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1.
董庆  郭华东  李震 《海洋通报》2004,23(2):8-12
介绍了微波辐射测量面目标表面亮度温度的原理,分析了冰雪的微波辐射特性与亮温特征。利用专题微波成像仪 (SSM/I) 数据研究了 1988 年 1-8 月份东南极内陆冰雪表面亮温变化。首先根据 37 GHz 水平极化辐射亮温 175 oK 等温线推算南极大陆冰外缘线,然后利用 37 GHz 数据计算分析了东南极内陆 1988 年年内 1-8 月的地面亮温均变化。结果表明在东南极内陆的地面亮温年内月均变化不大;在东南极的边缘,其受大洋季候风变化影响发生很大的变化。  相似文献   

2.
本文基于环境场较为稳定的南太平洋目标海区,以海洋大气微波辐射传输模型(Radiative Transfer Model,RTM)模拟亮温作为参考值,对2015年1月1日—2017年12月31日的高级扫描微波辐射计(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2,AMSR2) L1R亮温数据产品进行了质量评估。结果表明AMSR2 L1R所有通道亮温数据总偏差和标准偏差的变化范围分别为1.466~6.352 K、0.270~1.693 K,其中标准偏差在水平极化通道较大的同时随着频率的增大而增大。相比同类遥感器如全球降水测量微波成像仪(Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager,GMI)等的质量分析结果,AMSR2亮温数据的标准偏差较小,这表明AMSR2亮温数据精度较高。对AMSR2 L1R亮温数据3年长时间序列的变化趋势分析表明所有通道亮温偏差均在±0.5 K范围内波动但是存在微弱的季节性变化,标准偏差随时间的变化较小,这表明AMSR2 L1R亮温数据质量较为稳定。  相似文献   

3.
微波辐射传输方程是海洋-大气微波遥感的理论基础,本文基于晴空条件下AMSR-E 10.7GHz水平与垂直极化亮温数据,将平静海面的亮温观测结果与4种海水相对电容率模型和2种大气水汽吸收模型的计算结果进行比较,确定了海水相对电容率模型与水汽吸收模型,基于上述模型和实测亮温数据反演了风致各项同性海面发射率,其与已有的经验模型结果基本一致,由此建立了星载微波辐射传输模型;利用建立的辐射传输模型计算亮温与AMSR-E观测亮温分别反演了海表面温度与海表面风速,验证了所建微波传输模型的有效性。本文的研究结果可为星载微波辐射计亮温定标、海洋地球物理参数提取奠定基础。  相似文献   

4.
HY-2卫星扫描微波辐射计数据反演北极海冰漂移速度   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
本文基于最大互相关法,利用海洋二号(HY-2)卫星扫描微波辐射计37 GHz通道多时相垂直极化亮温数据,获取了北极海冰漂移速度。采用2012年和2013年国际北极浮标计划海冰现场观测数据,对利用微波辐射计亮温资料反演的冬季北极海冰漂移速度进行了定量验证,结果表明:流速和流向均方根误差分别为1.12 cm/s和16.37°,从一定程度上说明了HY-2卫星扫描微波辐射计亮温数据反演海冰漂移速度的可行性。此外,使用美国国防气象卫星F-17搭载的专用微波成像仪91 GHz通道垂直极化亮温,采用高斯拉普拉斯滤波方法进行处理,结合最大互相关法反演的海冰漂移速度,优于法国海洋开发研究院海冰漂移速度产品。  相似文献   

5.
我们发展了一种用19.35GHz星载微波辐射计(SSM/I)亮温反演海面风速的模式,并利用同步的卫星亮温和海面浮标数据反演出海面风速,并且和浮标风速进行比较。为了说明反演算法的可用性,我们分别与目前国际上的通用反演算法的反演结果进行了比较。文章提供了一种新的、用单一波段亮温反演海面风速的方法。  相似文献   

