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1.
重金属对波部东风螺早期发育的毒性及EDTA的解毒效果 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
研究了重金属Cu2 、Zn2 、Cd2 、Pb2 对波部东风螺(Babyloniaformosaehabei)胚胎和面盘幼体的毒性效应及EDTA对幼体Cu2 、Zn2 中毒的解毒效果。结果表明,Cu2 、Zn2 、Cd2 、Pb2 在胚胎发育中最高允许浓度分别为0.01、0.05、0.10、0.50mg·L-1;对幼体的48hLC50值分别为33.251、86.352、1524.191、4751.042μg·L-1,96hLC50值分别为21.772、59.418、1072.182、3031.019μg·L-1;安全浓度分别为2.177、5.942、107.218、303.102μg·L-1;4种重金属离子对胚胎和幼体的毒性顺序均为:Cu2 >Zn2 >Cd2 >Pb2 。Cu2 、Zn2 浓度分别为0.2、0.5mg·L-1时,EDTA对面盘幼体的最佳解毒浓度分别为1—2和2—3mg·L-1。 相似文献
2.
以酶学分析的方法研究4种金属离子(Cd2 、Cu2 、Pb2 、Zn2 )对可口革囊星虫纤维素酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力的影响.4种重金属离子分别按《国家渔业水质标准》(GB11607-89)(Cd2 ≤0.005mg/dm3、Cu2 ≤0.01mg/dm3、Pb2 ≤0.05mg/dm3、Zn2 ≤0.10mg/dm3)的0、10、20、50和100倍设置实验梯度.实验表明,可口革囊星虫3种消化酶活力大小为纤维素酶＞淀粉酶＞脂肪酶;在实验设置的浓度范围内,Cd2 、Cu2 、Pb2 和Zn2 4种金属离子对可口革囊星虫的纤维素酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力均产生显著影响.除脂肪酶外的其余2种酶各处理组的比活力均显著(P＜0.05)低于对照组.不同浓度金属离子对可口革囊星虫脂肪酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力的影响表现出不同的变化趋势. 相似文献
3.
在实验生态条件下研究了重金属离子(Cu2+、Pb2+、Hg2+、Cd2+)对日本虫寻鳃丝和肝胰脏显微结构(15d)的影响.观察结果表明:在2 mg/LCu2+处理组,日本虫寻鳃叶不规则增厚,鳃腔相对扩大,其中血细胞明显增多;上皮层出现破坏:角质膜(CU)呈波状拱起,部分上皮细胞脱离角质膜形成大的空泡(VA);上皮细胞排列不规则,并与数目众多的血细胞充挤于血腔;肝胰脏中构成肝管的细胞发生严重崩解,只残留包被在外周的一层结缔组织的被膜.10mg/LPb2+处理组鳃丝角质膜明显呈波状突起;肝管结构紊乱,开始出现大量空泡(VA).0.1 mg/L Hg2+暴露下,鳃丝上皮层偶有溶解现象;肝胰脏肝细胞空泡化(VA)现象更为严重,细胞间界限不明显,肝细胞溶解,有些细胞核固缩;被膜中的结缔组织充血,出现血细胞浸润现象.1 mg/L Cd2+暴露下,鳃丝上皮层严重解体,只剩一层角质层,鳃腔相对扩大,部分区域有充血现象;肝胰脏出现细胞质溶解,细胞间界限不明显,血细胞浸润等现象. 相似文献
4.
镉胁迫对凡纳滨对虾血清中一氧化氮合成酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了不同浓度Cd2 (0.05、0.5和5mg·L-1)对凡纳滨对虾Litopeneaus vannamei血清中的总一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)、诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响.结果表明,镉胁迫促使总NOS活力升高依剂量而异,中(0.5mg·L-1)、低(0. 05mg·L-1)剂量组凡纳滨对虾血清中总NOS活力在24-48h显著高于对照组,而高剂量组(5mg·L-1)在12-48h血清中总NOS活力与对照组相比无显著差别; iNOS活力变化趋势与总NOS活力相似,但中、低剂量组之间iNOS活性无显著差异.镉胁迫促使凡纳滨对虾血清中SOD活力短暂升高,但高剂量在24-48h对SOD活力呈明显的抑制效应. 相似文献
5.
在实验生态条件下研究了重金属离子(Cu2 、Pb2 、Hg2 、Cd2 )对日本鳃丝和肝胰脏显微结构(15d)的影响。观察结果表明:在2 mg/L Cu2 处理组,日本鳃叶不规则增厚,鳃腔相对扩大,其中血细胞明显增多;上皮层出现破坏:角质膜(CU)呈波状拱起,部分上皮细胞脱离角质膜形成大的空泡(VA);上皮细胞排列不规则,并与数目众多的血细胞充挤于血腔;肝胰脏中构成肝管的细胞发生严重崩解,只残留包被在外周的一层结缔组织的被膜。10mg/L Pb2 处理组鳃丝角质膜明显呈波状突起;肝管结构紊乱,开始出现大量空泡(VA)。0.1 mg/L Hg2 暴露下,鳃丝上皮层偶有溶解现象;肝胰脏肝细胞空泡化(VA)现象更为严重,细胞间界限不明显,肝细胞溶解,有些细胞核固缩;被膜中的结缔组织充血,出现血细胞浸润现象。1 mg/L Cd2 暴露下,鳃丝上皮层严重解体,只剩一层角质层,鳃腔相对扩大,部分区域有充血现象;肝胰脏出现细胞质溶解,细胞间界限不明显,血细胞浸润等现象。 相似文献
6.
7.
