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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2010,(6)
海底油气渗漏是海洋环境中广泛存在的自然现象,探测海底油气渗漏信息对海洋油气资源勘探与开发具有重要意义。目前,通过海底浅表层声学探测所获取的声学微地貌与剖面反射特征是油气渗漏研究的主要证据。对海底油气渗漏的形成环境、浅表层声学技术在渗漏探测中的发展与现状、渗漏产生的地貌形态与浅地层反射剖面特征等进行了系统讨论与分析。结合国内外应用实例,对不同海区声学探测方法、参数选择以及渗漏特征进行了归纳总结,指出应综合多种资料进行渗漏异常分析,并发展有针对性的数据处理方法。 相似文献
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富钴结壳是深海固体矿产之一,其资源潜力巨大,已成为世界各国竞相调查的重要对象。声学探测技术作为一种海洋地球物理探测技术,因其在大面积调查和局部连续精细勘探方面的独特优势,在富钴结壳资源调查中得到了广泛应用。在搜集整理国内外相关文献的基础上,概述了富钴结壳的分布特征,分析传统勘探方法的不足,系统介绍多波束、侧扫声呐、浅地层剖面、原位高频测厚等声学探测技术在富钴结壳勘探中的应用现状。通过比较分析国内外声学探测技术发展现状以及未来富钴结壳勘探需求,提出3点未来发展趋势：开发一体化声学探测技术以实现海底特性的综合性测量;综合利用深海潜水器以实现近底高精度探测;深度融合大数据和人工智能技术以实现海量声学数据的智能化处理。 相似文献
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声学系统是探测悬浮颗粒物在海洋中的短期时空分布状态,揭示悬浮颗粒物的沉降、扩散和迁移特性的有效工具。本文阐述了声学系统信号与悬浮颗粒浓度的量化(以美国Datasonics声学系统为例)及信号数字化处理。用处理后的数据可定量分析海洋中悬浮颗粒物时空分布以及不同密度层和水团的分布,可供从事物理海洋学方面的研究。文中阐述的声学信号处理方法对在海洋调查研究、海洋环境保护研究和海洋环境监测中声学技术的应用可提供一个借鉴。 相似文献
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海底表层沉积物具有多相、多颗粒、多形态的组成结构，导致其声学特性复杂多样。通过分析压缩波速度和切变波速度特性的研究现状，指出有待于解决的科学问题和关键技术问题。在分析国内外有关海底沉积层声速特性研究基础上，提出采取系统、可控的实验测量手段解决当前测量存在的4点问题。综合分析了压缩波速度和切变波速度存在的统计回归关系和理论分析关系，探讨了当前地声反演、采样样品声学测量、原位声学测量3种方法存在的测量尺度、测量频率、测量状态等的差异，探讨建立不同测量方法和测量技术对测量结果进行统一性解释的方法，从而获得不同类型、不同区域的海底表层沉积物真实的声速特性。最后，从实验室声学测量、物理力学参数测量、流固耦合特性分析、原位测量及海底监测、采样测量与原位测量的误差分析及校正、海底大纵深声学测量6个方面提出技术需求，为提高声学探测海洋和海底的精度服务，推动海洋声学探测和海洋工程发展。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,38(3):F0002
海洋遥感教育部重点实验室1993年正式建立，实验室主要承担国家级科研项目、政府间国际合作项目以及研究生教育和青年学术带头人培养。设有海洋物理博士点（海洋信息探测与处理）、遥感与GIS博士点以及“长江学者奖励计划”海洋遥感学科特聘教授岗位。在海洋遥感领域进行前沿性基础研究并发展海洋高新探测技术。教授10人，副教授3人，讲师4人，工程师5人，国内外客座教授20人，博士研究生25人。 相似文献
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全面提升海洋综合探测与研究能力——中国科学院海洋先导专项进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国科学院海洋先导专项的主要任务是针对国家对海洋的战略需求,瞄准海洋领域国际前沿问题,建立海洋综合探测与研究体系,从海洋系统的角度研究海洋的各种现象、过程和规律、提出应对措施。海洋科学的发展在很大程度上依赖于技术的进步和装备水平的发展,能力建设是实现海洋先导专项科学目标的前提和基础。本文重点介绍海洋专项实施以来在能力建设方面的主要进展,包括近海与深远海观测网建设、深海综合探测与研究平台体系建设、海洋装备研发,以及随着能力建设水平的提高所带来的科学认知上的突破。通过科学目标与技术研发的有机结合、国家海洋战略目标与基础科学发展的有机结合、海洋科学与经济社会发展有机结合的实践,海洋先导专项全面提升了我国海洋综合探测与研究的能力,为深入认知、预测、预警预报、综合管控、开发和保护海洋奠定了基础,推动我国海洋科技向纵深发展,从陆架边缘海走向广袤的深海大洋,从中国近海所面临的资源环境与可持续发展问题到探索全球海洋运作机制与未来海洋发展战略。 相似文献
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为提高我国海洋科考船的建造和应用水平,促进远洋和极地渔业发展,文章根据国内外海洋科考船的发展历史和现状,分析我国海洋科考船在海洋渔业发展中存在的问题以及海洋科考船的发展趋势,并提出相关建议。研究结果表明:国际海洋科考船发展早、数量多且装备先进;我国海洋科考船发展较快,但仍需提升数量和技术,在建和研发船舶具有世界领先水平;在促进海洋渔业发展方面,我国海洋科考船存在远洋和极地调查能力以及集成功能较弱的问题;基于海洋科考船在提高极地作业能力等方面的发展趋势以及海洋渔业发展需求,我国海洋科考船的建造和应用应加强顶层设计、技术应用和数据共享。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献