6.
基于星载微波辐射计的海洋大气参数反演算法研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用3个辐射传输模式对无冰无降水情况下的星载微波辐射计亮温测量进行仿真研究,通过模拟计算结果与同步卫星数据之间的比较分析,确定了用于反演算法研究的前向模式;利用该模式,提出了基于物理的星载微波辐射计海洋大气参数(包括海面风速、海表温度、大气垂直积分水汽量以及积分液态水量)多重线性回归算法。  相似文献   

7.
亚马逊热带雨林作为稳定地物目标,适合进行星载微波辐射计的外定标。但近些年亚马逊热带雨林受人为破坏严重,植被覆盖面积减少,植被覆盖率降低,适合进行外定标的区域较往年发生了变化。文中依据亚马逊热带雨林近些年的归一化植被指数(NDVI)的变化情况,发现纬度位于3°S^2°N,经度位于74°W^69°W范围内的区域植被覆盖率高,适合进行星载微波辐射计外定标。文中以AMSR2 L1R亮温数据为基准,对比分析了该区域在2015-2017年3 a的亮温变化趋势,并以此作为该区域的定标基准。分析发现,该区域在非厄尔尼诺事件期间的亮温变化趋势呈现出特定的季节变化规律:在每年的6-7月,亮温值达到最低;在11-12月,亮温值达到最高,7-11月波动上升,12-6月波动下降。在厄尔尼诺事件发生期间会出现亮温值异常现象。  相似文献   

8.
一维综合孔径微波辐射计能够有效提高观测的空间分辨率,其观测入射角通常在0°~55°范围内变化。为了开发适用于一维综合孔径微波辐射计的海面温度反演算法,需要评估其观测亮温对海洋大气环境要素的敏感性。利用海面发射率模型和大气辐射传输模型,构建了适用于一维综合孔径微波辐射计的微波海洋大气辐射传输模式,研究了C波段垂直和水平极化微波辐射亮温在不同入射角下对海洋大气环境要素的敏感性变化情况,并定量计算了相应的敏感系数。结果表明:垂直和水平极化亮温对海洋大气环境要素的敏感性表现出不同的特性。随着入射角的增大,垂直极化亮温对海面温度的敏感性增强,对海面风场的敏感性相对减弱;水平极化亮温则相反。由大气水汽含量和云液态水含量误差引入的垂直和水平极化亮温误差随入射角增大而增大,但是,即使在55°的大入射角下垂直和水平极化亮温误差仍小于0.12 K。对于海面温度反演精度优于1 K的要求,一维综合孔径微波辐射计的测温精度需优于0.6 K。研究结果对于一维综合孔径微波辐射计海面温度反演算法的研究和载荷设计具有一定的理论指导意义。  相似文献   

9.
微波辐射计遥感海水盐度的水池实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过水池实验研究了L波段微波辐射和盐度的关系,并进行了盐度的反演计算。实验中,先向水池内加入天然海水,然后通过向水池中添加自来水的方式调节降低池内水体的盐度,使盐度从31.67逐步降低到27.48。在此期间,利用微波辐射计观测池内水体的L波段H极化和V极化辐射值以及S波段V极化辐射值,利用CTD观测池内水体的温度和盐度。L波段微波辐射值和根据辐射理论计算出的亮温值具有很好的线性关系。利用最大和最小的2个盐度下的微波辐射值和由辐射理论计算的亮温得到定标公式,将观测的辐射值换算为亮温。最后利用半解析的反演算法反演盐度。本次实验的反演最大误差为2.1,均方差为0.3。  相似文献   

