜素和蛋白质积累均逐渐降低,但盐藻过氧化物酶活性进一步升高时,盐藻蛋白质积累又有增加,可能在盐藻体内有逆境蛋白产生. 相似文献
2.
从日晒盐场结晶池中筛选到1株产C_(50)类胡萝卜素的红色极端嗜盐古菌。该菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,短棒状,最适生长盐度为250,最适生长pH为7。表型鉴定方法结合16S rDNA序列分析判定,该菌属于极端嗜盐古菌盐红菌属Halorubrum,命名为Halorubrum sp.Sp1(16S rRNA Genbank登录号为KF697239)。根据紫外-可见光扫描特征光谱,确定该菌株主要色素为C_(50)类胡萝卜素。pH 8时单位细胞色素积累量最大,在盐度150~300范围内随盐度升高,单位细胞色素积累量逐渐降低。 相似文献
3.
印度洋深海热液区一株盐单胞菌Halomonas sp. YD-7的分离鉴定及研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从印度洋深海热液区沉积物中筛选到一株耐盐菌,菌株形态呈杆状,长1.5～2.0 μm,宽0.5～0.7 μm,属革兰氏阴性菌,生长适温为4～55 ℃,最适为35 ℃;pH测试范围为4.0～10.5,最适为7.0;测试NaCl浓度为0～5.13 mol/L,最适为0.86 mol/L,该菌属于兼性厌氧菌.经16S rDNA鉴定该菌属于γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)盐单胞菌属(Halomonas),命名为Halomonas sp. YD-7.该菌与菌株Halomonas sp. ANT9086在进化位置上最为接近,同源性达98.1%,有可能是新种.对该菌株的生理生化特性进行了研究,发现该菌具有很强的适应能力,对温度、盐度和氧气的适应范围广.该菌株还具有很强的耐受和去除Mn2+的能力及一定的耐受和去除Cr6+的能力.表明该菌在污水处理与生物修复方面可能具有重要的应用价值. 相似文献
4.
从同安盐田土壤中分离到一株中度嗜盐菌TA-4,经过16S rDNA序列分析、形态学和生理生化特征分析,该茵株初步鉴定为盐单胞菌(Halomonas salina).TA-4能在2%-25%NaC1的培养基中生长,最适生长NaC1浓度为6%,最适生长温度为35℃,最适pH为7.0～8.0.在高盐条件下,TA-4能够在细胞内合成四氢嘧啶以维持渗透压的平衡,在15%培养基中其含量达到60.3mg/g细胞干重.渗透冲击试验表明TA-4细胞内的四氢嘧啶含量受培养基中的盐浓度调控,并且在低渗冲击时能够快速分泌到细胞外,在高渗冲击冲剂后的6h内又可以恢复到原来的90%以上. 相似文献
5.
6.
以从海南三亚近海海水中采集的样品为研究对象,利用平板筛选法筛到一株产酯酶的中度嗜盐菌菌株LYG1-1。通过形态学、生理生化及16S rRNA序列分析,发现该菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,其最适生长温度为30℃,最适生长pH为7.5,最适NaCl浓度为10%。16S rRNA基因序列分析显示,菌株LYG1-1与Halomonas salina亲缘性最近,16S rRNA基因序列相似性为99.72%。在含10%NaCl的0.05mol·L-1Tris-HCl(pH 8.0)缓冲液中,45℃条件下作用,酶活性最高,40℃处理24h仍保持83%的活性。金属离子浓度为5mmol·L-1时,Ca2+、Mg2+对菌株LYG1-1酶活具有明显的激活作用,Hg2+表现出强烈的抑制作用。 相似文献
7.
海洋来源的菌株在高盐污水类修复处理中有重要的应用前景,而烃类物质是污水中的重要组成部分,其中含有多个苯环的芳香烃族化合物,对人类和环境具有较大的毒性,而目前关于多环芳烃(PAHs)厌氧代谢的相关报道相对较少。本研究以PAHs(萘、菲和芘等)为唯一碳源和能源,通过厌氧富集对太平洋深海沉积物中的PAHs降解菌展开研究。富集物细菌菌群分析结果表明,盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、海旋菌属(Thalassospira)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter)、海洋杆菌属(Oceanobacter)和食烷菌属(Alcanivorax)等是主要的功能类群;其中盐单胞菌属是最主要的功能类群。通过筛选分离获得一高效烃降解盐单胞菌株,鉴定并命名为泰坦尼克盐单胞菌(Halomonas titanicae) PA16-9,该菌与模式菌株Halomonas titanicae BH1T的16S rRNA相似性为99.52%。基于16S rRNA基因序列比对搜寻NCBI数据库,发现Halomonas titanicae广泛存在于废水、活性污泥、油田、湿地等有机质复杂区域,生态位分布极广,可利用丰富多样的底物。通过生长实验表明,菌株PA16-9能在厌氧条件下以硝酸盐为主要电子受体,利用芘、苯并芘和十六烷等烃类物质为唯一碳源进行生长,在培养45 d后芘的降解率达到61.9%,期间亚硝酸盐逐渐积累,浓度达到约0.24 mmol/L。盐单胞菌广泛存在于厌氧烃降解富集菌群中,暗示了盐单胞菌属在厌氧烃代谢中可能发挥了重要作用,在实际应用上具有很大潜力。 相似文献
8.
