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褐藻酸降解菌A7的发酵及产酶条件研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以海藻废弃物堆肥中分离到的薄壁杆菌属（Gracillibacillus）的褐藻酸降解菌A7为研究对象，对该菌的生长及产酶条件进行了研究。结果表明，该菌的最适产酶条件为：温度30℃，海藻酸钠的质量分数0．5％，pH9．5，NaCl浓度0．5mol／L，以蛋白胨为主要氮源。在最佳条件下培养96h达到最高酶活力12．79U／mL。 相似文献
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海藻工具酶研究Ⅱ.褐藻酸酶的制备、性质及对裙带菜细胞的解离研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
褐藻酸降解菌埃氏交替单胞菌(Alteromonas espejiana)菌株Al01,通过发酵培养制备褐藻酸酶.该酶作用的最适pH为7.0,最适温度为40℃,最适底物浓度为1%～2%;在离子浓度为0.5mmol/dm3时,Mn2+对酶促反应稍有促进作用,Ca2+、Hg2+则有明显的抑制作用.该酶用于裙带菜单细胞和原生质体解离时,以酶液组成为褐藻酸酶1%、纤维素酶1%,45×10-3的NaC1为渗透剂,酶解温度25℃,pH7.0,酶解3-4h效果最好. 相似文献
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为更好地了解海带病烂的发生机制，针对褐藻酸降解菌埃氏交替单胞菌（Altermonas espejiana）菌株A1的生长及产酶条件进行了初步研究，并用不同浓度的菌液对健康海带进行了感染试验，测定了其体内可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明，该菌株生长和产酶的最适条件为：20℃，0．5％～0．6％褐藻酸钠，pH=7，5，氮源为（NH4）2S04，培养时间72h。此外，感染菌株A1后，海带体内可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖的含量均增加，且随着感染菌液浓度的升高，海带体内可溶性蛋白质含量升高，而可溶性糖含量先升高后降低。 相似文献
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采用植物单细胞和原生质体游离的方法,研究了5株褐藻酸降解菌感染过程中海带细胞壁的组成成分——褐藻酸的变化。结果表明,海带在5株褐藻酸降解菌感染的初期(前3 d),褐藻酸酶对其单细胞和原生质体的游离率均显著降低,而且随着感染时间的延长,游离率的下降越加明显。3 d过后,随着感染的继续进行,单细胞和原生质体的游离率变化不再明显。表明海带细胞壁组成对褐藻酸降解菌感染发生了响应性变化,而这种变化仅仅发生在褐藻酸降解菌感染的早期阶段。研究结果进一步显示,褐藻酸降解菌感染过程中海带细胞壁组成的变化主要体现在褐藻酸的变化上。 相似文献
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褐藻酸降解菌侵染海带过程中活性氧及抗氧化系统的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以褐藻酸降解菌为病原体研究褐藻酸降解菌侵染海带的小孢子体不同时期体内的活性氧——超氧负离子自由基 (O-·2 )、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 (APX)和抗坏血酸 (ASA)等的变化。实验结果表明 :海带活性氧 (O-·2 )含量在褐藻酸降解菌感染初期表现为升高 ,随后表现为下降。并且 ,随着褐藻酸降解菌侵染浓度的升高 ,活性氧 (O-·2 )含量呈现上升趋势 ,推测活性氧 (O-·2 )是海带抗褐藻酸降解菌感染的有效防御手段之一。SOD,CAT,ASA在感染的初期起着积极的抵抗褐藻酸降解菌感染的作用 ;APX在褐藻酸降解菌感染的前期没有发挥其抗感染的作用 ,而是在后期显示出了一定的抗感染作用。此结果可为海带病害的机理及幼苗集约化培养过程中病害的防治提供科学的依据。 相似文献
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以酶学分析法研究了温度和pH对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)肠道不同部位(前肠、中肠、后肠)4种消化酶活性的影响,并比较了其活性分布.结果表明,各消化酶随温度和pH均呈峰值变化:前肠、中肠和后肠蛋白酶均有2个活性范围,最适pH分别为3、9,脂肪酶活性的最适pH分别为3.5、4.0、4.0,褐藻酸酶活性的最适pH分别为4.0、4.5、4.5,果胶酶活性的最适pH分别为3.5、3.5、4.0;蛋白酶活性的最适温度均为45℃,脂肪酶活性的最适温度均为35℃,褐藻酸酶活性的最适温度分别为45℃、35℃、35℃,果胶酶活性的最适温度则分别为55℃、55℃、45℃;在各自最适温度和pH下,蛋白酶活性表现为后肠＞前肠＞中肠,脂肪酶活性表现为后肠＞中肠＞前肠,而前肠褐藻酸酶活性显著高于中肠、后肠(P＜0.05),果胶酶活性在肠道各部分相差不显著. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
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This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
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Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献