10.
应用微波辐射亮温确定北极海冰边缘的算法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
海冰边缘区(MIZ)的边缘位置是微波遥感图像的1个基本特征,本文利用AMSR-E微波辐射亮温的强度比,提出1个确定MIZ边缘位置的方法。强度比最初用来确定数字影像中海冰和海水的阈值。研究发现,强度比也可以反应海冰与海水的微波辐射的差异。在无冰水域,垂直极化的18.7(V18.7)和36.5(V36.5)GHz的高级微波扫描辐射计(AM-SR-E)的亮温之比主要在0.86~0.89之间变化,此时它们在散点图中聚集成1条经过原点的直线;而在MIZ,它们的比值发生了显著改变。强度比比较好的体现了V18.7和V36.5的亮温比值在MIZ边缘处的变化特征:强度比快速增大,并且它的梯度出现极大值。全年中MIZ边缘处的亮温比值在0.89~0.90之间变化,此时对应的海冰密集度为0.08。  相似文献   

11.
南海热带气旋纬向分布特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈润珍 《台湾海峡》2007,26(4):465-471
根据中国气象局整编的1949~2003年台风年鉴资料,对南海热带气旋的源地、消亡地、强度、移向移速、活跃地等纬向分布的特征进行分析,旨在为南海热带气旋各纬度带的活动特征,为南海热带气旋的预报业务工作提供参考依据,并为研究工作奠定基础.  相似文献   

12.
Which is more important for tropical cyclone (TC) intensity and intensification, sea surface temperature (SST) or tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP)? Investigations using best-track TC central pressures, TRMM/TMI three-day mean SST data, and an estimated TCHP based on oceanic reanalysis data from 1998 to 2004, show that the central pressure is more closely related to TCHP accumulated from TC formation to its mature stages than to the accumulated SST and its duration. From an oceanic environmental viewpoint, a rapid deepening of TC central pressure occurs when TCHP is relatively high on a basin scale, while composite distributions of TCHP, vertical wind shear, lower tropospheric relative humidity, and wind speed occurring in cases of rapid intensification are different for each TC season. In order to explore the influence of TCHP on TC intensity and intensification, analyses using both oceanic reanalysis data and the results of numerical simulations based on an ocean general circulation model are performed for the cases of Typhoons Chaba (2004) and Songda (2004), which took similar tracks. The decrease in TCHP due to the passage of Chaba led to the suppression of Songda’s intensity at the mature stage, while Songda maintained its intensity for a relatively long time because induced near-inertial currents due to the passage of Chaba reproduced anticyclonic warm eddies appearing on the leftside of Chaba’s track before Songda passed by. This type of intensity-sustenance process caused by the passage of a preceding TC is often found in El Niño years. These results suggest that TCHP, but not SST, plays an important role in TC intensity and its intensification.  相似文献   

13.
The hypothesis about the interrelation of the integral water-vapor concentration (from data of microwave satellite systems) and plural tropical cyclogenesis in cyclonogenerating water areas of the World Ocean in 2001 is verified with the aid of the EVA-01 (IKI RAN) database (DB) with elements of the objectrelation type formed by the authors. It is experimentally proved in the work that there is a critical value of the integral water-vapor concentration (a peculiar necessary condition) at which the mature form of a tropical cyclone (TC) is formed with a lifetime exceeding 24 h. It is also experimentally proved that, in the same time interval, there is another group of TCs with a short lifetime (less than than 24 h) which do not possess a clearly pronounced boundary value of the water-vapor intensity and can be formed in a wide range of its values. The relations between the regions with an increased concentration of water vapor and genesis of TCs have become obvious only with the use of object-relation computer technologies.  相似文献   