盐藻SOD的盐适应性与物质积累的关系 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
实验分析了不同NaCl浓度处理下,盐藻SOD活性及其与细胞密度、β-胡萝卜素积累和蛋白质积累的关系.结果表明:在30～120 g/L的盐度范围内,随着NaCl浓度的提高,SOD活性极显著地增强,说明盐藻SOD是一种高盐适应酶.盐藻SOD活性与细胞密度及物质积累关系密切:在SOD活性为0.710×108 cells-1·min-1左右时,盐藻细胞密度、β-胡萝卜素和蛋白质的积累量都最高,而在SOD活性较低或较高时,盐藻细胞密度、β-胡萝卜素和蛋白质的积累量都较低.可能适当盐度下SOD的活动较好地保护了盐藻体内物质积累反应的进行. 相似文献
9.
深海产低温碱性淀粉酶菌Halomonas sp.W7的筛选及发酵条件研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从27份深海沉积物中筛选到30株产淀粉酶细菌,并对其中的W7菌株的产酶条件及酶学性质进行了研究。对W7菌株进行16SrDNA序列分析表明该菌株属于盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)。其最适生长温度为25℃,能适应pH值7～13和盐度0～100的环境条件。该菌株可利用多种碳源,但只在淀粉存在的条件下产酶,可利用有机氮源和无机氮源,但有机氮源更能促进淀粉酶的产生。产酶的最适条件为:25℃,pH10,接种量2%,盐度50,150r/min摇床培养36～48h。粗酶液的最适作用温度为40℃,最适pH值为10。该菌具有反硝化和氨化活性。 相似文献
10.
以渤海(塘沽海域)沉积物为材料,富集异化铁还原混合菌群。采用三层平板方法,从混合菌群中纯化出一株异化铁还原细菌KB52。通过形态观察和16S r RNA基因序列分析,菌株命名为Klebsiella sp.KB52(Gene Bank号KM233642)。在葡萄糖为电子供体,Fe(OH)_3为电子受体条件下厌氧培养菌株KB52,其细胞生长和Fe(Ⅲ)还原具有明显耦合关系。碳源分别设置为葡萄糖、乳酸钠、丙酮酸钠、乙酸钠、甲酸钠和丙酸钠,在海水培养条件下菌株KB52以丙酮酸钠为碳源时,菌株培养液累积Fe(Ⅱ)浓度最高,为4.41 mmol/L±0.59 mmol/L。菌株KB52在设定NaCl浓度范围内,都能够生长并具有铁还原性质,菌株表现出较强的耐盐性。NaCl质量浓度为4 g/L时,菌株KB52还原Fe(Ⅲ)效率最高,Fe(Ⅱ)达到4.95 mmol/L±0.72 mmol/L。铁还原细菌KB52在淡水和海水条件下能够生长并具有铁还原性质,可用于近海沉积物中微生物介导异化Fe(Ⅲ)还原过程,进一步应用于治理海洋环境污染。 相似文献
11.
经济海藻繁育、养殖及综合利用是海洋农牧业及工业的重要组成部分。20世纪经过几代人的努力，我国在海带、紫菜、裙带菜及龙须菜的繁育、养殖关键技术等方面成功取得突破，为这些海藻的产业化提供坚实的保障，为我国成为世界海藻大国奠定了基础。海藻养殖产业为人们提供了食品、藻胶及其它丰富的产品，这包括保健品、功能食品、化妆品及药物等。海藻养殖产业也对人类经济、社会的发展起到重要作用，通过吸收环境中的二氧化碳、氮和磷，为海洋生态环境的改善发挥了重要作用。本文对我国海藻繁育、养殖及综合开发的历程进行简要回顾，对当前我国、中国科学院海洋研究海藻研究与应用进行了总结，对海藻研究发展的未来进行了展望；适应海藻产业从量向质的方向转变，同时兼顾生态环境效益，为我国海藻研发及应用提供参考。 相似文献
12.