混合暴露条件下刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)对重金属的富集与释放特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用双箱动力学模型模拟了刺参在Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg和As 7种重金属混合暴露条件下,呼吸树、消化道和体壁组织对重金属的生物富集与释放实验。结果表明:(1)重金属在刺参组织器官中的富集具有选择性,理论平衡状态下,As、Cd、Cr在各组织的含量分布(CAmax):呼吸树消化道体壁,Cu、Zn分布规律(CAmax):消化道呼吸树体壁,Hg、Pb分布规律(CAmax):体壁呼吸树消化道。(2)刺参对不同重金属的富集系数存在显著差异(P0.05),呼吸树组织对Cr离子富集系数最高2298.2,其次是Cu、Cd离子,其BCF均在1500以上,Hg、Pb、Zn和As离子在呼吸树中的富集系数较低。体壁对Cu离子的富集系数最高为1560.7,对As离子富集系数最低52.7。消化道对Cu离子富集系数最高6037,对As离子富集系数最低为87.9。 相似文献
8.
以5日龄中华鳖稚鳖为实验动物,采用静水停食实验法,在水温(27.4±1.3)℃条件下,开展了Hg2+、Cr6+、Cu2+、Zn2+对中华鳖稚鳖的急性毒性和加和等毒性强度联合毒性试验。结果表明,4种重金属离子对中华鳖稚鳖均呈现以蓄积为主导的急性毒发效应,Cr6+、Zn2+对中华鳖稚鳖的急性致毒高峰期明显滞后于Hg2+、Cu2+;4种重金属离子毒性大小依次为Hg2+、Cu2+、Cr6+、Zn2+,其对中华鳖稚鳖96h的半致死质量浓度分别为5.98、16.42、28.90和91.88mg/L;所构建的中华鳖稚鳖累积死亡概率与重金属质量浓度和实验时间之间的数学模型,以及半致死时间-质量浓度回归方程,可作为侦查和分析重金属离子排放时间和致中华鳖稚鳖大量死亡时间的重要计算工具;Hg2+、Cr6+、Cu2+、Zn2+离子两两组合在加和等毒性强度下对中华鳖稚鳖96h联合急性毒性所呈现的致毒特征与离子种类及其毒性强度匹配情形密切相关。 相似文献
9.
重金属离子对中华绒螯蟹肝胰脏和鳃丝SOD,CAT活力的影响 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14
研究了 3种重金属离子 (Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 )对中华绒螯蟹肝胰脏和鳃丝 SOD,CAT活力的影响。实验结果表明 ,肝胰脏和鳃丝 SOD,CAT活力在 3种重金属离子作用下分别随取样时间变化显著 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,对 2种抗氧化酶活力的抑制均为肝胰脏 <鳃丝。 3种重金属离子在实验时间内对肝胰脏 2种抗氧化酶活力的影响呈峰值变化 ,低浓度组表现为促进作用 ,高浓度组在 96 h时为抑制作用 ;低浓度组在 72 h内能提高鳃丝 2种抗氧化酶活力 ,随后下降 ,至 96 h时表现为抑制作用 ,而高浓度组一直为明显的抑制作用 ,2种抗氧化酶活力表现出明显的时间、剂量效应关系。因此 ,肝胰脏和鳃丝SOD,CAT2种抗氧化酶可作为中华绒螯蟹毒理学的评价指标。 相似文献
10.
金属离子对凡纳对虾N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活力的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
本文报道了金属离子对凡纳对虾N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶 (EC3. 2. 1. 52)活力的影响.结果表明,Li 、Na 和K 等对该酶活力没有任何效应.Ca2 、Mg2 、Mn2 对该酶有激活作用,而Ba2 、Al3 、Fe3 、Zn2 、Co2 、Cd2 、Hg2 、Pb2 和Cu2 对该酶活力均具有一定的抑制作用.以Hg2 的抑制作用最显著,Hg2 含量为 1. 5mmol/dm3 时可使酶活力完全丧失.进一步研究Zn2 的抑制作用动力学,结果表明:Zn2 对该酶的抑制作用属可逆的非竞争性类型,抑制常数为11. 95mmol/dm3. 相似文献
11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
14.
双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺的检测方法初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究的目的是探索一种检测双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺含量的方法。以栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)为实验对象,研究了取样、抗氧化剂、氧化铝用量以及Tris缓冲液用量等对实验结果的影响。结果表明,高效液相色谱电化学检测器法(HPLC-ECD)可以灵敏高效地对双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺进行定性、定量检测。实验表明,取样时间最长不超过1.5min;还原性谷胱甘肽作抗氧化剂效果较好;前处理各试剂与血样量的最适配比为血样量1.5mL,Tris缓冲液(1.5mol/L,pH8.6)1mL和氧化铝25mg;水洗后离心并尽可能吸干氧化铝中的水分。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的回收率分别为53%~69%、47%~73%和48%~56%。 相似文献
15.
为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明：黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km2,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km2;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。 相似文献
16.
V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
17.
The authors have previously determined that the effectiveness and failure pattern of the ice cover caused by flexural-gravity waves generated by a submerged body motion near the bottom ice can greatly depend on the depth of the water area. In its turn, the presence of a ledge on the ice surface may affect a wave propagation pattern. This paper presents an experimental study of the bottom contour influence on the deflection and length of flexural-gravity waves. The authors describe a numerical model for the analysis of the deformed state of ice caused by hydrodynamic loads due to a submarine motion, taking into account the bottom contour. The experiments are carried out in the ice tank. The results of calculations and experiments are compared. 相似文献
18.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
19.
Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
20.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献