14.
利用1949~2003年热带气旋年鉴资料,对55年来影响山东热带气旋(TC)活动的气候特征与太平洋海温的关系进行了分析.结果表明:(1)在厄尔尼诺年,影响山东的TC频数较常年明显偏少.厄尔尼诺次年TC频数较常年稍有增加;拉尼娜年影响山东的TC频数较常年显著偏多,增加明显的月份主要是8月和9月,拉尼娜次年,影响山东TC频数偏少.厄尔尼诺事件强度越大,影响山东的TC频数越少;(2)影响山东的TC数和菲律宾以东洋面的海温呈正相关,并具有很好的持续性.影响山东的TC多年,赤道中东太平洋有较强的负距平区,影响山东的TC少年,赤道中东太平洋为正距平区;(3)厄尔尼诺年,影响山东的TC强度偏强.拉尼娜年,影响山东的TC强度明显偏弱.影响山东的TC强度厄尔尼诺年要比拉尼娜年强很多;(4)影响山东TC偏强年在赤道中东太平洋有较强的正距平区,影响山东TC偏弱年在赤道中东太平洋地区有较强的负距平.综上说明赤道中东太平洋的海温高低对影响山东的TC频数和强度有较好的指示作用.  相似文献   

15.
ENSO事件对西北太平洋热带气旋影响的分级研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用1951-2006年联合台风警报中心(JTWC)最佳路径数据集和气候预测中心(CPC) ENSO资料,分析了西北太平洋不同等级热带气旋累积能量(accumulated cyclone energy,ACE)与ENSO指数之间的关系.结果表明;ACE与ENSO指数间存在正相关关系;分级热带气旋中,ENSO事件主要通过超强台风(Super TY)的活动与ACE指数联系起来的,超强台风频数在El Ni(n)o期间多于La Ni(n)a 期间,同时持续时间也更长;ENSO指数和热带气旋活跃季超强台风ACE指数的滞后相关(ENSO指数滞后5个月内)与它们的同时相关大小相当.此外,还研究了分级热带气旋持续时间、强度和频数分别对ACE指数的贡献,结果显示超强台风频数的贡献最大.接下来,利用1951-2006年不同ENSO位相情况下NCEP再分析资料,分析了ENSO影响超强台风发生发展的物理机制.主要结论为:西北太平洋存在一些SuperTY频数与源地分布在ENSO年与平常年相比有明显差异的关键区;ENSO事件改变关键区低层相对涡度以及海表温度是其影响SuperTY源地及频数变化的重要途径.  相似文献   

16.
Compared with traditional real aperture microwave radiometers, one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometers have higher spatial resolution. In this paper, we proposed to retrieve sea surface temperature using a one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometer that operates at frequencies of 6.9 GHz, 10.65 GHz,18.7 GHz and 23.8 GHz at multiple incidence angles. We used the ERA5 reanalysis data provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and a radiation transmission forward model to calculate the model brightness temperature. The brightness temperature measured by the spaceborne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometer was simulated by adding Gaussian noise to the model brightness temperature.Then, a backpropagation(BP) neural network algorithm, a random forest(RF) algorithm and two multiple linear regression algorithms(RE1 and RE2) were developed to retrieve sea surface temperature from the measured brightness temperature within the incidence angle range of 0°–65°. The results show that the retrieval errors of the four algorithms increase with the increasing Gaussian noise. The BP achieves the lowest retrieval errors at all incidence angles. The retrieval error of the RE1 and RE2 decrease first and then increase with the incidence angle and the retrieval error of the RF is contrary to that of RE1 and RE2.  相似文献   

17.
Better forecast of tropical cyclone(TC) can help to reduce risk and enhance management. The TC forecast depends on the scientific understanding of oceanic processes, air-sea interaction and finally, the atmospheric process. The TC Viyaru is taken as an example, which is formed at the end of 11 May 2013 and sustains up to 17 May 2013 during pre-monsoon season. Argo data are used to investigate ocean response processes by comparing pre-and post-conditions of the TC. Eight oceanic parameters including the sea surface temperature(SST), the sea surface salinity(SSS), and the barrier layer thickness(BLT), the 26°C isotherm depth in the ocean(D26), the isothermal layer depth(ILD), the mixed layer depth(MLD), the tropical cyclone heat potential(TCHP) and the effective oceanic layer for cyclogenesis(EOLC) are chosen to evaluate the pre-and post-conditions of the TC along the track of Viyaru. The values of the SST, D26, BLT, TCHP and EOLC in the pre-cyclonic condition are higher than the post-cyclonic condition, while the SSS, ILD and MLD in the post-cyclonic condition are higher than the pre-cyclonic condition of the ocean due to strong cyclonic winds and subsurface upwelling. It is interesting that the strong intensity of the TC reduces less SST and vice versa. The satisfied real time Argo data is not available in the northern Bay of Bengal especially in the coastal region. A weather research and forecasting model is employed to hindcast the track of Viyaru, and the satellite data from the National Center Environmental Prediction are used to assess the hindcast.  相似文献   

