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1.
以海水工厂化养殖排出的废水养殖双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes phi-lippinarum)、长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)和细基江蓠(Gracilariatenuistipitata).结果表明:双齿围沙蚕耐污染能力最强;细基江蓠和双齿围沙蚕具有较强的净化水质能力.养殖废水经7 d处理后,NH4+-N、NoO3--N、NO2--N、PO43--P、COD和底质有机物分别下降至处理前的11.20%、23.69%、27.50%、14.6%、3.2%和0.32%,且沙蚕和江蓠平均日生长率分别为2.30 mg/g·d和80 mg/g·d.该方法不但能净化水质,还能实现养殖废水的循环利用. 相似文献
2.
沙蚕科性信息素的种间作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对海洋多毛类沙蚕科4属7种沙蚕:褐片阔沙蚕(Platynereis dumerilii)、双管阔沙蚕(P.bicanaliculata)、日本刺沙蚕(Neanthes japonica)、琥珀刺沙蚕(N.succinea)、多齿围沙蚕(Perinereis nuntia)、绿沙蚕(Nereis virens)和涂沙蚕(N.fucata)性信息素的种间作用进行了电生理和行为反应的研究.结果表明,同属的双管阔沙蚕和褐片阔沙蚕及日本刺沙蚕和琥珀刺沙蚕的异沙蚕体的体腔液可以互相诱导异性的异沙蚕体发生婚舞(naptial dance)和释放配子;雌性或雄性的多齿围沙蚕、雄性的绿沙蚕和涂沙蚕的异沙蚕体体腔液分别可以诱导异性褐片阔沙蚕异沙蚕体发生婚舞并释放配子;但雌性或雄性褐片阔沙蚕、雄性的日本利沙蚕、琥珀刺沙蚕和涂沙蚕的异沙蚕体的体腔液却不能诱导异性多齿围沙的异沙蚕体发生婚舞或释放配子.不过,雌性褐片阔沙蚕异沙蚕体的体腔液能引起雄性多齿围沙蚕异沙蚕体脑电活性的增强. 相似文献
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双齿围沙蚕对温度、盐度和干露的耐受性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本论文主要研究双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)对盐度突变、温度突变和盐度渐变、温度渐变及干露的耐受性。实验结果表明:双齿围沙蚕耐受盐度的范围比较广泛,为5~45,适宜的盐度范围为20~30,求得双齿围沙蚕96 h半致死盐度上限为33.1。适宜温度范围为20~30℃,对低温有很强的耐受力。双齿围沙蚕在低温保湿干露10 d未发生死亡,大量死亡集中在13~14 d。本研究结果表明:双齿围沙蚕对环境的适应性较强,耐温、耐盐范围较广,且具有很强的耐干露能力。 相似文献
5.
投放双齿围沙蚕养殖中国明对虾实验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在养殖中国对虾的围隔内投放不同密度(0kg·m-2,0．4kg·m-2,0．8kg·m-2,1．2kg·m-2)双齿围沙蚕,定时监测水体总氨氮(TAN)、亚硝氮、透明度、DO等指标。实验结束时计量养殖效果。结果表明:总体上,投放沙蚕的处理组对虾产量高于末投放沙蚕的对照组,饵料系数显著低于对照组(p<0．05)．其中0．4kg·m-2沙蚕处理组对虾产量最高[(165．4±8．7)g／m2],水质最佳。随着沙蚕密度增大,国格内TAN、亚硝氮、pH均上升且不稳定,这可能是致使对虾成活率下降的一个原因。投放沙蚕对透明度也有影响。依据实验结果认为,双齿围沙蚕促进了沉积物无机氮向水体释放,进而加速浮游植物的繁殖速率。沙蚕密度过人,可引起对虾成活率下降,建议沙蚕密度控制为0．2～0．6kg·m-2。 相似文献
6.
凡纳滨对虾亲虾常用天然饵料营养成分的比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
分析比较了凡纳滨对虾亲虾培育中 4 种常用天然饵料———长吻沙蚕 Glycera chirori 、双齿围沙蚕Perinereis aibuhitensis、近江牡蛎Crassostrea rivularis (去壳)和杜氏枪乌贼Lol igo duvancelii 的营养成分及组成。结果表明,杜氏枪乌贼的蛋白质(78. 41%)和胆固醇(16.1 mg·g-1 )含量最高;双齿围沙蚕的 EPA 和 DHA 含量最高(分别为 14. 15%和12.97%),∑n 3/∑n 6值为5. 79;长吻沙蚕的 EPA和 DHA含量略低(分别为 12. 36%和11.54%),但其∑n 3/∑n 6值最高,为 7.06;长吻沙蚕的α 生育酚含量最高,为 47.72mg·kg-1,以下依次为双齿围沙蚕(43.02mg·kg-1 )、近江牡蛎(42.31mg·kg-1 )、杜氏枪乌贼(38.93mg·kg-1)。双齿围沙蚕具有最高的抗坏血酸含量,为 110.12mg·kg-1,以下依次为长吻沙蚕(100.06mg·kg-1)、杜氏枪乌贼(91.41mg·kg-1 )、近江牡蛎(33.75mg·kg-1 )。通过比较这些天然饵料的营养组成并结合已有研究结果,认为杜氏枪乌贼具有较高的蛋白质和胆固醇含量及理想的氨基酸组成,是凡纳滨对虾亲虾的优质蛋白质和胆固醇来源;而长吻沙蚕和双齿围沙蚕具有高含量的EPA和DHA,以及更高的∑n 3/∑n 6值,是凡纳滨对虾亲虾的最佳高度不饱和脂肪酸来源。此外,2 种沙蚕的α 生育酚和抗坏血酸含量较高,对凡纳滨对虾 相似文献
7.
