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从南北极环境样品中分离到7株产脂肪酶的细菌，经16SrDNA序列分析表明，这些细菌分别属于假交替单胞菌属（Pseudoalteromonas）和嗜冷杆菌属（Psychrobacter）．采用p-NPP法对这7株细菌所产的脂肪酶进行酶学性质研究，结果显示这些酶的最适作用温度在30～40cC、最适作用pH值在7—8之间，在低温下能保持较高的剩余活力，对热敏感，属于适冷脂肪酶．其中假交替单胞菌（Psychrobacter sp．7342）所产脂肪酶具有低温下酶的剩余活力高、有效作用温度和pH范围广、热稳定性较好及对多种金属离子抗性强等特点．该菌株能利用多种单一氮源和碳源产酶，最适产酶温度为25℃．在此基础上进行正交实验分析得到了该菌株的最佳发酵条件为：蛋白胨和淀粉含量各为1．33％，酵母膏含量为0．3％，温度为25℃． 相似文献
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产淀粉酶的海洋曲霉菌的分离及酶学特性初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从乐清湾红树林中分离获得2株产淀粉酶的真菌,经初步鉴定为曲霉属菌株,暂命名为曲霉5#和曲霉34#。对它们的生长温度、固体发酵时的产酶条件以及淀粉酶特性进行了初步研究。该研究结果表明,曲霉5#和曲霉34#的最适生长温度分别为30~35℃和25~30℃,最高生长温度分别为40℃和35℃,在10℃下均能生长。对两株菌进行固体发酵时其最佳培养时间为96 h。两株菌所产淀粉酶的最适pH值为7.0,最适反应温度为40℃;淀粉酶在50℃下仍能保持活力,60℃下酶活力开始下降,80℃时酶几乎失活;离子对淀粉酶的激活或抑制作用也相似。 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2019,(6)
本文对从健康的凡纳滨对虾、日本囊对虾肠道中初步分离得到的58株菌进行产蛋白酶能力测试,筛选得到产酶能力较强的3株菌,经生理生化和16SrDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌(SDMG9)、沙福芽孢杆菌(SDVG4)及蜡样芽孢杆菌(SQVG9)。生长及产酶条件优化表明菌株SDMG9的最适生长温度为28-40℃、pH为5.5-6.5、盐度为0-20,最适产酶温度为28℃、pH为9.5、盐度为0;菌株SDVG4的最适生长温度为28-40℃、pH为5.5-8.5、盐度为10-20,最适产酶温度为40℃、pH为5.5、盐度为10;菌株SQVG9的最适生长温度为28-40℃、pH为6.5-8.5、盐度为0-20,最适产酶温度为28℃、pH为7.5、盐度为10。经溶血试验与药敏试验检测表明三株菌均无显著溶血圈且所含耐药因子较少,不具备潜在的致病性,为后续对虾肠道益生菌的筛选及应用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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本文报道分离自厦门集美红树植物秋茄根际的链霉菌146菌株(Streptomycessp.146)产生几丁质酶(Chitinase)的条件及该酶的一些性质。结果表明,有机氮源能促进几丁质酶的合成,该菌在添加1.5%玉米浆或2.0%麸皮的诱导培养基中发酵的酶活性较高。产酶适宜培养基初始pH 为7.0,适宜温度30℃,发酵5～6d 酶活性达到高峰。该酶能被多种几丁质所诱导,是一种诱导酶,它对几丁质水解活性pH 范围为3～8.5,最适pH 为5.5,在pH 为4～7.5范围内较稳定。该酶在30～60℃之间酶活性随温度的升高而增高,而且酶稳定. 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(Z1)
筛选高酶活、耐受高盐环境的纤维素降解菌,并对菌株产酶条件进行优化,为木质纤维素类物质的综合利用提供菌源。经刚果红水解圈初筛,纤维素酶活测定复筛,盐度梯度驯化,从辽河河口区芦苇湿地分离出一株高产酶的耐盐纤维素降解菌LHK-T3。经形态观察和16SrDNA序列分析,对菌株进行鉴定,经鉴定属于贪噬菌属(Variovoraxsp.)。探究菌株在高盐环境下的发酵过程中碳源、氮源、温度及pH对其生长量和产酶能力的影响。结果表明,菌株LHK-T3在盐度处于20~35条件下,产酶能力仍保持在最大产酶的50%以上,具有较好的耐盐性;在盐度为25的高盐环境下,最适碳源为麦麸、最适氮源为NH4NO3,在温度为30℃、pH为6.0,发酵时间为72h时,菌株生长速率最高,且具有最大内切葡聚糖酶(CMCase)酶活达到727.62IU/mL。从河口湿地土壤中分离筛选的高效耐盐纤维素降解菌LHK-T3具有较好的耐盐性,在高盐条件下木质纤维素降解等相关领域具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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对一株分离自深海热液口的超嗜热古菌(Thermococcus sp.HJ21)菌株进行了α-淀粉酶发酵条件的优化和酶学性质的研究.该菌株发酵9h后到达产酶高峰,产酶温度范围为60-90℃,其最适产酶温度为80℃.产酶pH范围为5.0-9.0,最适产酶pH为7.5.产酶NaCl浓度范围为0.5-4.0%,2.5%为最适宜NaCI浓度.糖原、淀粉、麦芽糖、酵母膏和蛋白胨促进产酶.该菌株产生的α-淀粉酶的分子量为51.4 kDa,酶的最适作用温度为95℃,在100℃仍有60%的酶活力.酶在90℃的半衰期为5 h,在100℃ 2 h仍有40%的残余酶活,酶的热稳定性不依赖Ca2+.酶的最适作用pH为5.0,pH 4.5仍有80%的酶活力,pH在5.5-7.0较稳定(80℃ 4 h).金属离子1 mmol/L的Mg2+、Co2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、K+、Na+对酶有激活作用,Cu2+、Pb2+、Hg2+、zn2+、Al3+对该酶均有抑制作用. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献