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北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷渐新世末期构造运动强烈,形成了大规模的断块、断鼻构造圈闭,其成藏关键因素为断层封闭性,尤其是断层侧向封闭性。断层侧向封闭性主要依靠断裂带物质与油气目标盘之间排替压力差来衡量。考虑断层两盘对断裂带泥地比的贡献,引用了R_m地质数学模型,通过分析A油田已钻井所在圈闭主控断层涠三段泥地比R_m(Ratio of mud)和泥岩涂抹系数SSF(Shale smear factor)间关系,建立R_m-SSF断层侧封定量分析图版。通过油水界面处原油所受合力平行地层分量与断层两侧排替压力差形成平衡的原理,建立油柱高度定量预测模型。将断层侧向封闭性定量分析技术应用于涠西南凹陷A油田,解决了该油田各断块油水界面不一致的问题。 相似文献
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锦州A构造的发现是辽东湾海域走滑断裂带内调节断层欠发育区的首个勘探突破,为弄清该构造成藏的主控因素,利用钻井、测井、地震等资料,对锦州A构造段辽中1号走滑断层及其内部结构开展研究,并明确其对油气成藏的控制作用。研究结果表明：地震振幅、纵波速度在走滑断层附近发生明显变化,这种变化的范围可以代表走滑断层内部结构发育的规模,从浅到深辽中1号走滑断层内部结构的发育规模变大。利用多井横向对比常规测井的密度、中子孔隙度和声波时差资料以及偶极声波远探测技术,可以识别走滑断层内部结构,随着距离走滑断层的接近,密度资料会出现先减小再增大的趋势,中子孔隙度和声波时差资料则会出现先增大再减小的趋势,代表从围岩到断层破碎带再到断层核的发育趋势。锦州A构造段辽中1号走滑断层发育由断层破碎带和断层核组成的二元结构,断层破碎带孔渗性好,是油气垂向运移的有利通道;断层核孔渗性差,有利于油气的侧向封堵。 相似文献
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商河地区为自北向南成明显阶梯状分布的多级构造调节带及多级坡折带,受其构造特征影响,储层特征也表现出明显的规律性。通过对商河地区大量储层物性数据的统计,结合镜下薄片观察发现商河油田具有同一层位,自北向南,商一区、商二区、商三区、商四区储层物性依次变差的特点;而对于同一地区,整体上自上向下随深度增加储层物性逐渐变差;同一层位不同沉积微相的储层具有不同的物性特征,三角洲前缘河口坝砂体储层物性最好,水下分支河道较好,而远砂坝、席状砂砂体储层物性相对较差。经综合研究分析认为储层特征主要受沉积相及成岩作用共同影响,储层成岩作用主要受地层埋深的影响,而由于商河地区的分界大断层主要为同沉积断层,地层厚度和沉积相分布主要受同生断层活动的影响,因此构造作用的同沉积断层是商河地区储层物性的主要控制因素。 相似文献
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旅大6构造是渤海海域新近发现的一个中型油田.该构造位于辽东低凸起中南段陡坡带,为层状构造油气藏,垂向上多层系含油,形成典型的“阶梯式”陡坡带复式油气藏.走滑作用对构造形成、储层发育、断层封堵、油气运移都有重要的作用.构造转折端对沉积卸载形成优质储层具有重要作用,奠定了旅大6构造是辽东低凸起中南段有利成藏区的物质基础;辽中一号断层与区域走滑断层同向,具有走滑压扭性质是控圈断层侧封的关键.南北区块以及东二下段、东三段油气丰度迥异,伸展断层的运移能力和控圈断层的封堵能力共同决定了旅大6构造南区东二下段油气的差异富集成藏. 相似文献
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断-砂耦合接触关系决定了输导体系有效性及油气分布规律,是目前渤中凹陷西斜坡明下段构造-岩性油气勘探中的关键问题。利用西斜坡曹妃甸A油田多口钻井的录井、测井数据及三维地震资料,确定了断层-砂体的剖面、平面接触关系,并总结出顺向型、侧向型和复合型3种类型断层-砂体油气运移方式。尝试建立了断-砂耦合接触关系半定量描述思路与方法,明确了本区顺向型与侧向型油气运移效率的相对比值约为1.7,在此基础上探讨了断-砂有效接触面积与砂体中油柱高度之间的关系。实践证实,该方法用于判别曹妃甸A油田潜力砂体的油柱高度是可行的,对成熟探区构造-岩性油气勘探具有重要参考意义。 相似文献
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秦南凹陷东南缘陡坡带沙一二段储层中发现了大量油气,但油气富集的控制因素不清,严重制约了该区的进一步勘探和评价。利用钻井、测井、三维地震和分析化验等资料,结合沉积背景,运用断层活动速率法定量分析了秦南凹陷东南缘断层的活动特征,探讨了断层活动性与古近系油气富集的关系。研究表明:研究区古近纪至现今,断层活动呈"弱—最强—弱—强—最弱—弱"的特点。沙三段、东三段和东二段沉积期,断层活动较强,为主要的烃源岩和盖层发育期,断层活动越强的位置,烃源岩厚度越大、成熟度越高;沙一二段、东一段至现今沉积期,断层活动弱,为主要的储层发育期,断层活动弱的位置以及调节带储层较发育。断层活动弱的位置,易形成岩性圈闭;断层活动强的位置,易形成断层-岩性圈闭。古近纪时断层纵向上的强弱演化为油气成藏提供了优质的烃源岩和储、盖层条件。东营组沉积末期,烃源岩成熟并开始运移,断层幕式活动活化了断层带,为油气在纵向和横向上的运移创造了有利的通道条件。明化镇组上段沉积期,油气进入储层并开始成藏,断层活动直接影响着油气的保存和再分配,由于盖层厚度较大且分布广,成藏后断层活动减弱,进而阻止了油气的再分配,使得油气主要在沙一二段储层中富集,形成现今亿吨级大油田。 相似文献
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渤中A区位于渤海海域的渤南低凸起北部斜坡带,前期勘探重点为潜山与古近系,而新近系的含油气性日益引起重视.从油气输导体系研究入手,明确了断层垂向输导油气是新近系成藏的关键,通过断层样式、断层活动性的分析,认为背形负花状构造及断层活动差异共同控制新近系差异成藏,并指示构造脊部位是油气优势的运移方向.另外,利用分形几何学原理,对研究区断层分形特征进行研究,构造脊部位断层分形分维数值较高,表明构造脊部位油气运移效率较高,佐证了常规方法的论断且对断层输导体系进行半定量-定量的评价.近期钻井在构造脊部位的新近系有良好发现,证实了断层输导分析的正确性. 相似文献