盐度对双齿围沙蚕耗氧率和排氨率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为优化双齿围沙蚕养殖条件,促进沙蚕资源的合理开发和利用,作者探讨了不同盐度下(8、16、24、32、40、45)双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)耗氧率和排氨率的情况。结果表明:盐度对双齿围沙蚕的耗氧率和排氨率均有显著性影响(P0.05)。在盐度为8~32时,耗氧率随着盐度的升高呈先下降后上升的趋势;在盐度为24时耗氧率最低(0.22 mg/(g·h)±0.01 mg/(g·h));在盐度为32时耗氧率达到最大值(0.37 mg/(g·h)±0.05 mg/(g·h))。在盐度为8~40条件下,沙蚕的排氨率随着盐度的升高呈先降低后上升的趋势;在盐度为24时,双齿围沙蚕的排氨率最低(0.10μmol/(g·h)±0.02μmol/(g·h));当盐度为40时排氨率达到最大值(0.94μmol/(g·h)±0.11μmol/(g·h))。盐度为8~40时,沙蚕的O︰N比值随着盐度的上升呈先升高后降低的趋势,在盐度24和32时,沙蚕的O︰N比值分别为130.84和126.47,且变化较小,当盐度40时,O︰N比值急剧下降到13.3,然后再度上升。综合上述结果,双齿围沙蚕生活的最适盐度为24~32。 相似文献
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4 种经济海藻脂肪酸组成分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用改进的Bligh-Dyer法提取脂溶性成分,气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)进行分离和鉴定,C19:0内标确定总脂及各组分含量,研究了鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)、浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)、龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)和红毛菜(Bangia sp.)4种经济海藻的脂肪酸组成及含量。结果表明,4种海藻都检测出C14-C22脂肪酸,总脂含量在12～19 mg/g之间,不饱和脂肪酸为主要组成成分,含量均超过60%。不饱和脂肪酸中以多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)为主,富含n-3和n-6系列PUFAs,n-6与n-3系列PUFAs之比均低于2。比较4种海藻脂肪酸组成特点表明,鼠尾藻以C16、C18和C20为主要组成成分,具褐藻类脂肪酸组成特征;浒苔以C16和C18为主要组成成分,具绿藻类脂肪酸组成特征;龙须菜和红毛菜以C16和C20类脂肪酸为主,具典型红藻类脂肪酸组成特征,同时二者又有不同之处,分别显示真红藻与原始红藻脂肪酸组成的特点。 相似文献
9.
中国黄、渤海常见大型海藻的脂肪酸组成 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
对中国黄、渤海沿岸的17种红藻、12种褐藻、7种绿藻的脂肪酸组成进行了分析研究，结果表明，黄海和渤海的绝大多数红都富含二十碳高度不饱和脂肪酸（主要是二十碳五烯酸，EPA和二十碳四烯酸，AA），一般都占总脂肪酸的40％以上；仙菜目的松节藻、细枝软骨藻，隐丝藻目的亮管藻、海萝、海膜、蜈蚣藻中的EPA含量均超过40％，其中海萝达到58％；杉藻目扁江蓠中EPA含量很低，但花生四烯酸含量达到58％。裸藻中16：0、18：1（n-9)、20：4（n-6)和20：5（n-3)含量占绝对优势，十八碳高度不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs)和二十碳PUFAs是主要的脂肪酸。在每种褐藻中还含有一定量的14：0、18：2（n-6)和18：4（n-3)。褐藻中的十八碳PUFAs含量比红藻高，而二十碳PUFAs比红藻低。绿藻中的主要脂肪酸是16：0、十六碳高度不饱和脂肪酸（主要是：16：4（n-3)和16：3（n-3)、18：1以及C18PUFAs（主要包括18：2（n-6),18:3(n-3)和18：4（n-3)，绿藻的C16、C18PUFAs含量较高。 相似文献
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通过生态学及组织学方法对人工养殖条件下多齿围沙蚕(Perinereis nuntia Savigny)亲体培育条件及繁殖生物学进行了研究.结果表明,多齿围沙蚕雌雄异体,非成熟季节外观上无法辨别雌雄,性成熟时,雌(异沙蚕体)灰绿色,雄(异沙蚕体)红白色.生殖细胞起源于体腔膜上皮,不久就释放到体腔中,在体腔内卵原细胞和精原细胞http://ebook/成都,今夜请将我遗忘/index.htm分裂增殖形成卵原细胞群和精原细胞群,体腔中充满了外形不规则或近圆形的滋养细胞,细胞内可见嗜伊红颗粒,滋养细胞之间可见发达的微血管.卵原细胞群不断增殖发育,至初级卵母细胞后游离至体腔中继续发育为次级卵母细胞和成熟卵子;精原细胞群形成精子合胞体(syncytium),各级精母细胞在合胞体内发育,直至形成成熟精子时才分散游离.水温18℃以上,多齿围沙蚕的生长体经培育才可能形成异沙蚕体.特别是在经历了一定的低温期后,再提高温度可以有效的促进异沙蚕体形成.胚胎发育的适宜温度为18～25℃;适宜盐度为25～32.胚胎发育过程经历卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、担轮幼虫期、后担轮幼虫期、膜内游毛幼虫期等阶段,在水温25℃、盐度30条件下,从受精至孵出3刚节幼虫约需65 h.3刚节游毛幼虫至10刚节幼体约需28 d. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献