18.
The trajectory characteristics and the intensity evolution of the Alberto tropical cyclone (TC) in the integral water-vapor field are analyzed in detail using a software-algorithmic complex designed for constructing highly detailed global radio-thermal fields of the ocean-atmosphere system based on microwave satellite measurements. This complex was developed by the authors earlier and allows one to obtain global animated radio-thermal fields with a time step of 1.5 h and a spatial resolution of 0.2°. Special attention is paid to the problem of revealing the energy sources of three consecutive intensifications of this TC. The analysis of satellite data with the use of the animation method developed by the authors shows for the first time that these sources are regions with an increased (exceeding the critical level) integral water-vapor content located in different geographical areas lying along the complex trajectory of the TC with a variable intensity. The first region was located in the equatorial intertropical convergence zone, the second was located above the Gulf Stream water area, and the third resided in the area affected by the Azores High.  相似文献   

19.
南海中尺度涡旋对热带气旋的响应:个例研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
刘广平  胡建宇 《台湾海峡》2009,28(3):308-315
利用TOPEX/POsEIDON和Jason—1卫星高度计,SeaWiFS水色传感器和TMI微波成像仪等卫星遥感资料研究了南海中尺度涡旋对热带气旋“玲玲”(Lingling,0123)、“灿都”(Chanthu,0405)和“榴莲”(Durian,0621)的响应,得到以下研究结果:(1)位于热带气旋“玲玲”和“榴莲”移动路径右侧的冷涡在热带气旋经过后增强,表现在海面高度距平和海表温度的较大幅度下降,以及叶绿素a的爆发性升高;(2)位于“玲玲”移动路径左侧以及“灿都”路径上的暖涡在热带气旋经过后减弱,表现在海面高度距平和海表温度的下降,而叶绿素a变化不太明显;(3)当热带气旋“玲玲”和“灿都”经过暖涡时,热带气旋的强度迅速增大,这表明暖涡可能有助于热带气旋的加强.  相似文献   

20.
本文基于中国气象局上海台风研究所整编的热带气旋(Tropical Cyclone, TC)最佳路径资料及美国NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,采用经验正交函数分解、合成分析、相关分析等统计方法,分析了1979-2016年7-9月西北太平洋地区海盆尺度大尺度环境引导气流的年际变化与热带气旋活动之间的联系。结果表明:(1)西北太平洋地区夏季大尺度环境引导气流在年际尺度上存在两个典型模态。其中第一典型模态大尺度环境引导气流呈现经向分布的偶极型环流型,该模态与东部型ENSO密切相关;第二典型模态大尺度环境引导气流呈明显的局地反气旋环流形态,其与中部型ENSO和热带大西洋海温异常紧密关联。(2)大尺度环境引导气流第一典型模态异常年份之间TC活动(生成位置、路径、强度和持续时间)具有显著差异,TC生成空间分布南北差异显著;TC路径尤其西北行和西行盛行路径也具有显著差异。(3)第二典型模态异常年份之间,TC生成位置和路径差异与第一模态呈现显著不同,TC生成位置呈现较为明显的东西向分布,在东南象限TC生成差异尤为显著,TC路径的差异主要体现在西北行和近海转向两类盛行路径。  相似文献   

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