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Through the analysis of the faults and their internal structure in Zhu I Depression, it is found that the internal structure of the late fault is obviously segmented vertically. It develops unitary structure(simple fault plane) in shallow layers, binary structure(induced fracture zone in hanging wall and sliding fracture zone in footwall) in middle, layers and ternary structure(induced fracture zone in hanging wall and sliding fracture zone in middle,and induced fracture zone in footwall) in deep layers. Because the induced fracture zone is a high porosity and permeability zone, and the sliding fracture zone is a low porosity and ultra-low permeability zone, the late fault in middle layers has the character of "transporting while sealing". The late fault can transport hydrocarbon by its induced fracture zone in the side of the hanging wall and seal hydrocarbon by its sliding fracture zone in the side of the footwall. In deep layers, the late fault has the character of "dual-transportation", induced fracture zones in both sides of hanging wall and footwall can transport hydrocarbon. The early fault that only developed in the deep layers is presumed to be unitary structure, which plays a completely sealing role in the process of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation due to inactivity during the hydrocarbon filling period. Controlled by hydrocarbon source, early/late faults, sand bodies and traps, two reservoir-forming models of "inverted L" and "stereo-spiral"can be proposed in middle layers, while two reservoir-forming models of "cross fault" and "lateral fault sealing"are developed in the deep layers of Zhu I Depression. 相似文献
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C. Childs Ø. Sylta S. Moriya N. Morewood T. Manzocchi J.J. Walsh D. Hermanssen 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009
It is widely acknowledged that fault rock capillary properties are important in controlling the distribution of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins, and methods exist for predicting the capillary seal capacity of prospect bounding faults. However, fault seal capacity is rarely incorporated into models of hydrocarbon migration. This paper presents the results of migration modelling of the Oseberg Syd area of the Viking Graben incorporating fault rock capillary properties. Seal capacity is calculated in the model as a function of Shale Gouge Ratio (SGR), i.e. the percentage shale in the sequence moved past a point on a fault. Over 3000 model realisations were run for different SGR to fault seal capacity relationships and the calculated hydrocarbon distributions were compared with known distributions. Realisations were ranked according to the closeness of fit between model and actual oil–water contacts for 7 traps. The best-fit to all 7 traps was provided by realisations with significant seal capacity at SGR values greater than ca. 0.2; a value which is in agreement with an independently derived fault-by-fault calibration between SGR and seal capacity. The level of fill calculated for an individual trap is extremely sensitive to minor changes in the seal capacity relationship because it is controlled not only by the seal capacities of the faults that bound the trap, but also by the pattern of fill–spill of upstream traps. This sensitivity to minor changes in seal capacity introduces large uncertainties when fault seal capacity relationships are used in a predictive mode and emphasises the requirement for migration modelling in fault seal prospect evaluation. 相似文献
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选取了断层的产状、断层力学性质、断层断面曲率、断面压力、最大主应力与断层走向夹角、断层两盘岩性配置关系和断层沿走向形态等8个评价因子,构建了断层封闭性评价模型。在不同的平面位置、不同的剖面深度半定量评价了研究区与4个主要局部构造相关的9条目标断层现今时期封闭能力。评价结果显示,从断层封闭性角度来优选,W10-1构造和W10-3构造最佳,W9构造中等,W10-2构造次之。 相似文献
