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随着沿海经济的迅猛发展,我国近岸海域污染日益严重,成为影响我国海洋生态文明建设的主要问题之一。文章在全面分析我国近岸海域生态环境状况和存在的主要生态环境问题的基础上,提出以下对策建议:我国近岸海域污染防治应加强陆海统筹,切实削减氮磷入海总量;严格控制填海工程,坚决遏制滨海湿地丧失的势头;围绕关键海洋关键生态过程,实施生态恢复修复工程;加强海洋灾害风险管控,有效预防海洋环境灾害发生;加强海洋生态环境监测,为我国近岸海域的可持续发展提供保障。 相似文献
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随着海洋开发和利用的不断深化,海洋环境问题日益恶化,海洋溢油、有害赤潮、海岸侵蚀、海平面上升等环境风险不断加剧,严重威胁着海洋生态安全,影响着海洋经济的可持续发展和海洋生态文明建设。文章选取对我国海洋生态环境和人类生活产生危害较大的海洋环境风险,详细分析了我国海洋环境风险现状及其发展态势,并从环境监测和风险控制两方面深入探讨了我国海洋环境监测与风险管控能力的发展现状。通过与国家需求相比较,提出我国海洋环境监测与风险控制目前存在的问题,最后明确未来我国海洋环境监控与风险控制的重点与方向。 相似文献
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随着海洋强国战略的全面实施,海洋生态文明建设作为生态文明建设的重要组成部分已经上升为国家战略,绿色发展强调转变传统海洋经济发展方式,注重海洋资源保护和生态环境修复治理,是实现经济、社会、资源、环境协调发展的新型发展模式。海洋环境监测是认知海洋环境现状、保障海洋生态文明建设和海洋经济绿色发展的重要技术手段。文章论述了海洋生态文明和绿色发展的内涵,给出了海洋生态文明示范区(试验区)和海洋生态红线区两大海洋生态文明建设载体,重点论述了当前以海洋水质浮标、海洋水文气象浮标、波浪浮标、潮位站(验潮井)、高频地波雷达、Argo浮标等为主的海洋环境在线监测和海洋遥感监测技术手段。从构建"岸-海-岛""天空-海面-海底""点-线-面-层"立体化、全方位、实时监测系统,推进在线监测关键技术攻关及配套服务建设等方面进行了展望。 相似文献
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海洋是高质量发展战略要地，推动海洋经济高质量发展是建设海洋强国的必然选择。文章从海洋经济高质量发展的内涵出发，以新发展理念为基础，运用熵权-TOPSIS模型评价沿海地区海洋经济发展质量的综合能力并分析其区域差异。实证结果显示：(1)五大准则层指标按权重从高到低排序依次为：海洋科技创新、对外开放、海洋经济结构、社会民生、海洋生态环境；(2)沿海地区的海洋经济高质量发展水平在考察期间为波动上升趋势，各省(自治区、直辖市)间海洋经济发展质量差距在逐渐变小；(3)影响海洋经济发展质量各子系统中，北部海洋经济圈在5个子系统评分中均处于较低水平。为此，提出促进海洋经济高质量发展的提升路径：海洋科技创新与海洋产业结构升级协同发展、完善海洋生态环境保护政策、打造对外开放新格局等。 相似文献
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海洋生态文明建设是沿海地区经济社会可持续发展的基础和保障。文章从海洋生态环境综合修复整治、海洋环境监视监测体系建设和海洋综合管理模式创新3个方面总结天津市海洋生态文明建设成果,分析存在的海洋生态环境问题突出、海洋产业结构不合理、海洋管理协调机制不完善和海洋基础科研力量不足等问题。在此基础上,提出天津市海洋生态文明建设的思路和对策:树立陆海统筹发展理念,完善顶层设计;严格落实海洋功能区划,强化生态用海功能;改善海洋生态环境,增强生物资源养护;调整海洋产业结构,助推海洋经济发展;充实海洋科研机构,提升科技研发能力;对接海洋产业需求,促进人才和团队建设;重视海洋宣教工作,提高公众海洋意识。 相似文献
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加强海洋生态文明建设,是国家生态文明建设的关键领域和重要组成部分,对保障和促进海洋事业全面、协调、可持续发展具有重大战略意义。文章在具体分析当前我国海洋生态文明建设工作的基础上,提出海洋生态文明建设的重点;明确指出应加强海洋生态文明建设关键技术研究,着重阐述了沿海产业结构优化的海洋生态环境效应评价技术、污染物入海排污口设置和入海排放管控技术、重要海洋生态区域选划与保护技术、海洋生态文明意识评估技术研究,为海洋生态文明建设提供技术支持和决策服务。 相似文献
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海域综合管理关乎沿海百姓福祉、海洋经济发展、海域开发秩序、海洋生态安全,必须全力做好工作。海域综合管理工作要全面贯彻党的十八大和十八届三中、四中、五中、六中全会精神, 统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局和协调推进“四个全面”战略布局,牢固树立和贯彻落实新发展理念,认真落实全国海洋工作会议部署,大力推进海洋生态文明建设,加快转变海域开发利用方式,坚持海域开发利用保护与经济社会生态效益相统一,全面提高海域开发利用质量和效率,实施围填海管控和海岸线分类保护、利用与整治修复制度,深化海域资源有偿使用制度改革,建设海上构筑物电子信息系统,开展海域使用管理法修订和海洋功能区划修编工作,强化事中事后监管,提升海域资源开发利用保护的治理能力,为我国国民经济与社会发展和海洋强国建设提供有力支撑和基础保障,为助推供给侧结构性改革和海洋经济健康快速发展做出贡献。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
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This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
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Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献