通过人工授精技术对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus )和夏鲆( Paralichthys dentatus )进行了正反交及回交实验,并比较了正反交、回交子代的胚胎发育时序和仔稚幼鱼的生长.结果表明:孵化水温18.0±0.5℃下,初孵仔鱼破膜用时为:牙鲆41 h,正交鲆47 h,回交牙鲆42 h30 min,回交夏鲆44 h;16.5±0.5℃下,夏鲆61 h 40 min,反交鲆66 h.正交及两组回交子代在胚胎期均可正常发育.反交子代卵裂期出现异常,仅少数胚胎可以孵化.胚胎孵化后,在1~64日的培养过程中,反交鲆于3~4 d 内全部死亡,回交牙鲆发育至18日龄时全部死亡.正交鲆和回交夏鲆可正常发育,与牙鲆没有明显差别 相似文献
13.
为了探究经过15年种间竞争后的外来无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)与乡土红树植物秋茄(Kandelia obovata)的群落现状与发展趋势,采用样方法对福建省厦门市同安湾典型红树林群落特征开展实地研究。结果表明:(1)无瓣海桑是无瓣海桑群落中的优势种,而秋茄仅在该群落北侧与无瓣海桑少量混交,秋茄+无瓣海桑群落为种植秋茄和无瓣海桑的茂密混交林;(2)调查幼苗天然更新情况中发现,在两个群落中秋茄均有幼苗自然生长,但均未发现无瓣海桑幼苗;(3)生长状况的调查发现,无瓣海桑长势较秋茄差,其倒伏数量和倒伏程度明显比秋茄严重;(4)无瓣海桑在秋茄+无瓣海桑群落中的生长状况优于在无瓣海桑群落,倒伏程度较轻。综上可见,无瓣海桑在福建省厦门市该研究样地及其周边更新成林和扩散困难,未有入侵秋茄群落的优势;无瓣海桑在风浪环境下,较秋茄更易出现倒伏和枯死等不可逆生长现象;红树林种植过程中采用"外来种+乡土种"的模式,可提高整个林分的抗风浪能力,但需注意种植布局规格的合理性,可避免外来速生快长种与乡土种紧邻混交产生较大的种间竞争,减小对乡土种生长的影响。 相似文献
14.
Vertical and horizontal distribution of meiofauna in mangrove sediments in Transkei, southern Africa
The depth-distribution profiles of meiofauna in four transects in the Mngazana River, Transkei were studied during summer 1980. Highest densities [±1000(100 cm3)−1] were encountered within the top 10 cm of the sediment. Nematodes dominated (80%) and the remainder was made up of ciliates, oligochaetes, gastrotrichs, and low numbers of polychaetes, copepods, kinorhynchs and various crustacean larvae. Among chemical parameters Eh correlated most consistantly with distribution, particularly at the lower tidal levels. Temperature and pH appeared to be of lesser importance. The maximum estimated depth of penetration was on average 72 cm at the HW levels; 32 at MW and 23 at LW. The mean dry biomass was estimated at 1073 mg m−2; 941 mg m−2 and 196 mg m−2 at these tidal levels respectively. The importance of preliminary studies designed to estimate the depth distribution of meiofauna is discussed. 相似文献
15.
The aim of the present study was to investigate seasonal and spatial patterns of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification, denitrification and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. In the salt marsh, intact soil cores including overlying water were collected monthly at high tide from April to October in salt marsh creeks and in areas covered by the dominant vegetation, Limonium serotinum. In May, cores were also collected in areas with vegetation dominated by Juncus maritimus and Halimione portulacoides. In laboratory incubations at in situ temperature in the dark, flux rates of oxygen and DIN were monitored in the overlying water of the intact cores. 15N-nitrate was added to the overlying water and nitrification and denitrification were measured using isotope-dilution and -pairing techniques. The results show that highest soil oxygen consumption coincided with the highest water temperature in June and July. The highest denitrification rates were recorded in spring and autumn coinciding with the highest nitrate concentrations. Soil oxygen consumption and nitrification rates differed between sampling sites, but denitrification rates were similar among the different vegetation types. The highest rates were recorded in areas covered with L. serotinum. Burrowing soil macrofauna enhanced oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification in April and May. The data presented in this study indicate high temporal as well as spatial variations in the flux of oxygen and DIN, and nitrogen transformations in the tidal salt marshes of the Venice lagoon during the growth season. The results identify the salt marshes of the Venice lagoon as being metabolically very active ecosystems with a high capacity to process nitrogen. 相似文献
16.
ＰｒｏｐａｇａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆＰｏｎｎｏｔｈｅｒｅｓｐｈｏｌａｄｉｓｌｉｖｉｎｇｉｎｍａｎｔｌｅｃａｖｉｔｙｏｆＨｉａｔｕｌａａｃｕｔａＹａｎｇＹａｏｃｏｎｇ,ＬｉＦｕｘｕｅ１,ＣａｉＬｉｚｈｅ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＡｐｒｉｌ２４,１９９７... 相似文献
17.
Copper and iron concentrations in three brown algae, Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Laminaria digitata (and additionally Mn in L. digitata) from the Irish west coast were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Metal concentrations in the three species were indicative of prevailing bioavailable metal concentrations in situ but varied greatly between functional tissue parts, between sites and over time. Cu concentrations in actively growing tips of A. nodosum decreased over a 4-month period during autumn/winter, while Fe concentrations increased. Both Fe and Cu concentrations in different thallus sections of A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus increased with increasing age of thallus part in a clean site, but there was no consistent trend for F. vesiculosus from an industrialized site. Within sites, concentrations of all Cu and Fe were similar in both fucoids, but concentrations at the industrialized site were about twice as high as at the pristine site. In L. digitata, all three metals were highest in holdfasts, but had distinctly different distribution patterns in stipes and blade sections, which were most likely related to growth pattern and tissue function. Fe was lowest in meristematic and young blade regions, suggesting small-scale Fe limitation in actively growing tissue. Mn concentrations were higher in distal blade sections than in stipes, and Cu concentrations were highest in meristematic and young thallus parts. 相似文献
18.
Conjugation of phenolic xenobiotics and metabolites through sulfation and glucuronidation is an important biotransformation pathway. Sulfotransferases (SULT) are generally considered non-inducible, while some UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoenzymes are co-induced with cytochrome P450-1A by Ah-receptor ligands. To test these assumptions for two fish species, we measured sulfation and glucuronidation of 9-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene in 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) treated channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) from the creosote contaminated Atlantic Wood site in the Elizabeth River, VA. The results show a significant induction of both UGT and SULT activity in 3-MC treated catfish, linked to the expected induction of EROD activity. In mummichog, significant induction of UGT was measured at the contaminated site over the reference site (King's Creek, VA), as well as extremely low SULT activities at both sites. Western blots, using a polyclonal antibody for catfish phenol-type SULT, confirmed the absence of phenol-type SULT in mummichog. Residual, though slightly inducible, SULT activity may be attributed to other SULT isoforms. 相似文献
19.
Four species in the genus Navicula were isolated using the serial dilution method. Based on scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and sequence comparisons of two segments of genes(small ribosomal subunit and large subunit of Rubisco), the species were identified as Navicula perminuta, N. pseudacceptata, N. vara, and N. rhynchocephala. Based on phylogenetic analysis and culture trials, there was a close relationship between N. perminuta and N. vara. Growth of these species was evaluated using measurements of optical density at 680 nm(OD680) under various environmental factors. Results showed that the optimum culture conditions were 25℃, 50–100 μmol photons m-2 s-1, pH 8.0, and salinities from 25 to 30. However, the favorable salinity for N. perminuta was surprisingly high at 35. Nutrient requirement analysis demonstrated that growth of Navicula depended on the availability of SiO32-. Their relative growth rates(RGR) peaked at the highest tested level(0.25 mmol/L). The optimal concentrations of NO3- and PO43- were 3.6 mmol/L and 0.18 mmol/L, respectively. Culture of these Navicula species for abalone or sea cucumber aquaculture should take these factors into consideration. 相似文献
20.
克隆获得缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(Sc-GSTσ)和热休克蛋白90(Sc-HSP90)基因的cDNA全长，分析了它们的组织表达差异及其在氨氮胁迫下的表达特征。结果表明，Sc-GSTσ的全长cDNA为1 414 bp，含有639 bp的开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame，ORF)，编码212个氨基酸，Sc-GSTσ氨基酸序列与其他物种的GST氨基酸序列同源性为31.88%～43.40%；而Sc-HSP90的全长cDNA为2 752 bp，ORF为2 181 bp，编码726个氨基酸，其氨基酸序列与其他物种HSP90的氨基酸序列同源性为76.77%～87.05%。荧光定量PCR分析发现，Sc-GSTσ和Sc-HSP90在缢蛏各组织中均有表达，两者均在肝胰腺中表达量最高。氨氮胁迫后，Sc-GSTσ和Sc-HSP90 mRNA在肝胰腺中表达均显著上调(p<0.05)，表明氨氮胁迫引起机体的应激反应，2个基因可能参与机体解毒或防御过程。但胁迫后期表达量下降推测是机体的防御能力有限，不足以完全保护宿主免受应激诱导的细胞损伤。 相似文献