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莱州湾西构造带断裂特征及其对油气成藏的控制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
受古近纪莱州湾凹陷大规模断陷、郯庐断裂右旋走滑和垦东凸起大规模隆升三方面因素共同作用,莱州湾西构造带断裂系统发育,根据断裂性质及发育规模将断裂划分为3组不同方向的断裂组合,对油气的运移、聚集及保存都产生重要影响。根据莱州湾地区油气成藏规律并结合渤海其他区域近年勘探成果综合分析,莱北1号断层、斜坡区东西向反向正断层和走滑末端雁行式断层三类大规模调节断层对于油气成藏影响作用较大,这三类断层所控制的圈闭也是莱州湾凹陷及围区下一步勘探获得突破的重点区域。 相似文献
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琼东南盆地深水区断层垂向输导及成藏模式 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
In the Qiongdongnan Basin, faults are well developed.Based on the drilling results, the traps controlled two or more faults are oil-rich. However, when only one fault cut through the sand body, there is no sign for hy-drocarbon accumulation in the sandstone. In terms of this phenomenon, the principle of reservoir-forming controlled by fault terrace is proposed, i.e., when the single fault activates, because of the incompressibility of pore water, the resistance of pore and the direction of buoyancy, it is impossible for hydrocarbon to ac-cumulate in sandstone. But when there are two or more faults, one of the faults acts as the spillway so the hydrocarbon could fill in the pore of sandstone through other faults. In total five gas bearing structures and four failure traps are considered, as examples to demonstrate our findings. According to this theory, it is well-advised that south steep slope zone of Baodao-Changchang Depression, south gentle slope zone of Lingshui Depression, north steep slope zone of Lingshui Depression, and north steep slope zone of Baodao Depression are the most favorable step-fault zones, which are the main exploration direction in next stage. 相似文献
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张扭性断裂带的生长过程与油气穿断运移评价--以珠江口盆地恩平凹陷为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张扭性断裂带是珠江口盆地普遍发育的断裂类型,是沟通深部烃源岩与中浅部储层的关键,是油气运移、聚集分析的核心环节。以恩平凹陷E18雁列式断裂带为例,基于三维地震、测井和钻井地质数据,采用T-x图、T-z图及活动速率图方法,恢复E18断裂带的生长过程及分段特征,并依据岩性对接、泥岩涂抹、断层岩发育特征,评价油气穿断裂侧向运移的条件。结果表明,E18断裂带在裂陷期是单一断裂,裂后期表现为雁列形态,活动过程包含4个阶段,活动中心由西部转移至中部,大规模生排烃时期最大活动速率可达20m/Ma,形成2个良好的垂向疏导中心,分段特征明显;油气容易穿透E18断裂带珠海组和韩江组下段2套地层发生侧向运移,并且连接部位是最有利于油气穿断运移的部位。E18断裂带生长过程和油气穿断侧向运移的评价有助于认识E18a油田和E18f油田的成藏过程。 相似文献
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Theoretical aspects of cap-rock and fault seals for single- and two-phase hydrocarbon columns 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Cap-rock seals can be divided genetically into those that fail by capillary leakage (membrane seals) and those whose capillary entry pressures are so high that seal failure preferentially occurs by fracturing and/or wedging open of faults (hydraulic seals). A given membrane seal can trap a larger oil column than gas column at shallow depths, but below a critical depth (interval), gas is more easily sealed than oil. This critical depth increases with lower API gravity, lower oil GOR and overpressured conditions (for the gas phase). These observations arise from a series of modelling studies of membrane sealing and can be conveniently represented using pressure/ depth (P/D) profiles through sealed hydrocarbon columns. P/D diagrams have been applied to the more complex situation of the membrane sealing of a gas cap underlain by an oil rim; at seal capacity, such a two-phase column will be always greater than if only oil or gas occurs below the seal.These conclusions contrast with those for hydraulic seals where the seal capacity to oil always exceeds that for gas. Moreover, a trapped two-phase column, at hydraulic seal capacity will be less than the maximum-allowed oil-only column, but more than the maximum gas-only column. Unlike membrane seals, hydraulic seal capacity should be directly related to cap-rock thickness, in addition to the magnitude of the minimum effective stress in the sealing layer and the degree of overpressure development in the sequence as a whole.Fault-related seals are effectively analogous to membrane cap-rocks which have been tilted to the angle of the fault plane. Consequently, all of the above conclusions derived for membrane cap-rocks apply to both sealing faults sensu stricto (fault plane itself seals) and juxtaposition faults (hydrocarbon trapped laterally against a juxtaposed sealing unit). The maximum-allowed two-phase column trapped by a sealing fault is greater than for equivalent oil-only and gas-only columns, but less than that predicted for a horizontal membrane cap-rock under similar conditions. Where a two-phase column is present on both sides of a sealing fault (which is at two-phase seal capacity), a deeper oil/water contact (OWC) in one fault block is associated with a deeper gas/oil contact (GOC) compared with the adjacent fault block. If the fault seal is discontinuous in the gas leg, however, the deeper OWC is accompanied by a shallower GOC, whereas a break in the fault seal in the oil leg results in a common OWC in both fault blocks, even though separate GOC's exist. Schematic P/D profiles are provided for each of the above situations from which a series of fundamental equations governing single- and two-phase cap-rock and fault seal capacities can be derived. These relationships may have significant implications for exploration prospect appraisal exercises where more meaningful estimates of differential seal capacities can be made.The membrane sealing theory developed herein assumes that all reservoirs and seals are water-wet and no hydrodynamic flow exists. The conclusions on membrane seal capacity place constraints on the migration efficiency of gas along low-permeabiligy paths at depth where fracturing, wedging open of faults and/or diffusion process may be more important. Contrary to previous assertions, it is speculated that leakage of hydrocarbons through membrane seals occurs in distinct pulses such that the seal is at or near the theoretically calculated seal capacity, once this has been initially attained.Finally, the developed seal theory and P/D profile concepts are applied to a series of development geological problems including the effects of differential depletion, and degree of aquifer support, on sealing fault leakage, and the evaluation of barriers to vertical cross-flow using RFT profiles through depleted reservoirs. It is shown that imbibition processes and dynamic effects related to active cross-flow across such barriers often preclude quantitative analysis and solution of these problems for which simulation studies are usually required. 相似文献